ASTM F2613-2010 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Childrens Folding Chairs《儿童折叠椅的消费者安全使用标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F2613 10Standard Consumer Safety Specification forChildrens Folding Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with Childrens folding chairs thatwere identified by the U.S. Consumer Produ

3、ct Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents identified by theCPSC and addressed in this standard involve lacerations, fractures, pinches and amputations ofchildrens fingers in folding mechanisms. This specification also addresses structural integrity andlabeling for the product. This specification is not

4、 intended to cover childrens folding chairs that areeither blatantly misused or abused. This specification is written within current state-of-the-artchildrens folding chairs and is intended to be updated if substantive information becomes availablethat necessitates additional requirements or justifi

5、es revision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes testingrequirements for structural integrity and performance require-ments for childrens folding chairs. It also provides require-ments for labeling. The term unit or product will refer to achilds folding

6、 chair.1.2 This specification covers a folding chair intended to beused by a child with a seat height 15 in. or less.1.3 No product produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this specification unless itconform

7、s to all applicable requirements contained herein,before and after all testing.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 Th

8、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen

9、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF404 Consumer Safety Specification for High ChairsF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF1561 Performance Requirements for Plastic Chairs fo

10、rOutdoor Use2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) Definition of “Flammable Solid”16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point In Toys and Other Articles Intended for

11、 UseBy Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use By Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use By Children Under Three Ye

12、arsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.59 on Childrens Folding Chairs.Current edition approved

13、 Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2613 09. DOI:10.1520/F2613-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volum

14、e information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B

15、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible, whenthe unit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to aperson standing near the unit at any one position around t

16、heunit but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.3 folding chair , nseating furniture that is intended to beused as a support for the body, limbs, or feet when sitting orresting in an upright or reclining position and which can befolded for transport or storage.3.4 manufacturers recommended u

17、se position, nany po-sition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptiveor instructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for use of the product. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in itsliterature to be unaccepta

18、ble, unsafe, or not recommended.3.5 non-paper label, nlabel material (such as plastic ormetal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.6 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that isset up in one of the manufactu

19、rers recommended use posi-tions.3.7 paper label, nany label material that tears without theaid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instr

20、ucts differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned in aroom with ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (2

21、3 6 5C) for atleast 1 h prior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted withinthis temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free of splinters.5.2 Ther

22、e shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing to this specification.5.3 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CFR1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing inaccordance with this specification.5.4 The paint

23、 and surface coating on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.5.5 There shall be no flammable solids as defined in 16 CFR1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) before or after testing in accordance withthis specification.5.6 Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or soldwith a product, as well as their means

24、of attachment, must meetapplicable requirements of Consumer Safety SpecificationF963.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, or PinchingA product, whenfolded, when being unfolded, or when in the manufacturersrecommended use position, shall be designed and constructedto prevent injury to the occupant from any scis

25、soring, shearing,or pinching when members or components rotate about acommon axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwisemove relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinchingthat may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edgesof the rigid parts admit a probe that is g

26、reater than 0.210 in.(5.30 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.50 mm) diameter at anyaccessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts.5.7.1 Products with locking mechanisms that meet therequirements of 5.8.3, to prevent folding and unfolding by achild, shall only be evaluated in the manufact

27、urers recom-mended use position.5.8 Folding Mechanisms and HingesThese requirementsare intended to eliminate possible crushing, laceration, orpinching hazards that might occur in folding mechanisms andhinges. Examples are the sudden collapse or unexpectedmotion of a folding mechanism or hinge that p

28、roduces a scissoraction; and the changing clearances at the hinge line betweentwo hinged portions, such that the gap will admit fingers at oneposition of the hinge but not at all positions.5.8.1 Folding MechanismsProducts shall have a lockingdevice or other means to prevent unexpected or suddenmovem

29、ent or collapse of the product, or have adequateclearance to provide protection for the fingers, hands, and toesfrom crushing or laceration in the event of sudden movementor collapse of the product.5.8.2 Locking devices and other means to prevent unex-pected or sudden movement or collapse of the pro

30、duct shallengage automatically when the product is placed in anymanufacturers recommended use position. Latches may bemanually activated to allow placement into the use position butmust engage automatically when released. During and uponcompletion of the testing in 6.1, the unit shall remain in itsr

31、ecommended use position.5.8.3 If a unit is designed with a locking device:5.8.3.1 Each single action device shall require a minimumforce of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate the release mechanism whentested in accordance with 6.2.5.8.3.2 Each double action locking device shall requireeither two consecutive

32、actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out, or two separate andindependent single action locking mechanisms that must beactivated simultaneously to fully release. There are no forcerequirements for locking devices that are double action or aresingle action that are

33、 activated simultaneously.5.8.4 Hinge Line ClearanceProducts having a gap orclearance along the hinge line between a stationary portion anda movable portion shall be so constructed that, if the accessiblegap at the hinge line will admit a316-in. (5-mm) diameter rod,it will also admit a12-in. (13-mm)

34、 diameter rod at all positionsof the hinge.5.8.5 No product shall give the appearance of being in anymanufacturers recommended use position unless the lockingdevice is fully engaged.F2613 1025.9 Circular Holes in Rigid MaterialsThis requirement isintended to prevent finger entrapment (which may cut

35、off bloodcirculation) in accessible holes in sheet metal and other rigidmaterials (non-circular holes are believed to present no signifi-cant hazard of cutting off blood circulation in entrappedfingers). If an accessible, circular hole in any rigid material lessthan 0.062 in. (1.58 mm) in thickness

36、can admit a14-in.(6-mm) diameter rod to a depth of38 in. (10 mm) or greater, itshall also admit a12-in. (13-mm) diameter rod. The productshall be evaluated in all manufacturers recommended usepositions.5.9.1 RationaleBased on requirements for toys from Con-sumer Safety Specification F963, since the

37、age range ofchildren using folding chairs is similar to that for childrenusing toys.5.10 Labeling:5.10.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 6.3.5.10.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat tr

38、ansfer, printing, woodburning, and so forth shall be permanent when tested inaccordance with 6.4.5.10.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 6.5.5.11 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp com-ponents between the thumb and forefinger or teeth (such ascap

39、s, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges,points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at leasta 0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the component and itsadjacent parent component, such component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 6.6.5.12 Strength Requiremen

40、tsFolding chairs shall be testedin accordance with 6.7, and shall not generate any sharp edges,sharp corners, sharp points, or any scissoring, shearing or pinchpoints. The product shall remain functional upon completion ofthe testing. Some deformation of the chair is permissibleprovided that the pre

41、ceding requirements are met. Theserequirements shall apply to folding chairs with either rigidseating surfaces or sling-type flexible seating surfaces sus-pended from a frame (for example, directors chairs) regardlessof whether the available seating width of the chair is limited bya structure such a

42、s arm rests.6. Test Methods6.1 Locking Mechanisms:6.1.1 Erect the product in accordance with any manufactur-ers instructions.6.1.2 Secure the product so that the normal folding motionis not impeded.6.1.3 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to the product in thedirection normally associated with folding.

43、 Apply the forcegradually over a 5-s period and maintain for an additional 10 sbefore releasing the force.6.1.4 Perform this procedure five times within a 2-minperiod.6.2 Locking Test MethodWith the product in each of themanufacturers recommended use positions, gradually apply aforce of 10 lbf (45 N

44、) to the locking mechanism in the directiontending to unlock it. The locking mechanism shall not unlockuntil a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 N) has been achieved.6.3 Permanency of Labels and Warnings:6.3.1 A paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam)shall be considered permanent if, during an a

45、ttempt to removeit without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, ittears into pieces upon removal, or such action damages thesurface to which it is attached.6.3.2 A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by aseam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt toremove it with

46、out the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot beremoved or such action damages the surface to which it isattached.6.3.3 A warning label attached by a seam shall be consid-ered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15-lbf(67-N) pull force applied in any direction most likely to causefailu

47、re using a34-in. (19-mm) diameter clamp surface (see Fig.1). Gradually apply the force over 5 s and maintain for anadditional 10 s.6.4 Adhesion test for warnings applied directly onto thesurface of the product.6.4.1 Apply the tape test defined in Test Method BCross-Cut Tape Test of Test Methods D335

48、9, eliminating parallelcuts.6.4.2 Perform this test once in each different location wherewarnings are applied.6.4.3 The warning statements shall be considered perma-nent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attachedafter being subjected to this test.6.5 A non-paper label, during a

49、n attempt to remove itwithout the aid of tools or solvents, shall not be removed orshall not fit entirely within the small parts cylinder defined in16 CFR 1501 if it can be removed.6.6 Removal of Protective Components:6.6.1 Test components in accordance with each of thefollowing methods in the sequence listed:6.6.2 Secure the unit so that it cannot move during theperformance of the following tests.6.6.3 Torque TestApply a torque of 3 lbf-in. (0.5-Nm)gradually within a period of5sinaclockwise direction untila rotation of 180 from the or