1、Designation: F2697 15Standard Test Methods forPhysical Assault on Overhead Horizontal Fixed Barriers forDetention and Correctional Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2697; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover requirements for simulatedservice tests and testing equipment f
3、or determining the perfor-mance characteristics of horizontal fixed barriers designed toincarcerate inmates in detention and correctional institutions.The testing equipment provides for the setup and testing ofsample barriers and installation systems.1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to hel
4、p ensure thatdetention security horizontal fixed barriers perform at or aboveminimum acceptable levels for control of passage to unauthor-ized or secure areas, to confine inmates, and to delay andfrustrate escape attempts. Provide security grilles, accessdoors, light fixtures, and similar assemblies
5、 compatible withthese levels of performance, with test apparatus adjustments asrequired to suit the particular product.1.3 These test methods apply to horizontal fixed barriersenclosing or separating secure areas of detention/correctionalfacilities.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
6、 regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversion to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
7、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1450 Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging DoorAssemblies for Detention and Correctional FacilitiesF1592 Te
8、st Methods for Detention Hollow Metal VisionSystemsF1915 Test Methods for Glazing for Detention FacilitiesF2322 Test Methods for Physical Assault on Vertical FixedBarriers for Detention and Correctional Facilities3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 detention securityassurance of the restriction ofmo
9、bility of inmates to designated areas within a correctional ordetention facility.3.1.2 forcible egressan opening created in the test ceilingwhich allows a 5 in. (127 mm) by 8 in. (203 mm) by 8 in. (203mm) rigid rectangular box to be passed through it with forcenot exceeding 10 lbf (44.5 N).3.1.3 int
10、erstitial spacethe space above the ceiling andbelow the building floor or roof structure above.3.1.4 manufacturerthe party responsible for theconstruction, fabrication, or supply of the test samples orcomponents used to construct the test samples.3.1.5 performance characteristicthe response of the c
11、eil-ing in any one of the tests described herein.3.1.6 tamper-resistant security screwscrew that is de-signed to be removed only by special tools kept by detention/correctional facility maintenance personnel.3.1.7 test completionconduct of one test sequence foreach ceiling.3.1.8 testing laboratoryan
12、 independent materials testinglaboratory not associated with the manufacturer.4. Significance and Use4.1 A major concern for administrative officials is thesecurity of barriers used in detention/correctional facilities.These test methods are designed to aid in identifying levels ofphysical security
13、for horizontal fixed barriers, which serve toenclose or separate secure areas. This does not apply to thepassage of contraband or vandalism.4.2 These test methods are not intended to provide ameasure of resistance for a ceiling subjected to attack bycorrosive agents, by high-powered rifles, explosiv
14、es, sawing,1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 onDetention and Correctional Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee F33.02 on Physical Barriers.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. DOI: 10.1520/F2697-15.2For referenced A
15、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
16、ocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1or other such methods not typically available to inmates. Thesetest methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of a ceilingto violent attacks by sustained manpower using batteringdevices, such as benches, barbells, bunks, or tables; and by anupward static for
17、ce such that could be applied by an inmatepushing against the ceiling with his hands, feet, or back (that is,squat position on a top bunk in a cell).Attacks from outside thefacility and fire resistance ratings are not addressed in thisstandard.4.3 The primary purpose or result of these test methods
18、is toapproximate the levels of abuse to which horizontal fixedbarriers could possibly be subjected in the field. The desiredresult of its use is to help provide assurance of protection to thepublic, to facility personnel, and to the inmates themselves.4.4 It is recommended that detention/correctiona
19、l facilityadministration provide adequate training, supervision, andpreventive maintenance programs to enable horizontal fixedbarriers to function as intended throughout the expected servicelife.5. Sampling5.1 Sample ceiling shall be constructed in accordance with6.1.5.2 Test reports shall include c
20、omplete details of the testsamples, details, photographs, or a combination thereof, of thetesting apparatus and installation or construction instructions(See Section 9).5.3 In the event of failure in one or more of the performancetests, the manufacturer shall provide another complete testsample or s
21、hall continue testing in another location on theceiling, subject to the direction of the testing laboratory.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Construction:6.1.1 The construction of the test ceiling shall be represen-tative of the ceiling as it will be placed in service.6.1.2 Required results indicated in T
22、able 1 are based upon asample size of 8 ft (2438 mm) long by 8 ft (2438 mm) wide 61 in. (25.4 mm).6.2 Impact Test Fixture:6.2.1 The test ceiling support fixture shall simulate therigidity normally provided to a ceiling in a building byadjoining walls and by support from the floor or roof above(Fig.
23、1).6.2.2 It is acceptable to modify the test ceiling supportfixture from that shown in order to accommodate longerlengths or larger sizes of test samples.6.2.3 Description of the Test CeilingThe test ceiling shallbe constructed and mounted horizontally in the test fixture andshall be supported as de
24、scribed in 6.2.1 throughout the testingprocedure. The ceiling specification shall be included as part ofthe test report.6.3 Ceiling Construction or Mounting for Impact Testing:6.3.1 Construct and install the test ceiling as shown in Fig.1. The ceiling test sample shown in Fig. 1 represents a ceiling
25、design which requires a structural support at the center of thetest opening. Ceiling systems that do not require a centersupport shall be installed such that the ceiling panels span the8 ft (2438 mm) test opening and are not supported by theoverhead structural channel support. Position the specified
26、 testapparatus underneath the test ceiling in preparation to admin-ister the series of impacts and static loads described in 7.1.4and 7.2.4.7. Procedures7.1 Ceiling System Impact Test:7.1.1 ScopeThis test method is designed to evaluate thecapability of a complete test ceiling to resist repetitive im
27、pactforces at the designated critical areas.7.1.2 Significance and Use:7.1.2.1 This test method is intended to closely simulate asustained, vertical battering ram style attack and provide anevaluation of the capability of the assembly to prevent, delay,and frustrate escape or access, or both, into o
28、verhead “inter-stitial” spaces and other unauthorized areas. The test has thepotential to be used to aid in identifying a level of physicalsecurity for various configurations of horizontal fixed barriers.7.1.2.2 An impact test of this design performed on acomplete test ceiling evaluates the impact f
29、atigue strength andthe quality of construction and fabrication techniques as well asthe strengths of materials used.7.1.3 Apparatus:7.1.3.1 Impact and Static Load Test Fixture, constructedusing structural steel tubing, channel, and plate to provide ameans for mounting a test section of ceiling in th
30、e horizontalposition (Fig. 1), and for applying the required series ofimpacts applied upward at the target areas designated in Table1.7.1.3.2 The impact test device (Fig. 2) shall consist of aportable impactor that converts vertically downward impactenergy to the equivalent vertically upward impact
31、energy, andthat upon release will deliver impacts against the test ceiling.The impactor arm shall be fabricated as shown in Fig. 2, andshall be balanced, smooth operating, and frictionless to within6 lmb placed at mass end of the impactor arm, prior toattachment of the 133 lbm impact mass. The appar
32、atus shall bedesigned and calibrated to deliver impacts of 200 ftlbf (271.2J) against the test ceiling and shall be portable in order to bepositioned under the target locations designated in Table 1. Thevertical ram shall be constructed such that the blunt impactor(Fig. 3) or the sharp impactor (Fig
33、. 4) can be attached for thepurpose of conducting the impact sequences.7.1.3.3 Blunt ImpactorThe blunt impactor shall be fabri-cated from C1010-1020 carbon steel and shall be attachable tothe steel impact ram in accordance with Fig. 3. The strikingsurface of the impactor shall have a surface area of
34、 4 6 0.04in.2(2580 6 25.8 mm2) and shall have rounded edges similarto a 10 lb (4.54 kg) sledge hammer head.7.1.3.4 Sharp ImpactorThe sharp impactor shall be fabri-cated from C1010-1020 carbon steel and shall be attachable tothe steel impact ram in accordance with Fig. 4. The sharpnessof the impact p
35、oint shall be similar to the end of a newFiremans axe at the beginning of the test sequence.7.1.4 Procedure:F2697 1527.1.4.1 With the test fixture and apparatus, deliver the seriesof impacts listed in Table 1 to the test ceiling.7.1.4.2 Construct and mount the 8 ft (2438 mm) high by 8ft (2438 mm) 6
36、1 in. (25.4 mm) wide test ceiling supported onall four sides from the ceiling test fixture illustrated in Fig. 1 inthe manner that it would be supported in an actual fieldinstallation. If the ceiling design requires control joints orseams, these control joints or seams shall be included in the testc
37、eiling for the purpose of testing. Impact testing against theinterstitial space side of the ceiling sample is not required.7.1.4.3 Install the ceiling panel with the exposed, or “room,”side surface facing downward and the unexposed, or “intersti-tial space,” side surface facing upward.7.1.4.4 Apply
38、the required number of impacts in accordancewith Table 1 to the underneath, or “room,” side of the testceiling. If there are no predicted weak points in the test ceiling,apply the impacts to target areas designated in Table 1. If thereare predicted weak points other than the target locations, suchas
39、 seams, unsupported edges, or other types of ceiling joints,apply the impacts at one of those locations. Repeatability ofimpact location during each series shall be 62 in. (51 mm)horizontally from the designated impact target.7.1.4.5 Using the test apparatus in accordance with 7.1.3,begin the series
40、 of strikes against the selected target area of thetest ceiling for the number of required impacts, first with theblunt impactor followed by the sharp impactor attached to theram in cyclic sequences of 50 impacts each. The requiredimpact energy for the blunt impactors is 200 ftlbf (271.2 J) perimpac
41、t, and the required impact energy for the sharp impactoris 100 ftlbf (135.6 J) per impact.7.1.4.6 During the test, reposition the impact device asnecessary to produce the maximum possible duress on the testFIG. 1 Fixed Overhead Barrier Test FixtureF2697 153ceiling, leading to ceiling failure. The ti
42、me for repositioningand changing of the impactors is not to be included in the testduration time. Record the number of strikes required toproduce the first penetration of the ceiling, and the number ofstrikes required to produce an opening large enough to achieveforcible egress.7.1.4.7 Apply the req
43、uired number of impacts to eachlocation in accordance with Table 1.7.1.5 Required Result:7.1.5.1 The ceiling must remain in place throughout thetesting procedure.7.1.5.2 Failure is constituted by the ceiling being damagedto the extent that forcible egress can be achieved, or to theextent that the im
44、pact test cannot be continued in a practicalmanner in accordance with 7.1.4 and 7.1.5.7.1.6 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of this testmethod for evaluating the impact resistance of a horizontalfixed barrier are being determined.FIG. 2 Portable Impact ApparatusF2697 1547.2 Ceiling Static L
45、oad Test:FIG. 3 Blunt Impactor AssemblyFIG. 4 Sharp Impactor AssemblyF2697 1557.2.1 ScopeThis test method is designed to evaluate thecapability of a section of ceiling to resist a steadily increasingforce applied at a small area concentrated at the center of thesection.7.2.2 Significance and UseThis
46、 test method is intended tosimulate an inmate pushing against the ceiling with his feet,hands, or back (from a squat position) from either the top bunkin a cell or other elevated object in a cell or day room in anattempt to damage, dislodge, or break through the ceiling forpurpose of escaping out of
47、 the secure area, through theinterstitial space, into unsecured areas, and ultimately tofreedom.7.2.3 Apparatus:7.2.3.1 Impact and Static Load Test Fixture, constructedusing structural steel tubing, I-beam, angle, and plate toprovide a means for mounting a test section of ceiling in thehorizontal po
48、sition (Fig. 1), and for applying an increasingstatic load upward at target areas designated in Table 1.7.2.3.2 1-in. (25 mm) Travel Dial Indicator, with resolutionof 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) and support stand, such that center pointof deflection of the test sample can be accurately measured asthe static
49、 load is applied. The indicator shall be permitted to bemechanical or digital.7.2.3.3 Hydraulic Ram and Pump, equipped with a gauge,or a load cell, to provide the static load (Fig. 5). The pump,ram, and gauge shall be calibrated by the testing laboratory anda chart provided that converts pounds-force per square inchgauge (kPa) to pounds-force (Newtons). If a load cell is used,it shall be certified by the testing laboratory prior to use.7.2.3.4 Static load testing fixtures of alternate designs otherthan that shown in Fig. 5 shall be permitted to be submitted to
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