ASTM F2698-2008(2013) Standard Guide for Fences for Above-Ground and In-ground Skate Park Facilities《地上和地下溜冰公园设施用栅栏的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F2698 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forFences for Above-Ground and In-ground Skate ParkFacilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommended minimum require-ments for denoting the various types of fences/barriers forskate p

3、arks and for inline skating or roller hockey rinks andextreme performance areas.1.2 This guide provides the minimum requirements for theprotection of the participants from intrusion of other activityusers; from unauthorized and unsupervised use by users thatcould be harmed by unanticipated entry int

4、o the area and fromfalls into in-ground skate park area.1.3 This guide provides for the safety of spectators fromerrant skateboard use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.5 This standard

5、 does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM

6、Standards:2A392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricA491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricF537 Specification for Design, Fabrication, and Installationof Fences Constructed of Wood and Related MaterialsF552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF

7、668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyolefinand Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence FabricF900 Specification for Industrial and Commercial SteelSwing GatesF964 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing and RailingF1043 Specification f

8、or Strength and Protective Coatings onSteel Industrial Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF2408 Specification for Ornamental

9、Fences Employing Gal-vanized Steel Tubular PicketsF2453/F2453M Specification for Welded Wire Mesh FenceFabric (Metallic-Coated or Polymer Coated) for Meshesof 6 in.23871 mm2 or Less, in Panels or Rolls, withUniform MeshesF2589 Specification for Ornamental Fences Employing SteelTubular Pickets3. Term

10、inology3.1 See Terminology F552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, na type of barrier that surrounds and obstructsaccess to the skate park. Examples: chain link, wood,ornamental, PVC extrusions.3.2.2 grade, nthe fini

11、shed elevation at any specified pointof the ground or pavement outside the skate park.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide is based in part upon findings of the UnitedStates Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), theAmerican Association of Pediatrics, the National Center forInjury Prevention, the N

12、ational Recreation and Park Associa-tion and the American Medical Association. It also incorpo-rates certain provisions of the ASTM Committee F08 TaskGroups on Skate Park Standards.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances rel

13、ating to fences/barriersseparating pedestrian circulation and traffic areas from skate1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Current edition approved March 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Or

14、iginallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2698 - 08. DOI:10.1520/F2698-08R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard

15、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1park and related venue enclosures to prevent collision, containthe skateboards and prevent falls into such in-ground venueareas.5.2 This guide

16、sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to enclosing skateparks and preventing unfamiliar use of the facilities creatingfalls from hazards.5.3 This guide does not have the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a mor

17、erestrictive nature.5.4 Studies have been the basis for certain recommendationsin this guide and will assist those who intend to provideprotection against unfamiliar access by restricting access tochildren under the age of five years who have no training andothers unfamiliar with the equipment and f

18、eatures in skate-boards. This would include, but is not limited to, state and localgovernments, model code organizations, building code groups,and consumers. It is understood that the format will varydepending upon the specific use and local conditions.6. Requirements6.1 HeightThe top of the fence s

19、hall be a minimum of 72in. (1829 mm) above grade measured on the side of the fence,which faces away from the facility.6.2 Visibility and Accessibility for Emergencies The fenceshall be so designed and constructed that it allows for 50 %visibility and accessibility from a designated supervising areao

20、utside the area to inside the area.6.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be 2 in. (50mm) measured on the side of the fence, which faces away fromthe skate park.6.4 Chain-link Mesh2 in (50 mm) mesh 9-gauge wire incompliance with Specificatio

21、ns A392, A491, F668,orF1345having knuckle/knuckle selvage. Mesh sizes greater than thestandard 2 in. (50 mm) are not permitted.6.5 Welded Wire MeshMaximum opening 2 in. by 2 in.(50 mm by 50 mm), minimum 9 gauge wire in compliance withSpecification F2453/F2453M.6.6 Decorative FencesWhere the fence is

22、 composed ofdiagonal members, (such as in a lattice fence), any openingcreated by the diagonal members shall be a maximum of 2.9 in.(74 mm) measured in its largest direction, rigid PVC profilefences shall comply with Specification F964 and wood fencingshall comply with Specification F537.6.7 Ornamen

23、tal and Picket FencesWhere fence is com-posed of vertical pickets the spacing between pickets shall notbe greater than 4 in. (101 mm). Ornamental steel fence shallcomply with Specification F2408 or Specification F2589, rigidPVC profile fences shall comply with Specification F964 andwood fencing shal

24、l comply with Specification F537.6.8 Diagonal bracing members extending from one cornerto the opposite comer creating a ladder effect on all stylesoffences and gates are not permitted where spacing of verticalmembers in any area between posts exceeds 134 in. (44 mm)to prevent climbing.6.9 Framework

25、and FittingsThe strength of the fence andits framework shall be structurally designed to provide thedesired security, safety and strength to withstand area windload forces. Chain link framework shall comply with Specifi-cation F1043 or Specification F1083.6.10 Access Gates:6.10.1 Double leaf access

26、gates shall comply with therequirements of 6.1 through 6.5 and shall be equipped with apadlock or other key-operated locking device that is alwayslocked when the gate is not in use. Chain link swing gates shallmeet the requirements of Specification F900.6.10.2 Single leaf access gates shall comply w

27、ith applicableASTM specifications; open outward away from the skate park;shall be self-closing; and shall have a self-latching device.Chain link single swing gates shall meet the requirements ofSpecification F900.6.11 GroundingWhen required, fence shall be groundedin compliance with the requirements

28、 of local utilities andelectrical codes.7. Prohibited Locations7.1 Fence/BarriersShall be located so as to prohibit theuse of permanent or replaceable structures, equipment, land-scaping or similar objects to aid in climbing the fence/barrier.8. Safety Signs8.1 Safety signs shall be mounted on skate

29、 park barriers tocommunicate important information to users regarding theexistence of hazards and ways to avoid personal injury. Thecommunication of safety critical information is a non-delegable responsibility of skate park venue owners andoperators. These signs shall tell people about a threat to

30、theirwell being posted by dangerous conditions or products and asa safety measure to change behavior so that people act safelyrather than unsafely.8.2 Warning signs shall be located in proximity to the actualhazard. They shall clearly and concisely tell people how toavoid being hurt in a way, which

31、is readily understood andfollowed by those being warned. The signs shall providemotivation to act safely by explicitly stating the consequencesof failure to act appropriately and by the use of the signalwords: “DANGER”, “WARNING”, and “ CAUTION”torefer to the severity of the threat to the well being

32、 of the personbeing warned. In the latter regard, the signal “DANGER ”isused to denote the possibility of serious permanent injury ordeath, the signal word “WARNING” is used to mark the threatof serious recoverable injury and the signal word “CAUTION” is used to mark the possibility of moderate or m

33、inor injury.The signs should also convey the unsafe conditions.8.3 Warning signs must be durable, legible, illuminated, inlarge type, unambiguous, serious, and in simple language sothat all of the objectives are met for the duration of theexistence of the hazard.9. Maintenance and Inspection9.1 It i

34、s the responsibility of the owner to maintain theintegrity of the fence and to regularly inspect the gates, doors,etc. for proper closing and latching operation.F2698 08 (2013)29.2 Keep the area outside the fence free of toys, furniture, orother objects, which could be moved by a child and used tocl

35、imb the fence.10. Keywords10.1 barrier; fence; fences; skate parkASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any su

36、ch patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invit

37、ed either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a

38、 fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this

39、 standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2698 08 (2013)3