1、Designation: F2656/F2656M 15F2656/F2656M 18Standard Test Method forCrash Testing of Vehicle Security Barriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2656/F2656M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONOriginal perimeter barrier test methods were first published in 1985 by the Bureau of DiplomaticSecurity to asses
3、s the crash performance of perimeter barriers and gates. Since that time, the frequencyand scale of attacks using vehicles with or without an explosive payload have increased bothinternationally and domestically. Therefore, there is a need to address a broad spectrum of possibleincident conditions s
4、uch as credible threat vehicle types for the locale, attack velocities of the differentvehicles, and different acceptable penetration limitations. Also, there are different evaluation criteriafor different agencies that fulfill their unique access control operations, aesthetics, and otherorganizatio
5、nal requirements. This test method was originally developed to expand the previousDepartment of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Securitys crash testing standard to meet the broader needsof multiple organizations responsible for the protection of U.S. assets domestically and abroad.Published test standar
6、ds for vehicle perimeter security devices have previously been maintained bythe U.S. State Department, Bureau of Diplomatic Security. The Specification for Vehicle Crash Testof Perimeter Barriers and Gates was first published in 1985 as SD-STD-02.01. In that standard, the testvehicle was specified a
7、s a medium-duty truck weighing 6800 kg 15 000 lb. The payload was to besecurely attached to the frame and nominal impact velocities were 50, 65, and 80 km/h 30, 40, and50 mph. Penetration limits were 1, 6, and 15 m 3, 20, and 50 ft and were measured from the attackface of the perimeter security devi
8、ce to the final resting position of the front of the frame rails of thetest vehicle.In 2003, the U.S. State Department, Bureau of Diplomatic Security issued an updated standard(SD-STD-02.01, Revision A) for the testing of perimeter barriers. This update was done for severalreasons. The foremost reas
9、on for change was limited setback distances precluded the use of anydevices at their facilities or compounds that did not meet the highest test level, that is, those allowingmore than 1-m 3-ft penetration distance. Therefore, the revised standard only uses a 1-m 3-ftpenetration distance. Secondly, t
10、he method of rigid attachment of the ballast to the test vehicle was notsimulating likely payload configurations and was altering the structural integrity of the test vehicle.Consequently, the updated standard requires a payload consisting of 208-L 55-gal steel drumsstrapped together that have been
11、filled with soil. This assembly is then strapped to the vehicle loadplatform. The third reason for change was based on the observation that the cargo bed of trucks couldeffectively penetrate certain types of barriers. Accordingly, the penetration distance is now measuredfrom the inside face or non-i
12、mpact surface of the barrier to the front of the cargo bed when the vehiclehas reached its final position. Lastly, it was determined that the trucks used different platforms withina given class affecting result consistency. The revised test standard required the use of very specificdiesel-powered me
13、dium-duty trucks.In 2007,ASTM first published Test Method F2656 for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers.It included the same test vehicle as specified in the 2003 SD-STD-02.01, Revision A, but additionaltest vehicles were added. They were the small passenger car, a 12-ton regular cab pickup,
14、 and a tandemaxle dump truck. In addition, penetration ratings were reestablished and included the highest ratingestablished by the 2003 SD-STD-02.01. Occupant risk values as established in NCHRP Report 3501 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security Systems and Equ
15、ipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved June 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2018. Published July 2015February 2018. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072015 asF2656 07.F2656 15. DOI: 10.1520/F2656_F2656M15
16、.10.1520/F2656_F2656M18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that
17、 users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1were also added.F2656/F2
18、656M 182This latest version of Test Method F2656 incorporates two additional vehicles, the large passengersedan and a Class 7 cab-over with a single rear axle.Additionally, the small car and pickup have beenupdated to match the latest AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH), the update to
19、NCHRP Report 350. Class 7 cab-over is compatible with European standards and is designated C7.Additional definitions and recommendations have also been added and the word “perimeter” has beendeleted from the title to reflect more accurately all barriers tested under this test method. Since it wasdet
20、ermined that the P4 rating did not have substantial relevance, this rating has been eliminated. Tokeep up with current terminology, the term “reduced risk” is discussed in this version of Test MethodF2656.Test Method F2656/F2656M 18 has incorporated two major changes from F2656/F2656M 15.The first a
21、nd most significant change is all penetration ratings are referenced to the leading edge ofthe barrier being tested. This serves to remove any ambiguity relating to barrier size or footprint andthe previous determination of reference points on trailing edges. It also serves to harmonize with thestan
22、dard employed by the European Union. Secondly, because the previous bed attachmentrequirement has been shown to be inadequate by loss of bed attachment, so the number of shear plateshas been increased to three. Since the leading edge of the bed is the vehicle reference point on theStandard Test Truc
23、k, keeping the bed attached to the truck imparts the greatest load into the barrierand yields more valid test results for penetration.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a range of vehicle impact conditions, designations, and penetration performance levels. This willallow an agency to select passi
24、ve perimeter barriers and active entry point barriers appropriate for use at facilities with a definedmoving vehicle threat. Agencies may adopt and specify those condition designations and performance levels in this test methodthat satisfy their specific needs. Agencies may also assign certification
25、 ratings for active and passive perimeter barriers based onthe tests and test methodologies described herein. Many test parameters are standardized to arrive at a common vehicle type andmass, enhance test realism and replication, and produce uniform rating designations.1.2 Compliance with these test
26、 procedures establishes a measure of performance but does not render any vehicle perimeterbarrier invulnerable to vehicle penetration. Caution should be exercised in interpreting test findings and in extrapolating results toother than test conditions. While computer simulations are powerful tools th
27、at are useful in the development of new and improvedbarriers or in estimating performance under differing conditions, use of only the results from computer simulation for fielding aproduct is strongly discouraged. When performing a test, developers and users are encouraged to address specific or unu
28、sual siteconditions as needed. Often local terrain features, soil conditions, climate, or other items will dictate special needs at specificlocations. Therefore, if site conditions are likely to degrade a barriers performance, the agency in need of a vehicle perimeterbarrier should require testing w
29、ith the specific site conditions replicated for full-scale crash testing.1.3 Product/design certification under this test method only addresses the ability of the barrier to withstand the impact of thetest vehicle. It does not represent an endorsement of the product/design or address its operational
30、 suitability.1.4 The values in stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values fromthe two systems may result in no
31、n-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine theapplic
32、ability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the Wo
33、rld Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C39C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensD1556D1556/D1556M Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone MethodD4429 Test Met
34、hod for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place (Withdrawn 2018)3D6938 Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at ser
35、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.F2656/F2656M 1832.2 AASHTO Standards 4M147-65 Standard Specifications for Transpor
36、tation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Table 1 GradingRequirements for Soil-Aggregate Materials, Grading BT099 Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.)Drop2.3 ISO Standard 5ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements f
37、or the competence of testing and calibration laboratories2.4 SAE Standard 6J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1: Electronic InstrumentationJ211-2 Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 2: Photographic Instrumentation2.5 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers PDC Standard 7List of DOD Certified Anti-Ram
38、 Vehicle Barriers82.6 U.S. Department of State DS 9SD-STD-02.01 Specification for Vehicle Crash Test of Perimeter Barriers and Gates, 1985SD-STD-02.01, Revision A Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers and Gates, 20033. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 “A” pillar, nstructural me
39、mber forming the forward corner of the cab or passenger compartment.3.1.2 accredited independent testing laboratory, ntesting laboratory accredited to perform the referenced testing proceduresby a nationally recognized accrediting agency in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 and led by a test director.3.
40、1.2.1 DiscussionAccredited independent testing laboratories may have no financial interest in or otherwise be affiliated with companies orindividuals for which they perform accreditation testing. Hereinafter, accredited independent testing laboratories are referred to aseither accredited facilities
41、or testing laboratories. Other independent testing agencies actively pursuing accreditation and whosetesting protocols are accepted by a federal agency may also conduct tests for a period of one year after performing the first testusing this test method.3.1.3 agency, nspecifier, responsible party, o
42、r owner.3.1.4 barrier, ngate, bollard, wedges, drop arms, walls, wire ropes, net, planter, other structure, or topographic feature (thatis, berms, rocks, or trenches) that provides protection against a vehicle trying to gain access overtly to a compound or facility.3.1.4.1 DiscussionActive barriers
43、can be deployed to serve as a security device and can be stored to allow traffic passage while passive barriers areessentially permanent and do not move. The perimeter is typically the outermost boundary over which the facility has control andis normally defined by the property line.3.1.5 berm, nmou
44、nded section of available material such as soil, gravel, rock, and so forth.3.1.6 bollard, nhollow or solid section posts or series of posts, usually metal, concrete, wood, or combinations of same, usedto channel or restrict vehicular traffic which includes fixed, removable, and operable/retractable
45、 posts.3.1.7 condition designation, nrelates vehicle type and vehicle velocity to the kinetic energy for which testing is conducted.3.1.8 continuous barrier, nany barrier that relies on a continuous foundation or a continuous structural element to resistpenetration by vehicles.3.1.9 debris, npost-im
46、pact barrier, ballast, and vehicle components dispersed as a result of impact.3.1.10 disabled, adjused in conjunction with the vehicle and barrier description after impact.4 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249,
47、 Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.6 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 1
48、5096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.7 Available from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Protective Design Center, 12565 W. Center Rd., Omaha, NE 68144-3869, https:/pdc.usace.army.mil/library/BarrierCertification. Maintains 1985 list for penetration purposes.8 Available from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
49、 Protective Design Center, 1616 Capital Avenue, Ste 9000, ATTN: CENWO ED S. Omaha, NE 68102-9000,https:/pdc.usace.army.mil/library/BarrierCertification.9 Available from U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security, Office of Physical Security Programs, Physical Security Division,Washington, D.C. 20520-1403F2656/F2656M 1843.1.10.1 DiscussionDisabled barrier pertains to an active barrier that is not operable after impact as a result of damage caused by the test impact.Disabled barrier also pertains to the post-test bar
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