1、Designation: F2497 05 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Practice forAbrasion and Scuff Resistance of Inkjet Media by theSutherland Rub Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2497; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTERevised the units presentation and added a units statement editorially in October 2011.1. Scope1.1 Thi
3、s practice covers a procedure for determining theabrasion resistance of printed and unprinted inkjet media usingthe Sutherland Rub Tester, or its equivalent, equipped withfull-width rubber pads and using standardized receptors.1.2 This practice is applicable to printed and unprintedinkjet media.1.3
4、The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associat
5、ed with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5264 Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materi-als
6、by the Sutherland Rub Tester3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasion resistanceability of a printed surface toresist mechanical destruction.3.1.2 abrasivenessthe degree to which another materialcan abrade the surface of the test specimen.3.1.3 Ink jet mediarefe
7、r to recording elements used by inkjet printers to receive inks. The substrate may be paper, plastic,canvas, fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substratemay, or may not, be coated with an ink receptive layer(s).3.1.4 Microporous ink jet media refer to ink media havingink absorbing micropor
8、ous layer(s).3.1.5 receptorfilm, paper, or fabric of a specified abra-siveness onto which coatings (for example, ink or protectivecoating) removed from the specimen are deposited during theabrasion test. An example of a receptor is a fine grade crocuscloth or the backside of the inkjet media being e
9、valuated.3.1.6 scuffnggloss change of ink jet media under appliedpressure.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The inkjet media is mounted on top of the rubber pad onthe Sutherland base and the receptor is cut to fit the 2-lb(0.91-kg) or the 4-lb (1.81-kg) weight (depending on whichone is being used). The rece
10、ptor is mounted to the weight. Thespecimen is rubbed for a total of approximately 10 cycles (20strokes) at a rate of 43 cycle/min, where a cycle is oneback-and-forth stroke. The number of cycles is preset on theSutherland Timer. The weight is mounted on the Sutherlandand the machine is turned on. Th
11、e Sutherland will shut offautomatically when the desired number of cycles is completed.4.2 The test specimen is removed from the Sutherland baseand examined for degree of print degradation by measuring thechange in gloss, density, or change in physical appearance. Thereceptor is analyzed for the amo
12、unt of ink or coating trans-ferred from the specimen. Results are compared to an untestedspecimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes criticalproperty of printed materials. Abrasion damage can occurduring shipment, storage, handling, and end use. The result is
13、a significant decrease in product appearance and legibility ofproduct information. The amount of abrasion damage to aprinted substrate is dependent on shipping conditions, possiblytemperature and humidity, time, and many other variables. Thispractice provides a way of comparing abrasion resistance o
14、fprinted materials under laboratory conditions.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved
15、 in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F249705. DOI:10.1520/F2497-05R11e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
16、y page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 This practice also can be used to evaluate the relativeabrasion and scuff resistance of printed and unprinted inkjetmedia.5.3 This practice can provide a r
17、easonably simple procedurethat can be used by both the buyer and the seller of printedmaterials to determine if the product offered for sale meetssome predetermined standard for abrasion or scuff resistance.6. Interferences6.1 Since the abrasion resistance of inkjet inks and mediamay be dependent on
18、 temperature and humidity, it is importantthat the measurements be made under the conditions appropri-ate to the end use applications6.2 Abrasion resistance should be measured within thetemperature and humidity ranges specified by the printer ormedia manufacturer.6.3 The abrasion resistance of print
19、ed inkjet media isdependent on the printing mode, the type of color, and theamount of applied ink.6.4 Microporous ink jet media tends to be particularlysensitive to scuffing.7. Apparatus7.1 Sutherland Rub Tester, as specified in Practice D5264.8. Materials8.1 Standard receptors cut to fit the Suther
20、land ReceptorBlock minimum of 2 by 4 in. (51 by 102 mm) and fastenedwith double-sided pressure-sensitive tape such that it coversthe entire bottom surface of the block. An appropriate receptorshould be selected in accordance with 9.2.8.1.1 Unprinted sheet of substrate,8.1.2 Printed sheet of substrat
21、e,8.1.3 Double-sided Pressure-sensitive tape or any double-sided tape suitable for holding the sample without interferingwith the operation of the tester.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Set the Sutherland Rub Tester on a sturdy bench,preferably in a room conditioned at about 73.4 F (23 C) and50 % rel
22、ative humidity.9.2 If test criteria have not been specified, select an appro-priate receptor by running an agreed-upon reference materialfor the number of strokes required to achieve a visible level ofdegradation.10. Specimen Preparation and Conditioning10.1 The specimen should preferably be a flat
23、sample withno scoring, ridges, or other surface irregularities. Further, intesting multiple samples, it is important that each has compa-rable, if not identical, ink coverage and ink density.10.2 The method of printing, ink, ink laydown, and han-dling of printed samples shall be consistent with the
24、anticipatedend use.10.3 The test image may be generated with personal com-puter word processing, drawing/graphics, or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each printer/method of printing(contributing its unique ink and ink/receiver interactions thatmay impact drying time), trial-printed,
25、 and evaluated forappropriate ink letdown (purity and amount) and ease ofprinting and testing. Each print file should have its filename,type, and version identified in the image area and a place forexperimental notes (such as, time, printer, environmentalconditions, operator). The printer settings a
26、nd a trial print ofeach print file version should be archived.10.4 An unprinted sample and a sample with the test imageconsisting of a solid color patch of cyan, magenta, yellow, red,green, blue, and black ink shall be tested. The printed sampleshould be allowed to dry for 24 h prior to testing.10.5
27、 Cut the specimen 3 by 6 in. (76 by 152 mm) wheneverpossible. Smaller samples may be tested as long as they aremounted toa3by6-in. (76 by 152-mm) template.10.6 Care should be taken to avoid contaminating thesample with fingerprints during handling.10.7 Condition the specimen at 73.4 F (23 C) and 50%
28、relative humidity unless otherwise agreed upon.10.8 Prior to testing the specimens, measure the density ofcolors, surface gloss at 20 and 60 degrees and examine thephysical appearance of the specimens.11. Procedure11.1 Mount a 3 by 6-in. (76 by 152-mm) rubber pad both ontop of the Sutherland base as
29、 well as to the bottom face of thedetectable receptor block.NOTE 1This pad will need periodic replacing as the rubber becomesbrittle due to oxidation or if the rubber wears off the pad. This periodicreplacing is also true of the pads that come with the Sutherland receptorweight. Failure to replace w
30、orn pads could result in distorted test results.The pad face should be uniformly flat (level) with a Shore A durometer of1565.NOTE 2For scuff resistance softer pads are recommended.11.2 Attach the test specimen to the rubber pad on theSutherland base with the test surface face exposed.11.3 Attach th
31、e receptor to the receptor block. Receptors cutto a 178-mm length (51-mm width) can be held in place by theclamps on the sides of the block, while shorter receptors(minimum of 102-mm length) should be held in place bypressure-sensitive double-sided tape.NOTE 3The choice of receptor block weight is b
32、ased on the type ofsubstrate and ink being tested. The heavier weight, 4.0 lb (1.82 kg), isappropriate for samples that experience severe shipping and handlingconditions. The receptor may be the backside of the test specimen, acrocus cloth, or another abrasive material.11.4 Lightly brush the sample
33、and receptor with a camelshair anti-static brush to remove any potentially abrasiveparticles from the surface.11.5 Place the block in the receptor block holder.11.6 Preset the dial on the Sutherland Rub Tester to thedesired number of strokes.11.7 Turn the Sutherland on. It will automatically shut of
34、fwhen the preset number of strokes has been completed.11.8 Repeat 11.1-11.8 with each test specimen.12. Evaluation12.1 Examine each specimen for degree of degradation andeach receptor for the amount of coating or ink, or both,transferred from the specimen.F2497 05 (2011)1212.2 Measure the density of
35、 colors and the 20 and 60 degreegloss of the specimens after the Rub Test (average of 3measurements) and record the density and gloss change fromthe measurement prior to rubbing.12.3 Report test conditions and results for abrasion usingpredetermined criteria established by the interested parties.13.
36、 Report13.1 Report the following information13.1.1 Sample identification, including the printer, methodof printing, and the media type.13.1.2 The change in density and gloss after rubbing thesample.13.1.3 Any change in physical appearance or receptormaterial.14. Keywords14.1 abrasion; gloss; ink; In
37、kjet media; printing; rub; scuff-ing; SutherlandASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
38、 and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for rev
39、ision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you
40、 shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2497 05 (2011)13
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