ASTM F2680-2009 Standard Specification for Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems for Bicycles《自行车手工操作前轮刹车设备的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2680 09Standard Specification forManually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems forBicycles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the standard for front wheelretention systems for all bicycles equipped with manuallyoperated r

3、etention systems such as a quick release.1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped withmanually operated retention systems, and does not apply totool-operated wheel fastening systems.1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the perfor-mance of primary and secondary wheel retentio

4、n systems, withthe focus on preventing unintended wheel separation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It

5、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.2 adult bicycle, nbicycle designed for, and marketed to,a

6、dult riders.2.3 bicycle fork (fork), nmechanism between the headtube and front hub axle, including some or all of the followingcomponents; the steerer tube, crown, fork blades, triple clamps,shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts (forkends).2.4 direction of removal of the wheel from

7、the fork,ndirection, when both primary and secondary wheel reten-tion systems are disengaged, that provides the least resistanceto wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.2.5 dropout (fork end), nfork component used to support,or mount, the front wheel at the axle.2.6 manually operated, adjwithou

8、t the use of tools.2.7 primary retention, nsystem that keeps the bicyclewheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.2.8 primary retention system in the unlocked position,nposition where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the camis opened as far as possible or (2) if a turning style system sucha

9、s a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, themanual lever is loosened 360.2.9 quick release mechanism, nlever-actuated cammechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel tothe bicycle fork.2.10 secondary retention, nsystem that retains the bicyclewheel in the dropouts when th

10、e primary retention system is inthe open (unlocked) position.2.11 wheel hub, nassembly consisting of an axle con-nected by bearings to a hub shell, to which the spokes attach,and permitting the shell to revolve around the axle.3. Performance Requirements3.1 Bicycles equipped with manually operated p

11、rimaryretention systems shall be equipped with secondary retentionsystems.3.2 The primary retention system shall prevent relativemotion between the front wheel axle and the front fork whentested as shown in Fig. 1 by the methods described in 4.1.1.3.3 The secondary retention system shall prevent fro

12、ntwheel removal or partial separation when tested by themethods described in 4.1.2. An example of one type of frontwheel partial separation is shown in Fig. 2.3.4 Manually operated wheel retention systems shall not beused on bicycles with 20-in. (51-cm) diameter wheels orsmaller (excluding adult bic

13、ycles).4. Test Methods4.1 Test SetupAssemble and adjust the primary and sec-ondary retention systems according to the manufacturers in-structions. Remove the braking system entirely or set to thestate for wheel removal. With no tire on the wheel, and the forknon-rotatably mounted only by the steerer

14、 tube:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 onBicycles.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published March 2009.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700

15、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1 Primary Retention TestLock the primary retentionsystem for the riding condition and apply a force of 2300 N thatis distributed symmetrically on the axle for a period of 1 minin the direction of removal of the wheel from the fork.4.1.2 Secondary

16、 Retention TestAs shown in Fig. 3, withthe primary retention system in the unlocked position, apply aForce “A” of 200 N distributed symmetrically on the axle inthe direction of the removal of the wheel from the fork. Whileapplying Force “A”, apply an additional 100 N Force “B” onthe wheel rim as fol

17、lows:(1) LocationAt the intersection of the extension of theForce “A” vector and a rim of maximum size compatible withthe fork.(2) DirectionApplied on the wheel rim in a directionparallel to the hub axle.(3) DurationApply force for 1 min, then reduce Force“B” to zero as quickly as possible while mai

18、ntaining Force“A”. Then reduce Force “A” to zero.4.1.2.1 Repeat 4.1.2 with Force “B” applied on the oppositeside of the wheel (as shown in Fig. 4).4.1.2.2 If the wheel mounting system allows the wheel to bemounted in a reversible manner, re-mount the wheel reversedin the bicycle fork, an example of

19、which is shown in Fig. 5.4.1.2.3 Repeat the test described in 4.1.2 with the assemblyshown in Fig. 5.4.1.2.4 Repeat the test described in 4.1.2.1 with the assem-bly shown in Fig. 6.5. Rejection5.1 Bicycle front wheel retention systems that fail to meetthe performance requirements of this specificati

20、on will berejected.6. Keywords6.1 bicycle fork; bicycle quick release; bicycle wheel;dropout; fork end; wheel hub; wheel retentionFIG. 1 Typical Primary Retention Test ApparatusF2680092FIG. 2 Failure Mode ExamplesF2680093FIG. 3 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680094FIG. 4 Typical Seconda

21、ry Retention Test ApparatusF2680095FIG. 5 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusFIG. 6 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680096ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this

22、 standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five year

23、s andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committ

24、ee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2680097