1、Designation: F 2542 05Standard Test Methods forPhysical Assault on Ventilation Grilles for Detention andCorrectional Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2542; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover requirements for simulatedservice tests and testing equipment for determini
3、ng the perfor-mance characteristics of ventilation grilles used in secure areas,including detention and correctional facilities. The testingequipment provides for the setup and testing of specimengrilles and mounting systems. It is recognized that, in order tomeet the intent of these test methods, v
4、entilation grilles mustbe compatible with the level of performance require by TestMethods F 2322.1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to ensure thatsecurity ventilation grilles meet minimum performance levelsto control the passage of unauthorized materials into secureareas, to confine inmates,
5、 to resist vandalism, and to delay orfrustrate escape, or both. It is also the responsibility of the userof these test methods to insure that the grille selected isappropriate, based on relevant regulatory, health, and safetyconcerns and requirements. Such concerns include, but are notlimited to, in
6、jury and suicide avoidance. These test methods donot quantify such concerns.1.3 Take care to provide access to return and exhaust ductsfor cleaning as required by NFPA 90A. If access cannot beprovided though an interstitial space behind walls or ceiling,the use of filter grilles needs to be consider
7、ed as an option.When filter grilles are provided, filters shall have a minimumUL-900 class 2 rating, and a filter replacement program needsto be in place at the facility.1.4 Airflow performance shall be catalogued in accordancewith ASHRAE 7091. Manufacturers catalog data must in-clude grade level ac
8、hieved.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if an
9、y, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 2322 Test Methods for Physical Assault on Vertic
10、al FixedBarriers for Detention and Correctional Facilities2.2 NFPA Standard:3NFPA 90A Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioningand Ventilating Systems2.3 UL Standard:4UL-900 Standard for Air Filter Units2.4 ASHRAE Standard:5ASHRAE 7091 Method of Testing for Rating the Perfor-mance of Air Out
11、lets and Inlets3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 barsmethod of reinforcement or prevention ofegress installed in the sleeve. Bars may be of a material, size,shape, and spacing as selected by the manufacturer to providethe desired test results and meet applicable federal, state, andlocal jail and p
12、rison standards.3.1.2 diffuserceiling-mounted device designed to providedeflection of air flow.3.1.3 filter grillegrille incorporating a replaceable filter inthe grille sleeve or body.3.1.4 forcible egressopening created in the specimenwhich allowsa5in.3 8 in. 3 8 in. (127 mm 3 203 mm 3 2031These te
13、st methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 onDetention and Correctional Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee F33.04 on Detention Hardware.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w
14、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.4Available from
15、 Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.5Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.mm) rigid rectangular box to be passed through with force notexceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).3.1.5 grille, security grille, or ventilation grilledeviceinstalled to allow passage of air while protecting ventilationopenings.3.1.6 grille faceportion of g
17、rille exposed to the occupiedspace.3.1.7 manufacturerparty responsible for the construction,fabrication, or supply of the test specimens used to conduct thetests.3.1.8 mounting methodmethod of retaining a device in awall or ceiling. Typical methods may include angles welded tothe sleeve, a sleeve fo
18、rmed to capture the wall or ceiling, orimbed masonry anchors, or both.3.1.9 openingspassageways in the grille face, allowingflow of air through a device.3.1.10 sleeveportion of the grille that attaches to the facethat can be used to connect ductwork, and provide a means toaffix the grille into the w
19、all, ceiling, or structure.3.1.11 suicide avoidancepunched plate with through pen-etrations not exceeding316 in. diameter, or another acceptabletechnology, such as multiple passageways, as deemed accept-able by the approving authority.3.1.12 test completionconduct one test sequence for eachgrille.3.
20、1.13 testing laboratoryaccredited independent thirdparty testing laboratory.3.1.14 transfer grilledevice with two exposed faces serv-ing adjacent spaces, providing a means for air movement fromone space to the other, due to room pressure differences.3.1.15 vandalismopening created in the specimen wh
21、ichallows a 2 in. (51 mm) rigid cube to be passed through withforce not exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).4. Significance and Use4.1 A major concern for administration officials is securityof barriers used in detention/correctional facilities. These testmethods are designed to identify the security levels f
22、orventilation grilles mounted within these barriers.4.2 The purpose of these tests is to approximate levels ofabuse to which grilles will potentially be subjected in the field,and to provide assurance of protection to the public, facilityadministrative personnel, and inmates.5. Sampling5.1 Specimens
23、 shall be constructed in accordance with 6.1and shall be representative of grilles made by the manufacturer.5.2 One specimen for of size 16 3 16 in. (406 3 406 mm)to be offered for each grade.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Construction:6.1.1 Grilles must be available in 4 in. (101 mm) incre-ments. Manuf
24、acturers shall be permitted to offer intermediatesizes also, at their discretion.6.1.2 Openings in face shall not exceed316 in. (4.76 mm)diameter. Multiple passageways with316 in. (4.76 mm) maxi-mum openings are also acceptable.6.1.3 Air flow performance shall be cataloged in accordancewith ASHRAE S
25、tandard 70-91 and need to include filterpressure loss if the grille is so equipped.6.1.4 Where bars are required for purpose of testing, theymust be located no more than 5 in. (127 mm) maximum behindface.6.2 Test FixtureFixture shall be fabricated of structuralsteel, shall be large enough to accommo
26、date the specimen andallow for mounting of the specimen in a method common todetention and corrections installations.7. ProceduresVANDALISM PRYING TEST7.1 ScopeSimulate attack with common hand tools.7.2 Significance and UseCrowbar, screwdriver, and pliersare used to remove face or create an opening.
27、7.3 Apparatus:7.3.1 A 10 in. (254 mm) screwdriver,7.3.2 A 24 in. (610 m) crowbar, and7.3.3 A 8 in. (203 m) pliers.7.3.4 Procedure:7.3.4.1 Test must be conducted prior to the VandalismImpact Test.7.3.4.2 Specimen must remain in fixture for use in theVandalism Impact Test.7.3.4.3 Attack grille with to
28、ols for time required in Table 1.7.3.4.4 Specimen is exposed to the Prying Test at eachsuccessive grade level. The specimen is deemed to have failedif a 2 in. (51 mm) cube can be passed through any opening inthe face with a force not exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N). Thespecimen will be classed at the high
29、est Vandalism Prying Testgrade level achieved prior to failure.7.3.4.5 Transfer grilles must have both faces of a singlespecimen tested for the appropriate grade. If the grille issymmetrical in all aspects of construction and mountingmethod, then testing on one face is permitted for Grade Levels3 an
30、d 4.VANDALISM IMPACT TEST7.4 ScopeThis test is designed to evaluate the ability of aspecimen to resist an attack that uses common hand tools.7.5 Significance and UseThis test method is designed tosimulate a field situation where a 10 lb (4.54 kg) sledgehammeris used to attack the grille face. Specim
31、en must resist attackwithout allowing passage of a 2 in. (51 mm) cube through thegrille face with a force not exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).7.6 Apparatus:TABLE 1 Security LevelGrade1Grade2Grade3Grade4Vandalism PryingTest45min30min20min10minVandalism ImpactTest200blows150blows100blows50blowsEgress Test 4
32、00additionalblows200additionalblowsNotrequiredNotrequiredF25420527.6.1 Impact Test ApparatusSteel impact ram shall beequipped to be incorporated into a hinged or pivoted swingingpendulum equipped with a blunt impactor (Fig. 1). The systemshall be capable of delivering 200 lbf (271.2 J) of energy.Com
33、bined weight of impact ram (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) and bluntimpactor shall be 80 6 0.25 lb (36.3 6 0.10 kg). The dropheight of the ram shall be 31 6 1 in. (762 6 25.4 mm). Theangle of the suspension rods, cable, arm, or chains shall be nomore than 45 off vertical when the ram is in the raised position(s
34、ee Fig. 3). All pivot points in the suspension system must bein good repair and well lubricated to minimize friction lossesthat could reduce the impact energy being delivered to the testspecimen.7.6.2 Blunt ImpactorImpactor shall be fabricated fromC1010-1020 carbon steel and shall have an impact sur
35、face areaof 4 6 0.04 in.2(101.6 6 1.0 mm ) and shall have roundededges similar to a 10 lb (4.54 kg) sledgehammer head.Impactor shall be adjustable to provide impact to specimenface, then adjust to impact bars from front or rear of grille asrequired for the Egress Test.7.6.3 FixtureFixture shall be o
36、f sufficient size to containtest specimen and of a design to accommodate the mountingmethod with which the specimen will be tested. Fixture shallbe rigidly constructed and reinforced, and secured to wall orfloor to insure all forces are transmitted to test specimen (seeFig. 4 and Fig. 5).7.7 Procedu
37、re:7.7.1 Install specimen in structural steel fixture using themounting system as designed for field installation.7.7.2 Align impactor to provide blows to center of thespecimen face plate.7.7.3 Strike face with number of blows as indicated in Table1.7.7.4 Specimen is exposed to the Vandalism Impact
38、Test ateach successive grade level. The specimen is deemed to havefailed if a 2 in. (51 mm) cube can be passed through anyopening in the face with a force not exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).The specimen will be classed at the highest Vandalism ImpactTest grade level achieved prior to failure. This test i
39、s followedby the Egress Impact Test.7.7.5 Transfer grilles must have both faces of one specimentested for the appropriate grade. If the grille is symmetrical inall aspects of construction and mounting method, then testingon one face is permitted for Grade Levels 3 and 4.EGRESS TEST7.8 ScopeDetermine
40、 the ability of a grille to resist anadditional attack that simulates common hand tools.7.9 Significance and UseSimulate a 10 lb (4.54 kg)sledgehammer attack on the grille face after the initial vandal-ism impact attack.7.10 The specimen that passed the Vandalism Impact Testmust remain in fixture fo
41、r the Egress Test face impact.7.11 ApparatusImpact ram with blunt impactor as de-scribed for Vandalism Impact Test.7.12 Procedure:7.12.1 The Egress Impact Test includes a series of blows tothe face of the grille as indicated in Table 1. If at any timeduring this test the face becomes deformed enough
42、 to allow a2 in. (51 mm) cube to pass through with a force not exceeding10 lbf (44.5 N), the test must be suspended and a portion of theface cut away sufficient to allow direct impact on the bars in thesleeve. The impactor must then be adjusted to provide therequired impact to the bars for the durat
43、ion of the face impacttest. The specimen is deemed to have failed if a 5 in. 3 8 in.3 8 in. (127 mm 3 203 mm 3 203 mm) rigid rectangular boxcan be passed through the security bars of the grille with forcenot exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N). The specimen will be classed atthe highest Egress Impact Test gra
44、de level achieved prior tofailure.8. Certification8.1 The manufacturer shall provide test reports by anindependent testing laboratory that certify that specimen(s)were successfully tested in accordance with these test methodsand which comply with section.9. Report9.1 Report the following information
45、:9.1.1 Name and address of laboratory.FIG. 1 Blunt ImpactorFIG. 2 RamFIG. 3 Fixture and Ram Side ViewF25420539.1.2 Date laboratory completed tests.9.1.3 Name and address of manufacturer.9.1.4 Description and identifying information, such asmodel number of the test specimen.9.1.5 Size of the specimen
46、 tested measured as the outsidedimension of the sleeve.9.1.6 Material and thickness of the face plate.9.1.7 Size of perforations or size and shape of passagewaysin face.9.1.8 Material and thickness of the sleeve.9.1.9 Method of forming sleeve (bending, welding).9.1.10 Method of attachment of the fac
47、e to the sleeve,including size and spacing of welds.9.1.11 Description of the method used to retain a hinged orremovable face, including details of hinges and latchingmechanisms.9.1.12 Description of mounting method used, includingsize and spacing of welds.9.1.13 Diagrams, details, and photographs o
48、f testing equip-ment.9.1.14 Specifications and details of the grille tested, includ-ing mounting method.9.1.15 All related test data, including resulting grade levelachieved (Table 1).9.2 Provide the following:9.2.1 Still color photographs of the salient stages of the testsuch as:9.2.1.1 Initial pen
49、etration, and9.2.1.2 Conclusion of test.9.2.1.3 Each penetration which allows forcible egress shallbe reported, including photographs.9.2.2 Video recording of the entire test(s) is recommended.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout the precision or bias of the prying test, impact test, oregress test within these test methods since the test results arenon-quantitative.11. Keywords11.1 correctional facility; detention facility; egress test;impact test; security diffuser; security grille; security register;security t
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