ASTM F2680-2009(2014) Standard Specification for Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems for Bicycles《自行车人工操作前轮保持系统的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F2680 09 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Specification forManually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems forBicycles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio

2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the standard for front wheelretention systems for

3、 all bicycles equipped with manuallyoperated retention systems such as a quick release.1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped withmanually operated retention systems, and does not apply totool-operated wheel fastening systems.1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the perfor

4、-mance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, withthe focus on preventing unintended wheel separation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety

5、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 adult b

6、icycle, nbicycle designed for, and marketedto, adult riders.2.1.2 bicycle fork (fork), nmechanism between the headtube and front hub axle, including some or all of the followingcomponents; the steerer tube, crown, fork blades, triple clamps,shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts (for

7、kends).2.1.3 direction of removal of the wheel from the fork,ndirection, when both primary and secondary wheel reten-tion systems are disengaged, that provides the least resistanceto wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.2.1.4 dropout (fork end), nfork component used tosupport, or mount, the fr

8、ont wheel at the axle.2.1.5 manually operated, adjwithout the use of tools.2.1.6 primary retention, nsystem that keeps the bicyclewheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.2.1.7 primary retention system in the unlocked position,nposition where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the camis open

9、ed as far as possible or (2) if a turning style system suchas a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, themanual lever is loosened 360.2.1.8 quick release mechanism, nlever-actuated cammechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel tothe bicycle fork.2.1.9 secondary retention

10、, nsystem that retains the bicyclewheel in the dropouts when the primary retention system is inthe open (unlocked) position.2.1.10 wheel hub, nassembly consisting of an axle con-nected by bearings to a hub shell, to which the spokes attach,and permitting the shell to revolve around the axle.3. Perfo

11、rmance Requirements3.1 Bicycles equipped with manually operated primaryretention systems shall be equipped with secondary retentionsystems.3.2 The primary retention system shall prevent relativemotion between the front wheel axle and the front fork whentested as shown in Fig. 1 by the methods descri

12、bed in 4.1.1.3.3 The secondary retention system shall prevent frontwheel removal or partial separation when tested by themethods described in 4.1.2. An example of one type of frontwheel partial separation is shown in Fig. 2.3.4 Manually operated wheel retention systems shall not beused on bicycles w

13、ith 20-in. (51-cm) diameter wheels orsmaller (excluding adult bicycles).4. Test Methods4.1 Test SetupAssemble and adjust the primary and sec-ondary retention systems according to the manufacturers in-structions. Remove the braking system entirely or set to thestate for wheel removal. With no tire on

14、 the wheel, and the forknon-rotatably mounted only by the steerer tube:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. P

15、ublished May 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2680 09. DOI:10.1520/F2680-09R14.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1 Primary Retention TestLock the primary retentionsystem fo

16、r the riding condition and apply a force of 2300 N thatis distributed symmetrically on the axle for a period of 1 minin the direction of removal of the wheel from the fork.4.1.2 Secondary Retention TestAs shown in Fig. 3, withthe primary retention system in the unlocked position, apply aForce “A” of

17、 200 N distributed symmetrically on the axle inthe direction of the removal of the wheel from the fork. Whileapplying Force “A”, apply an additional 100 N Force “B” onthe wheel rim as follows:(1) LocationAt the intersection of the extension of theForce “A” vector and a rim of maximum size compatible

18、 withthe fork.(2) DirectionApplied on the wheel rim in a directionparallel to the hub axle.(3) DurationApply force for 1 min, then reduce Force“B” to zero as quickly as possible while maintaining Force“A”. Then reduce Force “A” to zero.4.1.2.1 Repeat 4.1.2 with Force “B” applied on the oppositeside

19、of the wheel (as shown in Fig. 4).4.1.2.2 If the wheel mounting system allows the wheel to bemounted in a reversible manner, re-mount the wheel reversedin the bicycle fork, an example of which is shown in Fig. 5.4.1.2.3 Repeat the test described in 4.1.2 with the assemblyshown in Fig. 5.4.1.2.4 Repe

20、at the test described in 4.1.2.1 with the assem-bly shown in Fig. 6.5. Rejection5.1 Bicycle front wheel retention systems that fail to meetthe performance requirements of this specification will berejected.6. Keywords6.1 bicycle fork; bicycle quick release; bicycle wheel;dropout; fork end; wheel hub

21、; wheel retentionFIG. 1 Typical Primary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 09 (2014)2FIG. 2 Failure Mode ExamplesF2680 09 (2014)3FIG. 3 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 09 (2014)4FIG. 4 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 09 (2014)5FIG. 5 Typical Secondary Retention Test Appara

22、tusFIG. 6 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 09 (2014)6ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any

23、 such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are in

24、vited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receive

25、d a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of t

26、his standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2680 09 (2014)7