ASTM F2685-2007 Standard Guide for Training of a Level II Land Search Team Member《二级陆地搜寻队成员的培训用标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2685 07Standard Guide forTraining of a Level II Land Search Team Member1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2685; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standardfor Level II land search team members as it relates to theirgeneral, field, and search-sp

3、ecific knowledge, skills, and expe-rience.1.2 A Level II land search team member searches on thesurface of the land only. This guide does not provide theminimum training requirements for searching in partially orfully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, orunderground (such as c

4、aves, mines, and tunnels).1.3 ALevel II search team member can be utilized as: a fieldteam leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a hasty searcher,and to establish segments in the field. No knots, rope, litter, orother rescue skills are required of a Level II.1.4 Level II search team members ar

5、e eligible to be mem-bers of type II search teams or crews as defined in Classifica-tion F 1993.1.5 Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained tothis standard are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), andKind C (mountainous).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concer

6、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 Further training may be required before a Level II landsearch team member can a

7、ctually participate on a particularkind of search team, depending on the authority havingjurisdictions regulations or policies.1.8 Land search team members are categorized by levels inwhich level one is the basic or entrance level and the numbersincrease as the requirements increase.2. Referenced Do

8、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1422 Guide for Using the Incident Command SystemFramework in Managing Civilian Search and RescueOperationsF 1490 Terminology Relating to Search and RescueF 1633 Guide for Techniques in Land SearchF 1767 Guide for Forms Used for Search and RescueF 1993 Classification Syst

9、em of Human Search and RescueResourcesF 2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search TeamMember3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 land search team member Level II, na member of aland search team who, as a minimum, meets the requirementsof this guide.3.1.2 track

10、log, na recording, in a GPS unit, of informa-tion about points along a route, including time, location, andelevation.3.1.3 way point, nlocations or landmarks recorded andstored in a GPS unit.3.1.4 bump line, nthe designated line or physical barrierthat is used to mark the end of a search segment.3.1

11、.5 wilderness, nsetting in which the delivery of patientcare by SAR personnel is adversely affected by logisticalcomplications, such as : an environment that is physicallystressful or hazardous to the patient, SAR personnel, or both;remoteness of the patients location, such that it causes a delayin

12、the delivery of care to the patient; or lack of adequatemedical supplies, equipment, or transportation.3.1.6 helicopter landing zone (LZ), nan area that has anadequate and acceptable touchdown pad, safety circle, andapproach/departure path.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, seeTe

13、rminology F 1490, Guide F 1633, Guide F 2209, Classifica-tion F 1993, and other references within this guide.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for train-ing land search team members as it relates to their general,field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and

14、experience. Aperson trained to this guide is a Level II land search teammember.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December

15、 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P

16、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Every person who is identified as a Level II land searchteam member shall have met the requirements of this guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencieshaving jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum trainingstan

17、dards for Level II land search team members4.4 It is up to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) todetermine the depth or detail of training to meet these needs.4.5 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from addingadditional requirements for its own members.4.6 This guide by itself is not a tr

18、aining document. It is onlyan outline of the topics required for training or evaluating aLevel II land search team member, but it can be used todevelop a training document or program.4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used withthe referenced documents to provide specific informationneed

19、ed by a Level II land search team member or AHJ.4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or otherdocument to determine if its content meets the necessary topicsfor training a Level II land search team member. Likewise, theguide can be used to evaluate an existing training program tosee if it me

20、ets the requirements in this guide.4.9 The knowledge and skills requirements presented in thefollowing sections are not presented in any particular order anddo not represent a training sequence.4.10 Except where a physical skill needs to be shown, it isup to the AHJ, instructor, evaluator, or tester

21、 to determine thebest way to evaluate a persons knowledge. This may be bywritten exam, oral exam, demonstration, or by some combina-tion of the three.5. General Knowledge and Skills Required for a Level IILand Search Team Member5.1 Candidates must have met qualifications for, and func-tioned as a le

22、vel I land search team member for a length of timedetermined by AHJ.5.1.1 Fitness standards shall be determined by AHJ.5.2 Incident Command System (See Guide F 1422)5.2.1 It is required that Level II land search team memberscomplete the National Incident Management System (NIMS)courses ICS-100, ICS-

23、200 and IS-700.5.3 Personal Safety and Survival5.3.1 A Level II land search team member must haveexperienced overnight situations during adverse weather con-ditions for his/her agencys normal area of operation.5.3.2 A Level II land search team member must haveexperience searching in adverse weather

24、conditions in hazard-ous terrain common to his/her agencys normal area of opera-tion.5.3.3 Level II must have a clear understanding of the basicskills needed for survival in his/her agencys normal area ofoperation.5.4 Land Navigation:5.4.1 Topo Maps5.4.1.1 Demonstrate the ability to locate in the fi

25、eld a pointshown on a map.5.4.1.2 Demonstrate the ability to locate a position in thefield on a map.5.4.1.3 Locate a search segment in the field.5.4.1.4 Demonstrate proficiency in using a topographicmap.5.4.2 Compass5.4.2.1 Demonstrate using a compass to guide a search teamin the field.5.4.2.2 Demon

26、strate putting in a bump line to delineate asearch segment.5.4.2.3 Demonstrate proficiency in using a compass.5.4.3 GPS5.4.3.1 Demonstrate the ability to create track logs andwaypoints.5.4.3.2 Demonstrate the ability to obtain information from aGPS unit and correlate to a topo map.5.5 Communication5

27、.5.1 Briefing5.5.1.1 Demonstrate briefing your team members on thefollowing subjects:(1) Subject information(2) Terrain(3) Tactics(4) Clues(5) Weather(6) Safety/Hazards(7) Assignment objectives(8) Attitude5.5.2 Debriefing5.5.2.1 Discuss debriefing forms or documentation used bythe AHJ or both (See G

28、uide F 1767).5.5.2.2 Demonstrate debriefing with the Plans Section onthe following subjects:(1) Safety issues(2) Coverage (POD)(3) Clues found(4) Search difficulties or problems or both in assigned area5.6 Search Techniques5.6.1 Demonstrate understanding of search techniques de-scribed in Guide F 16

29、33 that are used by your AHJ.5.6.2 Demonstrate the ability to lead a search crew using thesearch technique(s) assigned.5.7 Leadership5.7.1 Discuss responsibilities of a team leader.5.7.2 Discuss how to recognize morale problems.5.7.3 Discuss ways to improve morale.5.7.4 Discuss methods of handling c

30、rew deficiencies in thefield, that is, equipment problems (radio, etc.) or personnelproblems (discipline, etc.).5.8 Safety5.8.1 Describe ways of handling safety problems that mayconfront your crew due to local environmental hazards.5.8.2 Describe ways of handling safety problems that mayconfront you

31、r crew due to equipment or mechanical hazards.5.9 Helicopter5.9.1 Describe safety precautions for loading and unloadinghelicopters.5.9.2 Discuss the selection and concerns of a landing zonein a populated area.5.9.3 Discuss the selection and concerns of a landing zonein a remote area.F26850725.10 Equ

32、ipment5.10.1 Demonstrate a proficiency in operating all availablepersonal and agency equipment intended for your use.5.11 First-Aid and Medical5.11.1 Level II land searchers should have “wilderness”first-aid training.5.11.2 The AHJ shall determine the specific requirementsfor the first aid and medic

33、al training.6. Keywords6.1 experience; leadership; search; wildernessASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of an

34、y such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are i

35、nvited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv

36、ed a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2685073