ASTM F2507-2015 Standard Specification for Recreational Airpark Design《休闲小型机场设计的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: F2507 15Standard Specification forRecreational Airpark Design1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2507; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese

2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements forthe design of a recreational airpark intended to service anyaircraft with stall speeds (Vs1) of 45 kn

3、ots or less. Theseaircraft include but are not limited to, standard categoryaircraft, light sport aircraft, ultralights, microlights, and ad-vanced ultralights1.2 Recreational airparks are designed for daylight opera-tions from 60 min before official sunrise to 60 min after officialsunset.1.3 Recrea

4、tional Airparks may provide commercial servicesin support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft,including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductoryflights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf

5、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4814 Specification for Automot

6、ive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con-taining a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentF2317/F2317M Specification for Design of Weight-Shift-Control AircraftF2352 Specification for Design and Performance of LightSport Gyroplane AircraftF2244 Specification for Design a

7、nd Performance Require-ments for Powered Parachute AircraftF2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport Airplane2.2 FAA Documents:3FAA Form 7460-1 Notice of Proposed Construction orAlterationFAR Part 157 Notification of Construction, Alteration,Activation, and Deactivation of Airpo

8、rtsAC 150-5300-13A Advisory Circular for Airport Design2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPAStandard No. 30 Flammable and Combustible LiquidsCode3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 airport elevationhighest point on the surface of anairports usable runway.3.1.2 civil aviation authority (CAA)government whichhas reg

9、ulatory oversight for aircraft operations/safety in thecountry which the airport is located; for example, United States Federal Aviation Administration.3.1.3 NFPANational Fire Protection Association.3.1.4 runway protection zone (RPZ)area off the runwayend to enhance the protection of people and prop

10、erty on theground.3.1.5 runway safety area (RSA)defined surface surround-ing the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk ofdamage to aircraft in the event of an undershoot, overshoot orexcursion from the runway.3.1.6 taxiway (TW)defined path established for the taxiingof aircraft from one

11、part of an airpark to another.3.1.7 taxiway safety area (TSA)defined surface alongsidethe taxiway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk ofdamage to an aircraft unintentionally departing the taxiway.3.1.8 threshold (TH)beginning of that portion of therunway available for landing.4. Significance

12、of Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to establish mini-mum standards for an airpark on which light aircraft designed1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on LightSport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on CrossCutting.Current edi

13、tion approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2507 05 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F2507-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book

14、of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269

15、-9101.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1in accordance with Specifications F2317/F2317M, F2352,F2244, F2245, and other similar aircraft may safely operate.5. Site Requirements5.1 GeneralAn airpark site should take into co

16、nsiderationthe need to ensure safe approaches and departures of aircraft.5.1.1 Each facility shall have a means by which a person cancontact an appropriate authority in case of an emergency. Oneexample would be a public phone.5.1.2 Each facility shall have a functioning wind sock.5.1.3 The grading o

17、f the airport shall be such that allshoulders and slopes drain away from runways, taxiways, andall paved areas. Surfaces within the RSA and TSA shall begraded so as not to present a hazard to aircraft due to excursionfrom the runway or taxiway surfaces.5.1.4 An airport should have smooth, well drain

18、ed opera-tional areas with sufficient stability to permit the safe move-ment of recreational aircraft.5.1.5 U.S. Federal RequirementsNotification of the intentto establish an airpark is required under the provisions of FARPart 157. FAA Form 7480-1, which is used to provide thisnotice (as well as gui

19、dance in its preparation), is available fromany FAA Regional Airports Division or Airports District/FieldOffice.5.1.6 Local RequirementsMost communities have estab-lished zoning laws, building codes, fire regulations, and otherlegal requirements to provide for the safety and comfort of thecitizenry.

20、 A thorough study of these requirements should bemade to determine their effect on the establishment andoperation of an airpark.6. Airpark Geometry6.1 Runway location and orientation are important to airportsafety, efficiency, economics, and environmental impact. Theweight and degree of concern give

21、n to each of the followingfactors depend, in part, on: the meteorological conditions; thesurrounding environment; topography; and the volume of airtraffic expected at the airpark.6.2 WindAppendix X1 provides information on wind dataanalysis for airport planning and design. Such an analysisconsiders

22、the wind velocity and direction as related to theexisting and forecasted operations. It may also consider windby time of day.6.3 Airspace AvailabilityCheck with the respective CivilAviation Authority to ensure the airpark location will notinterfere with existing and planned approach and departurepro

23、cedures, control zones, special use airspace, restrictedairspace, and traffic patterns currently established for otheraviation facilities.6.4 Obstructions to Air NavigationAn obstruction surveyshould identify those objects that may affect aircraft opera-tions. Approaches free of obstructions are des

24、irable andencouraged, but as a minimum, locate and orient runways toensure that the approach areas associated with the ultimatedevelopment of the airport are clear of hazards to air naviga-tion.6.5 Wildlife HazardsIn orienting runways, consider therelative locations of bird sanctuaries, sanitary lan

25、dfills, or otherareas that may attract large numbers of birds or wildlife.7. Runway Design and Marking7.1 Runway Dimensions:7.1.1 Airparks Supporting Light Sport Airplanes, Weight-Shift, or Gyroplane Aircraft, or a Combination Thereof:7.1.1.1 Minimum length (LR) is to be twice the demon-strated or p

26、ublished minimum landing and takeoff distancerequirements of the aircraft to be served or 275 m (902 ft) atsea level, whichever is greater. Runway lengths for airparkslocated at elevations above sea level should be increased asnecessary to accommodate the landing and takeoff distancerequirements of

27、the aircraft to be served at the airportselevation. In the absence of a more rational calculation, anincrease of 25 m (82 ft) per 300 m (984 ft) of elevation may beused. Runway length is measured from the landing threshold tothe threshold at the end of the landing distance available. SeeFig. 1.7.1.1

28、.2 Width shall be a minimum of 10 m (33 ft) forunpaved runways and a minimum of 6 m (19.7 ft) for pavedrunways.7.1.1.3 A minimum runway safety area (RSA) with a widthof 32 m (104 ft) centered over the runway centerline andextending 75 m (246 ft) past each runway threshold shall beestablished. See Fi

29、g. 2.7.1.1.4 Except for runway markings flush with the surfaceand frangible navigational markings (runway edge lights, etc.),no structure, trees, road, or designated vehicle or aircraftparking area shall be located within the runway safety area.7.1.1.5 For approach end of runways, a runway protectio

30、nzone (RPZ) shall be maintained clear of obstructions inaccordance with the following description:(1) No object shall penetrate the RPZ. The RPZ is animaginary surface that starts at the runway landing threshold atthe elevation of the runway centerline and slopes upward at aslope of 15 (horizontal)

31、to 1 (vertical). See Fig. 2.(2) In the plan view, the centerline of the RPZ extends 230m (750 ft) along the extended runway centerline starting at therunway landing threshold. This surface extends laterally 16 m(52 ft) on each side of the runway centerline starting at therunway threshold and increas

32、es in width to 120 m (400 ft) at apoint 230 m (750 ft) from the landing threshold at an elevationof 15 m (50 ft) above the elevation of the landing threshold.See Fig. 2.(3) The RPZ is intended to protect the approach/departureends of the runway from obstructions due to future potentialland developme

33、nt airpark owners should therefore strive tocontrol the land below the RPZ by ownership or surface lease.(4) For the purpose of establishing the RPZ, any vehicle oraircraft movement area including taxiways, aircraft run-upareas, cart paths, and roadways and highways shall be consid-ered an obstructi

34、on equal to a height of 4.3 m (14 ft).7.1.2 Powered Parachute Designated Landing Area (seeFig. 3):7.1.2.1 Airparks establishing a separate landing area forpowered parachutes shall designate a circular landing area witha minimum radius of 45 m (147 ft). See Fig. 3.F2507 1527.1.2.2 A safety area with

35、a radius of a minimum of 76 m(249 ft) shall be established. See Fig. 3.7.1.2.3 In cases where 95 % or greater of the daytimeprevailing winds occur within a 60 arc or the inverse of thatNOTE 1Not to scaleFIG. 1 Runway LengthThresholdNOTE 1Not to scaleFIG. 2 Safety AreasF2507 153arc, or both, the cros

36、swind segment of both the landing areaand safety area may be reduced. The reduced width ismeasured as a width either side of a straight line drawn in thecenter of the 60 arc of 26 m (85 ft) for the landing area and 44m (144 ft) for the safety area. See Fig. 4.7.1.2.4 Except for runway and navigation

37、al marking, nostructure, trees, road, or designated aircraft parking area shouldbe located within the runway safety area.7.1.2.5 The designated landing area for powered parachutesmay overlap a runway as described in 7.1, where an airparkoperator wishes to support both types of aircraft on the samela

38、nding surfaces.7.1.2.6 If prevailing winds allow and an airpark owner sodesignates, the airpark may support powered parachute landingtraffic on a runway in place of a powered parachute landingarea.7.2 Runways should be marked with white paint or whitecolored break-off markers such as plastic highway

39、 cones, orboth.7.3 Runways shall be clear and graded and have no poten-tially hazardous ruts, humps, depressions, or other abruptsurface variations.7.4 Runways shall be graded to divert surface water runoffoff the runway and into a drainage system.8. Taxiway Design and Marking8.1 GeneralAn airpark i

40、s not required to have taxiways. Iftaxiways are established, then the following minimum stan-dards shall be met.8.1.1 Each taxiway shall be at least 3 m (10 ft) wide.8.2 Each taxiway shall have a taxiway safety area with awidth of 15 m (50 ft) centered over the taxiway centerline. TheTSA shall not o

41、verlap the RSA.8.3 Except for taxiway and navigational marking, nostructure, trees, or designated aircraft parking area should belocated within the taxiway safety area.NOTE 1Not to scaleFIG. 3 Powered Parachute Landing AreaF2507 1548.4 Taxiways edges should be marked with blue coloredmarkers such as

42、 plastic highway cones or break-off markers.9. Threshold Siting9.1 GeneralThe thresholds should be located at the be-ginning of the marked runway surface. However, displacementof the landing threshold may be required when an object thatobstructs the airspace required for approaching aircraft isbeyon

43、d the airport owners power to remove, relocate, orlower. Thresholds may also be displaced for environmentalconsiderations, such as noise abatement.9.1.1 Runway landing thresholds shall be placed so that noobstruction shall penetrate the RPZ. For the purpose ofestablishing the landing threshold, the

44、inclined plane of theRPZ shall be extended at a constant width of 120 m (400 ft)centered along the extended runway centerline for the distancerequired to reach traffic pattern altitude.9.1.1.1 Should there be an obstruction that will penetrate theRPZ that cannot be removed, the landing threshold may

45、 bedisplaced from the physical runway end at a distance necessaryto meet RPZ obstacle clearance requirements, leaving theremainder of the physical runway available for takeoff opera-tions or maximum landing distance available from the oppositedirection. In this case the physical runway length must b

46、eextended as necessary to maintain minimum landing distancerequirements from the displaced landing threshold. Displacedlanding thresholds must be clearly marked to prevent landingsprior to reaching the displaced landing threshold.10. Buildings and Airplane Parking10.1 GeneralBuildings, aircraft hang

47、ars, vehicle and air-craft parking areas, and any other permanent structures are tobe placed a minimum of 45 m (149 ft) from the runwaycenterline.10.2 An area to park automobiles should be provided.10.3 In addition to auto parking, parking should be providedthat facilitates the loading and unloading

48、 of trailered aircraft.11. Traffic Patterns11.1 Airpark owners and operators are responsible forestablishing traffic patterns. In some cases, coordination withthe local civil aviation authority is also required.NOTE 1Not to scaleFIG. 4 Powered Parachute Landing AreaF2507 15511.1.1 Light sport airpla

49、nes, weight-shift, and gyroplanesgenerally fly a rectangular pattern. Pattern altitude will typi-cally be 152.4 m (500 ft) or greater above the altitude of theairport but may be lower.11.1.1.1 In no case shall any obstruction to air trafficpenetrate the floor of the minimum pattern altitude.11.2 Powered parachute aircraft require patterns that allowan approach to landing that is as near as practical directly intothe wind.11.3 The airpark owner shall post a diagram and instructionsdescribing the local pattern in a conspicuous manner in aconspicuou