1、Designation: F2479 12 (Reapproved 2017)F2479 17 An American National StandardStandard Guide forSpecification, Purchase, Installation and Maintenance ofPoured-In-Place Playground Surfacing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2479; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers information with regard
3、to the design, manufacture, installation, and maintenance of poured-in-placeplayground surfaces.NOTE 1This document is a guide and not intended to be used as a specification; it should be used for educational purposes.1.2 This guide outlines the issues of compliance with existing standards, durabili
4、ty, and functional longevity.1.3 This guide reviews issues such as edge treatment, abutting surfaces, and combinations with other surfaces designed forcirculation or protective surfaces.1.4 This guide presents maintenance considerations and general procedures that should be followed by the owner/ope
5、rator.1.5 This guide outlines aging considerations such as loss of impact absorption, cracking, shrinkage, heaving, and how toprevent, accommodate, or rectify those issues.1.6 This guide presents warranty considerations.1.7 This guide does not imply that an injury cannot be incurred when the surface
6、 system is compliant with the standards referredto in this guide.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard
7、does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard wa
8、s developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced
9、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF1951 Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment2.2 CSA Standard:3CSA Z614 Childrens Playspaces and
10、 Equipment3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aliphatic prepolymerprepolymer which does not contain any 1,3,5-cyclohexatrien group.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.63
11、 on Playground Surfacing Systems.Current edition approved April 1, 2017June 1, 2017. Published April 2017July 2017. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 asF2479 12.F2479 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/F2479-12R17.10.1520/F2479-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theA
12、STM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Cana
13、da, http:/www.csa.ca.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that us
14、ers consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1.1 DiscussionGenerally
15、 highly color stable when exposed to UV radiation, no yellowing.3.1.2 ambient grindingprocess that takes raw rubber products and processes it to rubber crumb, chips, buffings, and so forththat is at the temperature generated by the grinding equipment or in the location of production.3.1.3 aromatic p
16、repolymerhydrocarbons that are made from only hydrogen and carbon and contain a prepolymer whichcontains one or more 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene group.3.1.3.1 DiscussionAromatic prepolymer are generally susceptible to change when exposed to UV and moisture. These changes can be seen as ayellowish shading
17、or “ambering” of the top surface, especially when encapsulating rubber crumb that is grey, light blue, blue,eggshell, teal, and so forth.3.1.4 asphalt, adjacentbituminous bound material that is used as a curb or walkway and comes into contact with thepoured-in-place surface.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe mat
18、erials and compaction shall conform to local engineering practices and have a mechanical compaction of no less than 98 %standard proctor density. The edge of the asphalt at the junction with the poured-in-place surface shall be vertical to 30 fromhorizontal. Consideration should be given to the use
19、of an appropriate primer as recommended by the manufacturer to ensureadhesion of the poured-in-place surface to the asphalt.3.1.5 asphalt, basehard, bituminous bound surface that is under the poured-in-place surface.3.1.5.1 DiscussionNew asphalt should cure at least 14 days, have no residual surface
20、 oils, and be pressure washed or have at least two thoroughrainfalls prior to receiving poured-in-place surface. When the surface is flooded with as much as 0.2 in. (5.1 mm) of water, thereshould be no evidence (rainbow effect) of oils on the surface of the water. A properly prepared asphalt base wi
21、ll be able toeffectively remove any water which penetrates the poured-in-place surface. This may be accomplished by sloping the asphalt,installing drainage, or using porous asphalt.3.1.6 concrete, baseconcrete surface that is under the poured-in-place surface.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe concrete base shou
22、ld be 4 in. (100 mm) minimum thickness.All new concrete slabs should cure for a minimum of seven daysprior to receiving poured-in-place surface. Concrete base should have a medium broom finish. A properly prepared concrete basewill be able to effectively remove any water which penetrates the poured-
23、in-place surface. This may be accomplished by slopingthe concrete, installing drainage, or using a porous concrete.3.1.7 concrete, adjacentconcrete material that is used as a curb or walkway and comes into contact with the poured-in-placesurface3.1.7.1 DiscussionThe materials and compaction shall co
24、nform to local engineering practices and have a moisture content less than 5 % at the timethe poured-in-place surface is installed. The edge of the concrete at the junction with the poured-in-place surface shall be vertical.Consideration should be given to the use of an appropriate primer as recomme
25、nded by the manufacturer to ensure adhesion of thepoured-in-place surface to the concrete. Other strategies to avoid sinking of the final poured-in-place surface would be to providea “key” or “step” in the vertical face of the concrete to support the poured-in-place surface.3.1.8 cryogenic grindingp
26、rocess that takes a raw rubber product and processes it to rubber crumb, chips, and so forth, aprocess that freezes the raw product and the frozen product is ground to the specification.3.1.9 gravel, base mixture of crushed stone, sand, or both that is compacted to not less than 95 % standard procto
27、r density.3.1.9.1 DiscussionF2479 172Ageotextile may be required between the granular base and poured-in-place surface to ensure that the particles of the granular basedo not contaminate the poured-in-place surface. If fine particles from the base migrate into the poured-in-place system the voidcont
28、ent of the system is reduced and the ability to attenuate force is reduced.3.1.10 drainage, sub-surfaceprovision of a method of removing water below the poured-in-place surface.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThis can be achieved by sloping the sub-base material where it has a high clay content, using drainage c
29、hannels or pipes, installinga granular drainage layer for percolation.3.1.11 drainage, surfacesloping of the surface to allow water to travel across the surface to a drain.3.1.11.1 DiscussionThe porosity of the poured-in-place surface allows water to pass through more quickly than across it unless i
30、t is fully saturated.3.1.12 EPDM rubber productproduct comprised of organic and inorganic materials with a minimum of 20 % and a maximumof 26 % of ethylene propylene-diene-saturated polymethylene main chain along with other organic and inorganic components. Therubber can be either peroxide or sulphu
31、r cured.3.1.13 functional longevityability of the poured in place surface to continue to comply with relevantASTM standards and notrequire replacement.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThere are circumstances where the poured-in-place surface is physically in place however because of failures with regard to thesta
32、ted performance criteria, the surface needs to be replaced. The functional longevity can be stated in years or by comparison tothe functional life of the play structure as stated in writing by the play structure manufacturer.3.1.14 gravel, drainage layeropen course of granular material that is insta
33、lled as a layer or in channels to promote removalof water from a location.3.1.14.1 DiscussionThe layer should have a slope that promotes the removal of water.3.1.15 humidity/moisture effectschanges in the poured-in-place system caused by fluctuations in absolute humidity orexposure to moisture durin
34、g the storage of materials, installation, and cure.3.1.15.1 DiscussionPolyurethane binders are reactive to moisture in varying degrees, depending upon formulation. All one-component polyurethanebinders will require some degree of moisture to affect a cure of the product. Dramatic changes in moisture
35、 or absolute humiditycan cause variable finishes in the surface if they are not accounted for. During installation, some poured-in-place surfaces requiredry conditions, while others can be installed during a light rain and others can have water applied directly to the surface. Exposureto water may c
36、ause the binder to foam and which may reduce the effectiveness of the bond. Moisture in the rubber that is mixedwith the binder may also have an effect on the outcome of the project if not accounted for. One strategy to eliminate this problemis to have the rubber stored in a dry place and if this is
37、 not possible, the rubber should be covered with tarps or other methodsemployed to prevent moisture from entering the materials.3.1.16 lacquerspolyurethane-based product that contains solvents applied as a top coat in a spray or roller application.3.1.16.1 DiscussionThis product is used to provide c
38、olor through the addition of a pigment, protection, or both from exposure to ultraviolet light.3.1.17 latex binderspolymer binder that is water-based that has thermoplastic properties.3.1.17.1 DiscussionGenerally, the flexibility performance is within a narrow range of temperature. Latex has also be
39、en associated with allergicF2479 173reactions once it has cured. There is a concern for children with exposed skin coming into contact with this binder, as well personswith disabilities who have a propensity to allergic reactions to latex.3.1.18 polymer binderssynthetic binders used in the manufactu
40、re of the poured-in-place surface that coat the individual rubberchips, crumb, or buffings.3.1.18.1 DiscussionThese binders are to provide flexibility to allow the rubber particles to move in relation to one another and have the strength tostop the bond from breaking at maximum elongation. These bin
41、ders are man-made from petrochemicals and some of thesedemonstrate flexibility at a range of temperatures that children are expecting to use the playground and specifically to allowcompliance with Specification F1292. Polymer binders with a glass transition temperature above 22F (30C) and with highs
42、ensitivity to damage by submersion in water are to be avoided.3.1.19 polyurethanepolymer binder that demonstrates flexibility and strength over a wide range of temperatures.3.1.19.1 DiscussionPolyurethane is manufactured in both one-component (moisture cured) and two-component (mixing partAand part
43、B in a specifiedratio). Binders used in poured-in-place surfaces are almost always of the one-component type. Certain polyurethane binders canbe damaged through exposure to ultraviolet light and immersion in water. UV-resistant polyurethane lacquers may be applied tothe surface following installatio
44、n of the poured-in-place surface. These lacquers are typically two-component. Once cured,polyurethane produces no known allergic reactions.3.1.20 recycled black EPDM rubbercrumb manufactured through ambient or cryogenic grinding or crushing of post industrialscrap, containing a mixture of types of r
45、ubber including EPDM rubber product and varying in size. This rubber must have aminimum of 4 % actual EPDM content.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe actual percentage of EPDM content will be significantly less than new EPDM rubber product due to the inclusion of otherindustrial scrap rubber that is sourced in
46、the recycling process.3.1.21 recycled post consumer or industrial rubber rubber crumb that is the result of granulating in an ambient or cryogenicprocess from a variety of scrap rubber produced as a part of an industrial process or at the end of an industrial or consumer goodmade of rubber.3.1.21.1
47、DiscussionThis is manufactured into rubber crumb as the feedstock and is often of limited dimension. The variety of rubber can be very largein that this can include any waste rubber from a manufacturing process or post consumer use.3.1.22 recycled tire rubberrubber crumb, chips, or buffings made fro
48、m post manufacturing of tires or post consumer tires.3.1.22.1 DiscussionThis rubber can vary in its content as a result of the type of tire (automobile, truck, off road, and so forth) that is ground.3.1.23 release agentsmaterials that prevent the bonding of the polyurethane to other surfaces.3.1.23.
49、1 DiscussionThese can be waxes, silicone, or petroleum jelly.3.1.24 rubber buffngsstrands of rubber that are product shavings of rubber feedstock, typically tires, ranging in size from0.079 to 0.87 in. (2 to 20 mm) in length and 0.039 to 0.157 in. (1 to 4 mm) in width.3.1.25 rubber chipsparticles of rubber that have been produced by ambient or cryogenic grinding of rubber feedstock to a sizeof 0.197 to 0.59 in. (5 to 15 mm).3.1.26 rubber crumbparticles of rubber that have been produced by ambient or cryogenic grinding of r
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