1、Designation: F 2662 08Standard Guide forMinimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators ofSAR Incidents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard asit relates to general and specific knowledge, skills, and abilit
3、ies(KSA), for existing dispatchers (who have met the require-ments of Practice F 1258), 911 (emergency) operators, andtelecommunicators to be trained for the processing and dis-patch of potential and actual search and rescue incidents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety co
4、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1258 Practice for Emergency Medical
5、 Dispatch2.2 Other Documents:3Triage and Dispatch for SAR Managers and Telecommuni-cationsU.S. National SAR Plan3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 agency, nan SAR or emergency response entitysuch as an SAR team, military unit, or emergency manage-ment, police, or
6、fire service with SAR responsibilities.3.1.2 automatic aid, naid given by another agency, auto-matically upon dispatch, when written into dispatch guidelinesor protocols. Automatic aid is generated by your Communica-tions Center by simultaneously requesting or notifying theoutside resource upon init
7、ial dispatch of incidents. Automaticaid should be arranged for search and rescue incidents andprogrammed into your CAD (Computer Aided Dispatch)system.3.1.3 “emergency” and/or “lights and siren” response,nan Emergency and/or Lights and Siren response is where anappropriately trained person operates
8、and responds in a vehicleequipped with emergency lights and siren in order to enable amore timely response to a scene or other location.3.1.4 follow-up report and information, ncritical or valu-able supplemental information gathered and reported to re-sponders after initial dispatch.3.1.5 mutual aid
9、, naid given by another agency, case bycase, when requested by a member of a responding agency.3.1.6 SRD, Search and Rescue Dispatcher, na dispatcherwho processes calls for potential and actual search and rescueincidents (See Triage and Dispatch for SAR Managers andTelecommunications).4. Significanc
10、e and Use4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard asit relates to general and specific knowledge, skills, and abilities(KSA), for existing dispatchers, 911 operators and telecommu-nicators to be trained in the processing and dispatching ofpotential and actual search and rescue incide
11、nts. A persontrained to this guide is a Level I (basic) SAR Dispatcher.4.2 Every person who is identified as an SAR Dispatchershall have met the requirements of this guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencieshaving jurisdiction who wish to identify the minimum trainingstandards f
12、or Level I SAR dispatcher.4.4 This guide is only the first level of training for Searchand Rescue Dispatcher (SRD) personnel, and as such, onlyestablishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities re-quired for a person to perform SAR Dispatch.4.5 Nothing in this guide precludes a user of this gu
13、ide fromadding additional requirements for its own members.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is onlyan outline of the topics required for training or evaluating aLevel I SRD, but it can be used to develop a training documentor program.4.7 It is up to the training authority to d
14、etermine the depthor detail of training to meet its needs.4.8 This guide does not stand alone and must be used withthe referenced documents to provide the specific informationneeded by the user.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct respo
15、nsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, r
16、efer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Kovacs, Tim and Mountain Rescue Association, http:/www.mra.org/training/Dispatch_SAR_MRA_05.pdf1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.9 This gu
17、ide can be used to evaluate a book or otherdocument to determine if its content meets the necessary topicsfor training an SRD. Likewise, the guide can be used toevaluate an existing training program to see if it meets therequirements of this guide.4.10 The knowledge, skills, and abilities requiremen
18、ts pre-sented in the following sections are not presented in anyparticular order and do not represent a training sequence.4.11 Except where a physical skill needs to be shown, it isup to the instructor, evaluator, or tester to determine the bestway to evaluate a persons knowledge. This may be by wri
19、ttenexam, oral exam, demonstration, or by some combination ofthe three.5. General Knowledge5.1 An SAR dispatcher shall have knowledge of:5.1.1 Differences between urban and rural/wilderness SARdispatch, including unique factors influencing selection ofresources such as terrain, weather and unique me
20、dical consid-erations.5.1.2 SAR Dispatch case studies, examples, or lessonslearned, or combinations thereof.5.1.3 SAR Dispatch legal issues.5.1.4 Legally mandated and authorized agencies for SARaffecting the area of operations.5.1.5 Local, automatic, and mutual aid SAR resources.5.1.6 Considerations
21、 and limitations of wireless phones andtheir battery power, skips, tracing, and related issues in SARenvironments, including the need for rapid gathering and triageof information, and giving critical information to the callerbefore power or signal may be lost.5.1.7 Proactive and earlier alert or dis
22、patch of SAR re-sources rather than other public safety practices of “reactive”and “minimalist” dispatch of resources.5.1.8 Hazards of premature cancellation of specialized SARresources.5.1.9 Useful rural and wilderness geography and landmarksin the users areas of operations.5.1.10 Basic use of prin
23、ted-type maps and map directories.5.1.11 Limitations and challenges of traditional ComputerAided Dispatch, triage cards and card “prompts” in SARincidents.5.1.12 Ability to operate in “manual mode” (when comput-ers and related aids are inoperable or not available).5.1.13 Multi-jurisdictional, automa
24、tic aid and mutual aidissues.5.1.14 Processing, dispatching and prioritizing simulta-neous and multiple different SAR calls.5.1.15 Guidelines for determining responses, includingemergency lights and siren responses and non-emergencyresponses.5.1.16 Guidelines for dispatching SAR resources out ofprim
25、ary jurisdiction or area of operations.5.1.17 The need for call monitoring of medical and fire callsfor latent SAR calls.5.1.18 Need for automatic and mutual aid and interface withlaw enforcement, EMS (Emergency Medical Dispatch), andFire dispatch agencies for SAR (Search and Rescue) calls.5.1.19 Di
26、fferences between disaster and urban SAR re-sources versus civil (non-military combat SAR) SAR resourcesunder the U.S. National SAR Plan or the countrys equivalent.5.1.20 Dispatch guidelines (See Triage and Dispatch forSAR Managers and Telecommunications) for the followingSAR scenarios followed by t
27、heir corresponding sample callcode and reference-resource guide (a CAD window, referencecard or reference page for the user to find the scenario-specificguide for minimum call-gathering information, triage, dis-patch, and pre-arrival instructions):5.1.20.1 Stranded or injured on a cliff, ledge, buil
28、ding, tree,or rock face: “High Angle Rescue.”5.1.20.2 Vehicle into ravine or over embankment requiringrough hike or rope: “High Angle Rescue.”5.1.20.3 Injured/Ill and further than eyesight of a 2wd roador trailhead: “Rescue.”5.1.20.4 In trouble in water: “Water Rescue.”(1) This includes responses to
29、 dry creek beds during anystorm warnings (per national weather service), monsoon andstorm seasons (almanac) and runoff seasons (spring, etc.).(2) Trapped in or on a vehicle or object.(3) Stranded, drowning, floating in moving water.(4) Drowning or trapped in still water.(5) Flooding house, building,
30、 mobile home, trailer; with/without collapse or fire hazard.(6) In, on, or under ice involving flowing or still water.5.1.20.5 In a confined or underground space (active orabandoned mine, cave, tunnel, pipe, tank, canyon, silo, sewer,well, trench, crevice, crevasse, structural collapse, industrialsp
31、ace, vessel, etc.): “Confined or Underground Space Rescue.”5.1.20.6 Involved in Hazardous Materials situation:“HazMat.”5.1.20.7 Requests for a helicopter search or rescue: “Heli-copter Search or Rescue.”5.1.20.8 Other agency request for technical SAR resource:“Other Agency SAR Request.”5.1.20.9 Airc
32、raft Crash. Usually more than 400 feet from a2wd road or involving technical rescue, or multiple patients:“Aircraft Crash.”5.1.20.10 Multi-casualty incident or disaster, natural disas-ter, Terrorism SAR (See U.S. National SAR Plan), Weapons ofMass Destruction (WMD): “MCI-Terrorism-WMD.”5.1.20.11 Str
33、anded in Blizzard/Snow. Stranded in home,building, vehicle, on foot: “Blizzard/Snow.”5.1.20.12 Avalanche involving hiker, skier, vehicle, snow-rider, etc.: “Avalanche.”5.1.20.13 Stranded in heat/desert/dust storm: “Heat/DesertRescue.”5.1.20.14 Lightning incidents: “Lightning Rescue.”5.1.20.15 Missin
34、g or overdue person, hiker, etc.: “Missing/Search.”5.1.20.16 Recovery of body, property, evidence from atechnical or SAR environment: “Search/Recovery.”5.1.20.17 Animal Rescue from any technical or SAR envi-ronment: “Animal Rescue.”5.1.21 Training for minimum call-gathering informationshall include
35、SAR-specific or disaster-specific information thatmay help to:F26620825.1.21.1 Determine resource selection of appropriate re-sponders and specialty units,5.1.21.2 Determine urgency of response needed and whatlevel of urgency by which responders and specialty units,5.1.21.3 Prepare responders and ag
36、encies with additionaltactical or situational details,5.1.21.4 Determine the incident to require law enforcementinvolvement (for example, kidnap, terrorism, lost or strandedperson is a suspect).6. Skills6.1 An SAR dispatcher shall demonstrate the ability to:6.1.1 Perform, to the trainers satisfactio
37、n, a sufficient num-ber and variety of actual or mock SAR incidents that are likelyto occur in their area of operations, including the selection anddispatch of appropriate resources, and follow-up reports.7. Keywords7.1 911 operator; dispatch; dispatcher; search and rescuedispatcher; SRD; telecommun
38、icationsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rig
39、hts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
40、 standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM
41、 Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2662083
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