1、Designation: F 2517 09Standard Specification forDetermination of Child Resistance of Portable FuelContainers for Consumer Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2517; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes recognized requirementsfor determining the child resistance of portable
3、gasoline,kerosene, and diesel containers intended for use by consumers.This specification does not cover single-trip prepackagedcontainers.1.2 This specification includes gas/oil mixtures as com-monly used for two-cycle engines.1.3 This specification includes single- and multi-compartment containers
4、.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass
5、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 852 Specification for Portable Gasoline Containers for
6、Consumer UseF 976 Specification for Portable Kerosene and Diesel Con-tainers for Consumer UseF 2234 Specification for Spill Resistant Fueling Systems forPortable Fuel Containers for Consumer Use3. Requirements3.1 General Requirements:3.1.1 Containers and closures shall first meet all require-ments o
7、f Specifications F 852 and F 976 where applicable, andalso those feasible and appropriate test requirements of Speci-fication F 2234 capable of being adapted to portable fuelcontainers having CR closures, including ultraviolet (UV)exposure (5.13.1) and immersion (5.11) tests of the closures.3.1.2 Co
8、ntainers, components, and closures shall be newwith container half full of water for testing in accordance withSections 4 and 5.3.1.3 Individual containers, closed with closures shall betested as described in Section 4 after having been subjected, insequence, to:3.1.3.1 Low-temperature exposure at 0
9、F (17.8C) for 8 h.3.1.3.2 Elevated temperature exposure at 140F (60C) for 8h.3.1.3.3 Opening and closing of each closure for 250 cycles.3.1.4 Containers shall then be inverted and inspected visu-ally before and after testing to determine any leakage.3.1.5 Containers tested by the methods described i
10、n Sec-tions 4 and 5 shall meet the following specifications:3.1.5.1 Child-resistant effectiveness for each and everyclosure on a container. of not less than 85 %, without ademonstration, and not less than 80 % after a demonstration, ofthe proper means of opening when 200 children are tested perclosu
11、re.3.1.5.2 Senior Adult TestContainers shall have a senioradult-use effectiveness (SAUE) of not less than 90 % for thesenior adult panel test of Section 5 for all closures of thecontainer.4. Test Procedure4.1 General:4.1.1 For testing in accordance with Section 4, containerswith multiple closures sh
12、all have each closure tested sepa-rately. Closure(s) not being tested shall be sealed off so theywill not function but will appear as they would normally.4.1.2 Reclosable containers, if assembled by the testingagency, shall be properly secured at least 72 h before beginningthe test to allow the mate
13、rials (for example, the closure liner)to “take a set.” Torque-dependent closures shall be secured atthe same torque as applied normally by adult consumers.4.1.3 All containers shall be handled so that no damage orjarring will occur during storage or transportation.4.1.4 The containers shall be teste
14、d at room temperature(2214 C).4.2 Child-Resistant Test (Test Subjects/Selection Criteria):1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.10 onStandards for Flammable Liquid Containers.Current edition approv
15、ed June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 2517 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer t
16、o the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2.1 Use from 1 to 4 groups of 50 children, as requiredunder the sequential testing criteria in Table 1.4.2.2 No more than 20 %
17、 of the children in each group shallbe tested at or obtained from any given site.4.2.3 Each group of children shall be randomly selected asto age, subject to the limitations set forth below.4.2.4 Thirty percent of the children in each group shall be ofage 42 to 44 months, 40 % of the children in eac
18、h group shallbe of age 45 to 48 months, and 30 % of the children in eachgroup shall be of age 49 to 51 months.4.2.5 The childrens ages in months shall be calculated asfollows:4.2.5.1 Arrange the birth date and test date by the numericaldesignations for month, day, and year (for example, test date:8/
19、3/1990; birth date: 6/23/1986).4.2.5.2 Subtract the month, day, and year numbers for thebirth date from the respective numbers for the test date. It ispossible that this will result in negative numbers for the monthsor days.4.2.5.3 Multiply the difference in years by 12 to obtain thenumber of months
20、 in the difference in years and add this valueto the number of months that was obtained when the birth datewas subtracted from the test date (that is, 4 3 12 = 48; 48 + 2= 50). This figure either will remain the same or be adjusted upor down by one month, depending on the number of daysobtained in t
21、he subtraction of the birth date from the test date.4.2.5.4 If the number of days obtained by subtracting thedays in the birth date from the days in the test date is +16 ormore, one month is added to the number of months obtainedabove. If the number of days is 16 or less, subtract l month.If the num
22、ber of days is between 15 and +15 inclusive, nochange is made in the number of months.Thus, for the examplegiven above, the number of days is 20 and the number ofmonths is therefore 501=49months.4.2.5.5 The difference between the number of boys and thenumber of girls in each age range shall not exce
23、ed 10 % of thenumber of children in that range. Select children without anobvious or overt physical or mental handicap.4.3 Child-Resistant Tests (Test Failures)A test failureshall be any child who opens the closure or gains access to thecontainers contents.4.4 Sequential TestThe sequential test is i
24、nitially con-ducted using 50 children, and depending on the results, thecriteria in Table 1 determines whether the container is eitherchild resistant or not child resistant or whether further testingis required. Further testing is required if the results areinconclusive and involves the use of one o
25、r more additionalgroups of 50 children each, up to a maximum of 200 children.No individual shall administer the test to more than 30 % of thechildren tested in each group. Table 1 gives the acceptance(pass), continue testing, and rejection (fail) criteria to be usedfor the first 5 min and the full 1
26、0 min of the childrens test. Ifthe test continues past the initial 50-child panel, the containeropenings shown in Table 1 are cumulative.4.5 Test ProceduresThe children shall be divided intogroups of two. The testing shall be done in a location that isfamiliar to the children, for example, their cus
27、tomary nurseryschool or regular kindergarten. No child shall test more thantwo closures. When more than one closure is being tested, eachclosure shall be dissimilar, and they shall be presented to thepaired children in random order. This order shall be recorded.The children shall be tested by the pr
28、ocedure incorporated inthe following test instructions:4.6 Detailed Standardized Child Test Instructions:4.6.1 The children shall have no overt physical or mentalhandicaps. No child with a permanent or temporary illness,injury, or handicap that would interfere with his/her effectiveparticipation sha
29、ll be included in the test.4.6.2 The testing shall take place in a well-lit location that isfamiliar to the children and is isolated from all distractions.4.6.3 The tester, or another adult, shall escort a pair ofchildren to the test area. The tester shall seat the two childrenso that there is no vi
30、sual barrier between the children and thetester.4.6.4 The tester shall talk to the children to make them feelat ease.4.6.5 The children shall not be given the impression thatthey are in a race or contest. They are not to be told that the testis a game or that it is fun. They are not to be offered a
31、reward.4.6.6 The tester shall record all data before, or after, the testso that full attention can be on the children during the testperiod.4.6.7 The tester shall use a stopwatch(s) or other timingdevices to time the number of seconds it takes the child to openthe container and to time the 5-min tes
32、t periods.4.6.8 To begin the test, the tester shall hand the childrenidentical containers, indicate by gesture which opening is beingtested and say, “Please try to open this for me.”4.6.9 If a child refuses to participate after the test hasstarted, the tester shall reassure the child and gently enco
33、uragethe child to try. If the child continues to refuse, the tester shallask the child to hold the container in his/her lap until the otherchild is finished. This pair of children shall not be eliminatedfrom the results unless the refusing child disrupts the partici-pation of the other child.TABLE 1
34、 Number of Closure Openings: Acceptance (Pass), Continue Testing, and Rejection (Fail) Criteria for the First 5 min and theFull 10 min of the Childrens Protocol TestTestPanelCumulativeNumber ofChildrenClosure OpeningsFirst 5 min Full 10 minPass Continue Fail Pass Continue Fail1 50 03 410 11+ 05 614
35、15+2 100 410 1118 19+ 615 1624 25+3 150 1118 1925 26+ 1625 2634 35+4 200 1930 31+ 2640 41+F25170924.6.10 Each child shall be given up to 5 min to open his/hercontainer. The tester shall watch the children at all times duringthe test. The tester shall minimize conversation with thechildren as long as
36、 they continue to attempt to open theircontainers. The tester shall not discourage the children verballyor with facial expressions. If a child gets frustrated or boredand stops trying to open his/her container, the tester shallreassure the child and gently encourage the child to keep trying(for exam
37、ple, “Please try to open the container”).4.6.11 The children shall be allowed freedom of movementto work on their containers as long as the tester can watch bothchildren (for example, they can stand up, get down on the floor,or bang or pry the package).4.6.12 If a child is endangering himself or oth
38、ers at anytime, the test shall be stopped and the pair of childreneliminated from the final results.4.6.13 The children shall be allowed to talk to each otherabout opening the containers and shall be allowed to watcheach other try to open the containers.4.6.14 A child shall not be allowed to try to
39、open the otherchilds container.4.6.15 If a child opens his/her container, the tester shall say,“thank you,” take the container from the child and put it out ofthe childs reach. The child shall not be asked to open thecontainer a second time.4.6.16 At the end of the 5-min period, the tester shalldemo
40、nstrate how to open the container if either child has notopened his or her container. A separate “demo” package shallbe used for the demonstration.4.6.17 Before beginning the demonstration, the tester shallask the children to set their containers aside. The children shallnot be allowed to continue t
41、o try to open their containers duringthe demonstration period.4.6.18 The tester shall say, “Watch me open my container.”4.6.19 Once the tester gets the childrens full attention, thetester shall hold the demo container approximately 2 ft (0.6 m)from the children and open the container at a normal spe
42、ed asif the tester were going to use the contents. There shall be noexaggerated opening movements.4.6.20 The tester shall not discuss or describe how to openthe container.4.6.21 To begin the second 5-min period, the tester shall say,“Now you try to open your containers.”4.6.22 If one or both childre
43、n have not used their teeth to tryto open their containers during the first 5 min, the tester shallsay immediately before beginning the second 5-min period,“You can use your teeth if you want to.” This is the onlystatement that the tester shall make about using teeth.4.6.23 At the end of the test pe
44、riod, the tester shall say,“Thank you for helping.” If children were told that they coulduse their teeth, the tester shall say, “I know I told you that youcould use your teeth today, but you should not put things likethis in your mouth again.” In addition, the tester shall say,“Never open containers
45、 like this when you are by yourself. Thiskind of container might have something in it that would yousick.”4.6.24 The children shall be escorted back to their class-room or other supervised area by the tester or another adult.4.6.25 If the children are to participate in a second test, thetester shall
46、 have them stand up and stretch for a short timebefore beginning the second test. The tester shall take care thatthe children do not disrupt other tests in progress.5. Senior Testing5.1 Senior Adult Panel, Test SubjectsUse a group of 100senior adults. Not more than 24 % of the senior adults testedsh
47、all be obtained from or tested at any one site. Each group ofsenior adults shall be randomly selected as to age, subject tothe limitations set forth below. Twenty-five percent of theparticipants shall be 50 to 54 years of age, 25 % of participantsshall be 55 to 59 years of age, and 50 % of the parti
48、cipants shallbe 60 to 70 years old. Seventy percent of the participants ofages 50 to 59 and ages 60 to 70 shall be female (17 or 18females shall be apportioned to the 50- to 54-year age group).No individual tester shall administer the test to more than 35 %of the senior adults tested. Select adults
49、with no obvious orovert physical or mental disability.5.2 Screening ProceduresParticipants who are unable toopen the container being tested in the first 5-min time periodare given a screening test. The screening tests for this purposeshall use two containers with conventional (not child-resistant(CR) or “special”) closures.The containers shall be the same asthose being tested for child resistance but shall have conven-tional (not child-resistant) closures. Persons who cannot openand close both of the screening containers in 1-min screeningtests s
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