ASTM F2480-2006 Standard Guide for In-ground Concrete Skatepark《滑板运动场地面上混凝土的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2480 06An American National StandardStandard Guide forIn-ground Concrete Skatepark1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision

2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers safety and performance guidelinespertaining to in-ground skatepark facilities built primarily outof concrete and

3、 other designed materials. This guide pertains toany concrete materials and other designed materials intended tobe used in the performance of the sports including skateboard-ing, inline skating and BMX biking. Items such as fencing,lighting, and operational structures are not intended to be a partof

4、 this guide.1.2 Tolerance: General Measures, Tolerances, andConversionsGeneral dimensional tolerances for this guide(unless otherwise noted) follow. These tolerances still apply toa dimension even when terms like greater than, less than,minimum, or maximum are used.Dimension ToleranceX in. or ft 60.

5、5 in.X.X in. 60.05 in.X.XX in. 60.005 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate sa

6、fety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 184/A 184M Specification for Welded Deformed SteelBar Mats for Concrete ReinforcementA 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Plain,

7、for ConcreteA 497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 616/A 616M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed andPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement3A 617/A 617M Spe

8、cification for Axle-Steel Deformed andPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 260 Specification for Air-Entrai

9、ning Admixtures for Con-creteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcreteC 1141 Specification for Admixtures for ShotcreteC 1436 Specification for Materials for ShotcreteC 1480 Specification for Packaged, Pre-Blended, D

10、ry,Combined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry ShotcreteApplicationC 1582/C 1582M Specification for Admixtures to InhibitChloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Con-creteE 1155 Test Method for Determining FFFloor Flatness andFLFloor Levelness Numbers2.2 ACI Standards:4ACI 11790 Specification

11、s for Tolerances for ConcreteConstruction and MaterialsACI 302.1R-04 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Con-structionACI 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete2.3 ANSI Standards:5ANSI 2535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C

12、ommittee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.66 onSports Facilities.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas

13、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.5Available from American National Standards

14、Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 bowlfully enclosed or partially enclosed free-flowing form with specific transitions.3.1.2 copin

15、gcircular pipe or other material installed onsome features.3.1.3 extensionadditional elevation of the top-riding sur-face within the platform area.3.1.4 featuressections of the skate surface, which is level,inclined, or curved solid surface on which the user of skate-boards, inline skates, and BMX b

16、icycles can maneuver.3.1.5 flat bottomhorizontal part of the riding surfacebetween the transitions.3.1.6 flat ground flat, horizontal space, which is greaterthan 12 in. long.3.1.7 flatnessdegree to which a line or surface approxi-mates a plane and is a measurement of local surfacebumpiness/undulatio

17、n.3.1.8 free falling heightperpendicular distance betweenthe floor space and an adjacent low-lying space.3.1.9 in-ground concrete skateparkany concrete structureplaced in ground that is to be used for skateboarding, inlineskating, and BMX bicycles.3.1.10 levelnessdegree to which a line or surface pa

18、rallelshorizontal or design grade; and is a measurement of localconformance to design grade over a distance.3.1.11 performance edgingdurable material installed onthe accessible edges or surfaces of intersecting and terminatingplanes on features for performance purposes.3.1.12 pool copingmanufactured

19、 masonry product similarin shape and function to that typically manufactured forswimming pools. (See coping in 3.1.2.)3.1.13 protective edgingdurable material that protectsaccessible edges of intersecting and terminating planes on theriding surfaces for the purposes of reducing wear.3.1.14 transitio

20、n/radiusradial change in slope betweentwo elevations.3.1.15 resting areasport-functional clearance required forstanding out of the flow of active skaters and clearing the activeskating zone to avoid a collision.3.1.16 riding surfacepart of skatepark structure on whichthe skater will be in contact.3.

21、1.17 skatepark element, feature, structure, or group ofelements, features, structures within a defined boundary for useby skateboarders, inline skaters, or BMX bikers.3.1.18 specified surface, plane, or linesurface, plane, orline specified by the contract documents; specified planes andlines may slo

22、pe and specified surfaces may have curvature.3.1.19 tolerance(1) the permitted variation from a givendimension or quantity; (2) the range of variation permitted inmaintaining a specified dimension; and (3) A permitted varia-tion from location or alignment.3.1.20 vertvertical part of the riding surfa

23、ce.3.1.21 vertical alignmentlocation relative to specifiedvertical plane or a specified vertical line or from a line or planereference to a vertical line or plane. When applied to batteredwalls, abutments, or other nearly vertical surfaces, verticalalignment is defined as the horizontal location of

24、the surfacerelative to the specified profile.4. Materials4.1 GeneralAll materials used shall fulfill the sport-specific requirements for skatepark facilities.4.2 Steel ElementsAll exposed steel shall be inherentlycorrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion resistantcoating.4.3 Concrete:4.3.1

25、 All concrete should consider the following, which isnot necessarily all-inclusive: compressive strength, flexuralstrength, or both, and finishability; maximum size, grading, andtype of coarse aggregate; grading and type of fine aggregate;combined aggregate grading; air content of concrete, if appli

26、-cable; slump of concrete; water-cement ratio or water-cementitious material ratio; and preplacement soaking require-ment for lightweight aggregates; and should conform to but arenot limited to the requirements of Specifications C33 andC 94/C 94M, Terminology C 125, Specifications C 150, C 260,C 494

27、/C 494M, C 1116, C 1141, C 1436, C 1480, C 1582/C 1582M, and ACI 302.1R-04.4.3.2 Design details, site preparation, type of concrete andrelated materials should be provided by the designer of theconcrete skatepark prior to bid documents and be applicable tothe local environmental conditions. Design d

28、etails shouldreference specifications for concrete strength characteristics,use of admixtures for freezing exposure, use of reinforcingsteel, testing and inspection requirements. Concrete shall bemanufactured to meet the specifications of the designer,method of concrete construction-ready-mix, preca

29、st or shot-crete concrete should comply with applicable specifications.4.4 Steel ReinforcingSteel reinforcing should conform tobut are not limited to the following specifications: deformedbars should conform to the requirements of SpecificationsA 615/A 615M, A 616/A 616M,orA 617/A 617M. Bar matsconf

30、orming to Specification A 184/A 184M can also be used.Welded wire reinforcing should conform to SpecificationsA 185/A 185M or A 497/A 497M.4.5 Synthetic FibersSynthetic fibers for use in concreteslabs should meet the requirements outlined in SpecificationC 1116 or ACI 302.1R-04-26.4.6 Other Material

31、sUtilization of other materials is ad-missible.5. Physical Properties5.1 In general, physical properties outline characteristicsbest suited for skateboard, roller blade, and BMX activities.5.2 Concrete FinishThe concrete surface should provide asmooth and nonslip surface characteristic (see ACI 302.

32、1R-04Class 9 Finish).5.3 Surface Flatness and LevelnessTolerances shouldconform to the requirements set forth in ACI 11790.Adiscussion of concrete flatness/levelness is given in the com-mentary to ACI 11790.5.3.1 Flatness and levelness requirements should be de-scribed in bid documents. Methods for

33、defining flatness andlevelness should be in accordance with ACI 11790 and TestMethod E 1155. The flatness values should control localsurface bumpiness in accordance with Test Method E 1155.F2480062The levelness values should control local conformance todesign grade (see Test Method E 1155).5.3.2 Pre

34、cautionsConcrete surface tolerance specificationand measurement procedures should be pre-bid determined.Tolerances should be defined based on what can be reasonablyexpected from a given construction method. The concreteflatness/levelness constitutes a potential issue, the followingprecautions are su

35、ggested:5.3.2.1 The exact meaning of the flatness/levelness require-ment and the exact method and time of measurement todetermine compliance should be established before beginningconstruction.5.3.2.2 The contractor or fabricator should confirm anability to satisfy the concrete surface tolerance requ

36、irement byprofiling previous installations or specimens.5.3.2.3 Where feasible, test slabs or specimens should beinstalled or supplied to verify the effectiveness of proposedfabrication procedures under actual job conditions. If neces-sary, methods and procedures should then be modified for theactua

37、l job installation based on these results. The acceptance ofthe test slab or specimen by the owner as to tolerances andsurface finish should clarify requirements for the project slaband becomes the project “Exemplar/Benchmark.”5.3.2.4 The exact remedy to be applied to every possibleconcrete surface

38、tolerance deficiency should be confirmed withthe designer.5.3.3 Levelness and flatness design in concrete skateparkconstruction should define acceptable tolerances for radii ofcurved surfaces, flatness values on a radius should be similar tothose of a flat surface. This applies to all elevation chan

39、getolerances, banks, ledges, and so forth.5.4 Expansion Joints and Control Joints:5.4.1 Expansion joints should be placed where they are leastlikely to interfere with a wheel. Careful consideration toexpansion joints location must be given, using the flow ofskaters as critical design criteria.5.4.2

40、Unfilled cut control joint must not exceed18 of aninch.5.4.3 Filled Control JointSize of control joint is notimportant. It must be a rigid control joint filler, which must beflush with the skating surface and close the joint completely.5.4.4 Tooled Control JointsJoints should be placed wherethey are

41、 least likely to interfere with skate wheels, and a cutcontrol joint is not possible.5.5 Consolidation and Compaction of Concrete AroundExposed Steel MaterialsThe placement of concrete onsloped radii or any areas incorporating a change in elevation iscritical to the stability of the exposed steel ma

42、terial or concretecoping. The difficulty of achieving proper consolidation aroundthe steel material and their reinforced attachments through theuse of standard air removal consolidation techniques can leadto slumping and the creation of an air pocket around the steelmaterial, which may not be visibl

43、e during construction andmay result in concrete failure on the riding surface. See Section8.3 of ACI 302.1R-04 and ACI 309R for detailed discussion.6. Other Requirements6.1 Protective Edging:6.1.1 If protective edging/surface is used, it shall be flushwith the finished riding surface. It shall be st

44、rong enough toprotect the surface from damage and excessive wear due toprolonged use.6.1.2 When protective edging is used as protection againstbike pegs, it shall extend a minimum of 4.0 in. behind thecoping, and be flush with the riding surface.6.2 Coping shall protrude 0.25 6 0.125 in. above the r

45、estingdeck and shall protrude 0.25 + 0.25 in. or 0.125 in. aboveriding surfaces (see Fig. 1).6.2.1 The outside radius of coping shall be a minimum of1.18 in. or 30 mm.6.3 Gaps or transitions between riding surfaces intended tobe in the same plane shall not exceed 0.188 in. in any direction.7. Owners

46、 Responsibility7.1 Signage:7.1.1 Skatepark signage shall be provided by the owner/operator for installation on a signboard at the skatepark.7.2 Skatepark signage, free standing or fixed fence, mustcomply with the following:7.2.1 Convey safety information to the user and to thoseproviding parental or

47、 guardian supervision.7.2.2 Indicate that adult supervision of minors is or is notpresent.7.2.3 Indicate the owner-operator emergency telephonenumbers.7.2.4 Indicate emergency telephone numbers for medical,ambulance, and police.7.2.5 Indicate any applicable regulations regarding the useof safety gea

48、r.7.2.6 Indicate there is an inherent risk in the participation ofskatepark activities. Users of skateparks, by participation,accept the risks inherent in such participation of which theordinary prudent person is or should be aware. Users have aduty to exercise good judgment and act in a responsible

49、 mannerwhile using the skatepark and obey all oral or written warnings,or both, prior to or during participation, or both.7.2.7 Indicate users have a duty not to participate in or onany skatepark while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.7.2.8 Shall be readily visible to the intended viewers/usersas in accordance with Section 8.2 and Annex B3.28: B3.29 andB3.2.11-13 of ANSI 2535.4.7.2.9 Sign type shall be the same style as in accordance withANSI 2535.4B.FIG. 1 Coping ExampleF24800638. Maintenance8.1 SkateparkThe designer or manufacturer or