ASTM F2620-2009 Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings.pdf

1、Designation: F2620 09An American National StandardStandard Practice forHeat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for making jointswith polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of

3、heatfusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Othersuitable heat fusion joining procedures are available fromvarious sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. Thisstandard does not purport to address all possible heat fusionjoining procedures, or to preclude the use of qual

4、ified proce-dures developed by other parties that have been proved toproduce reliable heat fusion joints.1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only tojoining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymerchemistry. They are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Speci-fication D2513 and PE

5、potable water, sewer and industrial pipemanufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035,and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufac-turers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe tobe joined (see Appendix X1).NOTE 1Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings tha

6、t haverelated polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI)TR-33 and TR-41.1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given inpresent ASTM specifications are required to produce soundjoints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using thejoining techniques described

7、in this practice.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, andappendixes which provide explanatory material. These notesand footnotes (excluding those

8、 in tables and figures) shall notbe considered as requirements of the practice.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete

9、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas PressurePipe, Tubing, and FittingsD2737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR

10、-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterD3261 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe andTubingF714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF905 Practice for Qualification of Polyethylene Saddl

11、e-Fused JointsF1056 Specification for Socket Fusion Tools for Use inSocket Fusion Joining Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing andFittings2.2 PPI Documents:TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for FieldJoining of Polyethylene3TR-41 Generic Saddle Fusion Joining Procedure for Poly-ethylene Gas Piping32

12、.3 AWWA Documents:AWWA C901 Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Tubing,12 in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm), forWater Service4AWWA C906 Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Fittings, 4 in. (100 mm) through 63 in. (1575 mm), forWater Distribution and Transmission43. Summary of

13、Practice3.1 The principle of heat fusion joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe is to heat two prepared surfaces to a designatedtemperature, then fuse them together by application of a1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility o

14、f Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F262006. DOI:10.1520/F2620-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at

15、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.4Available from American Water Works Associati

16、on (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.sufficient force. This force causes the melted materials to flowand mix, thereby resulting in fusion.3.2 The heat-fus

17、ion procedures covered in this practice aresocket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion.3.2.1 Procedure 1, Socket FusionThe socket-fusion pro-cedure involves simultaneously heating the outside surface ofa pipe end and the inside of a fitting socket, which is sized tobe smaller than the smallest out

18、side diameter of the pipe. Afterthe proper melt has been generated at each face to be mated,the two components are joined by inserting one component intothe other. See Fig. 1. The fusion bond is formed at the interfaceresulting from the interference fit. The melts from the twocomponents flow togethe

19、r and fuse as the joint cools. Optionalalignment devices are used to hold the pipe and socket fittingin longitudinal alignment during the joining process; especiallywith pipe sizes IPS 3 in. (89 mm) and larger.Automated socketfusion is not addressed in this procedure.3.2.2 Procedure 2, Butt FusionTh

20、e butt-fusion procedurein its simplest form consists of heating the squared ends of twopipes, a pipe and a fitting, or two fittings, by holding themagainst a heated plate, removing the heater plate when theproper melt is obtained, promptly bringing the ends together,and allowing the joint to cool wh

21、ile maintaining the appropri-ate applied force.3.2.2.1 An appropriately sized butt fusion machine is usedto clamp, align and face the pipe or fitting ends and to apply thespecified fusion force. See Fig. 2.3.2.3 Procedure 3, Saddle FusionThe saddle-fusion pro-cedure involves melting the concave surf

22、ace of the base of asaddle fitting, while simultaneously melting a matching patternon the surface of the pipe, bringing the two melted surfacestogether and allowing the joint to cool while maintaining theappropriate applied force. See Fig. 3.3.2.3.1 An appropriately sized saddle fusion machine isuse

23、d to clamp the pipe main and the fitting, align the parts andapply the specified fusion force.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7-9 are primarilyintended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropri-

24、ate environmental control procedures. When properly imple-mented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. Whenthese joints are destructively tested, the failure occurs outsidethe fusion joined area.4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecular weight and mo-lecular weight distribution are infl

25、uential factors in establishingsuitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufactur-ers instructions in the use or development of a specific fusionprocedure. See Annex A1.4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion proce-dures in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe

26、 andfittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purposepipes and fittings made to PE product specifications fromorganizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that areused in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications.For gas applications, qualification of the procedure by testing

27、joints made using the procedure in accordance with regulationsfrom the authority having jurisdiction are required.5. Operator Experience5.1 Skill and knowledge on the part of the operator arerequired to obtain a good quality joint. This skill and knowl-edge is obtained by making joints in accordance

28、 with provenprocedures under the guidance of skilled operators. Evaluateoperator proficiency by testing sample joints.FIG. 1 Socket FusionF2620 0925.2 The party responsible for the joining of polyethylenepipe and fittings shall ensure that detailed procedures devel-oped in conjunction with applicabl

29、e codes and regulations andthe manufacturers of the pipe, fittings, and joining equipmentinvolved, including the safety precautions to be followed, areissued before actual joining operations begin.6. ApparatusGeneral Recommendations6.1 Heating ToolElectric heating tools come in a varietyof sizes tha

30、t match the fusion machines capabilities. They aredesigned with enough wattage and electronic control to main-tain the specified heater face temperature required in thisprocedure. The range of the heater control shall be larger thanthe heating temperature specification (the typical control rangeis 5

31、0F (30C) above and below the maximum and minimumrequired heating tool surface temperatures. Electric heatingplates maintain consistent fusion temperatures when providedwith an adequate power source.6.2 Heating Tool FacesHeating tools may be made frommaterials such as aluminum, stainless steel, coppe

32、r, or copperFIG. 2 Butt FusionFIG. 3 Saddle FusionF2620 093alloys. Polyethylene material may stick to hot metal heatingsurfaces. This sticking may be minimized by applying anon-stick coating to the heating surfaces or by fitting ahigh-temperature, non-stick fabric over the heating surfaces.The heati

33、ng plate surfaces, coated or uncoated, shall be keptclean and free of contaminants such as dirt, grease and plasticbuild-up, which may cause excessive sticking and createunsatisfactory joints. Most of these contaminants are removedfrom the hot tool surfaces using a clean, dry, oil-free lint-freeclot

34、h. Do not use synthetic fabrics which may char and stick tothe fusion surface. Some pigments, such as carbon black, maystain a heating surface and probably cannot be removed; suchstains will not contaminate the joint interface.6.2.1 After a period of time in service, non-stick coatings orfabrics wil

35、l deteriorate and become less effective. Deterioratedfabrics shall be replaced, and worn, scratched, or gougednon-stick coatings shall be re-coated when they lose effective-ness. Heat fusion quality may be adversely affected by dete-riorated non-stick surfaces. Spray-on chemicals, such as non-stick

36、lubricants or oils shall not be applied to heating ironsurfaces as they will contaminate the joint.6.3 Temperature IndicatorHeating tools shall be equippedwith a thermometer or other built-in temperature indicatingdevice. This device indicates the internal temperature of theheating iron, which is us

37、ually higher than temperature of theheating tool surfaces. Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first joint of the day and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within the pipe or fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpoints to ens

38、ure uniform surface temperature.An infraredpyrometer is calibrated by comparison to a calibrated surfacepyrometer and adjusted to agree on each heating tool.NOTE 2A significant temperature variation, that is, cold spots, on theheating tool surfaces may indicate a faulty heating iron which may needto

39、 be serviced before it can be used.7. Procedure 1Socket Fusion7.1 Apparatus:7.1.1 Socket Fusion ToolsSocket fusion tools consist of aheating tool, heating tool faces, rounding clamps (cold rings),depth gage/chamfer tools, and pipe/fittings made to ASTMspecifications.7.1.2 Heating ToolIn order to obt

40、ain a proper melt, it isnecessary for a uniform temperature to be maintained acrossthe heating tool faces. An electrical tool shall have sufficientwattage and control to maintain the specified surface tempera-ture of the tool faces.7.1.3 Heating Tool FacesConsisting of two parts, a maleend for the i

41、nterior socket surface and a female end for theexterior pipe surface. Both parts shall be made to suchtolerances as to cause an interference fit. Heating tool faces areproduced to Specification F1056 dimensions, and are coatedwith a non-stick material to keep melted pipe and fittingmaterial from sti

42、cking to the face.7.1.4 Alignment JigThe alignment jig is an optional toolwhich consists of two sets of devices holding the componentsin alignment to each other. One set of holding devices is fixed,and the other allows longitudinal movement for making thejoint.7.1.5 Rounding Clamps, (cold ring) to m

43、aintain roundnessof the pipe and control the depth of pipe insertion into thesocket during the joining operation.7.1.6 Depth Gage, for proper positioning of the roundingclamp on the pipe.7.1.7 Chamfering Tool, to bevel the end of the pipe.NOTE 3The depth gage and chamfering tool may be combined into

44、 asingle tool.7.1.8 Tubing Cutter, to obtain a square end cut on the pipe.7.1.9 Fitting Puller, an optional tool to assist in the removalof the fitting from the heating tool and to hold the fitting duringassembly.7.2 Procedure:7.2.1 Attach the proper size heater faces to the heating tool,and bring t

45、he surface temperature of the tool faces to 490 to510F (254 to 266C). Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first joint of the day and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within the pipe or fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpo

46、ints to ensure uniform surface temperature. Heatingtool thermometers measure the internal temperature of theheating tool, which is typically higher than the surface tem-perature of the heating tool faces.7.2.2 Cut the pipe end squarely, and clean the pipe end andfitting, both inside and outside, by

47、wiping with a clean, dry,oil-free, lint-free cloth.7.2.3 Chamfer the outside edge of the pipe end slightly andfix the rounding clamp about the pipe as determined from thedepth gage. (See Note 4.)7.2.4 Push the socket fitting onto the preheated fitting toolface first, and then push the pipe into the

48、pipe-side tool faceuntil the rounding clamps make contact with the heating faces.7.2.5 Heat the pipe end and the fitting socket for the timerequired to obtain a proper melt. Proper melt is a function ofmaterial, time, tool temperature, and the size of the parts. Pipeand fittings of larger diameters

49、require more time to reach theproper melt consistency than those of smaller diameters.Under-heated or overheated materials will not form a goodbond. Contact the fitting manufacturer for the recommendedheating times.7.2.6 At the end of the heating time, simultaneously removethe pipe and fitting straight out from the tool, using a snapaction. Immediately insert the pipe straight into the socket ofthe fitting so the rounding clamp is flush against the end of thefitting socket. Hold or block the joint in place until the melts ofthe mating surfaces have solidified