ASTM F2698-2008(2018) Standard Guide for Fences for Above-Ground and In-ground Skate Park Facilities.pdf

1、Designation: F2698 08 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forFences for Above-Ground and In-ground Skate ParkFacilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommended minimum require-ments for denoting the various types of fences/barriers forskate p

3、arks and for inline skating or roller hockey rinks andextreme performance areas.1.2 This guide provides the minimum requirements for theprotection of the participants from intrusion of other activityusers; from unauthorized and unsupervised use by users thatcould be harmed by unanticipated entry int

4、o the area and fromfalls into in-ground skate park area.1.3 This guide provides for the safety of spectators fromerrant skateboard use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.5 This standard

5、 does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This interna

6、tional standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Com

7、mittee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricA491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricF537 Specification for Design, Fabrication, and Installationof Fences Constructed of Wood and Related MaterialsF552 Term

8、inology Relating to Chain Link FencingF668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyolefinand Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence FabricF900 Specification for Industrial and Commercial SteelSwing GatesF964 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Exterior Profiles Used for F

9、encing and RailingF1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings onSteel Industrial Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fa

10、bricF2408 Specification for Ornamental Fences Employing Gal-vanized Steel Tubular PicketsF2453/F2453M Specification for Welded Wire Mesh FenceFabric (Metallic-Coated or Polymer Coated) for Meshesof 6 in.23871 mm2 or Less, in Panels or Rolls, withUniform MeshesF2589 Specification for Ornamental Fence

11、s Employing SteelTubular Pickets3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, na type of barrier that surrounds and obstructsaccess to the skate park. Examples: chain link, wood,ornamental

12、, PVC extrusions.3.2.2 grade, nthe finished elevation at any specified pointof the ground or pavement outside the skate park.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide is based in part upon findings of the UnitedStates Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), theAmerican Association of Pediatrics, the Nati

13、onal Center for1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on SpecificApplications and OtherFence Systems and Components.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last pre

14、vious edition approved in 2013 as F2698 - 08(2013).DOI: 10.1520/F2698-08R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth

15、e ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevel

16、opment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Injury Prevention, the National Recreation and Park Associa-tion and the American Medical Association. It also incorpo-rates certain provisions of the AST

17、M Committee F08 TaskGroups on Skate Park Standards.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to fences/barriersseparating pedestrian circulation and traffic areas from skatepark and related venue enclosures to prevent

18、 collision, containthe skateboards and prevent falls into such in-ground venueareas.5.2 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to enclosing skateparks and preventing unfamiliar use of the facilities creatingfalls from hazards.5.3 This guide

19、does not have the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.4 Studies have been the basis for certain recommendationsin this guide and will assist those who intend to provideprotection against unfamiliar access by restricting access tochil

20、dren under the age of five years who have no training andothers unfamiliar with the equipment and features in skate-boards. This would include, but is not limited to, state and localgovernments, model code organizations, building code groups,and consumers. It is understood that the format will varyd

21、epending upon the specific use and local conditions.6. Requirements6.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall be a minimum of 72in. (1829 mm) above grade measured on the side of the fence,which faces away from the facility.6.2 Visibility and Accessibility for Emergencies The fenceshall be so designed and

22、constructed that it allows for 50 %visibility and accessibility from a designated supervising areaoutside the area to inside the area.6.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be 2 in. (50mm) measured on the side of the fence, which faces away

23、fromthe skate park.6.4 Chain-link Mesh2 in (50 mm) mesh 9-gauge wire incompliance with Specifications A392, A491, F668,orF1345having knuckle/knuckle selvage. Mesh sizes greater than thestandard 2 in. (50 mm) are not permitted.6.5 Welded Wire MeshMaximum opening 2 in. by 2 in.(50 mm by 50 mm), minimu

24、m 9 gauge wire in compliance withSpecification F2453/F2453M.6.6 Decorative FencesWhere the fence is composed ofdiagonal members, (such as in a lattice fence), any openingcreated by the diagonal members shall be a maximum of 2.9 in.(74 mm) measured in its largest direction, rigid PVC profilefences sh

25、all comply with Specification F964 and wood fencingshall comply with Specification F537.6.7 Ornamental and Picket FencesWhere fence is com-posed of vertical pickets the spacing between pickets shall notbe greater than 4 in. (101 mm). Ornamental steel fence shallcomply with Specification F2408 or Spe

26、cification F2589, rigidPVC profile fences shall comply with Specification F964 andwood fencing shall comply with Specification F537.6.8 Diagonal bracing members extending from one cornerto the opposite comer creating a ladder effect on all stylesoffences and gates are not permitted where spacing of

27、verticalmembers in any area between posts exceeds 134 in. (44 mm)to prevent climbing.6.9 Framework and FittingsThe strength of the fence andits framework shall be structurally designed to provide thedesired security, safety and strength to withstand area windload forces. Chain link framework shall c

28、omply with Specifi-cation F1043 or Specification F1083.6.10 Access Gates:6.10.1 Double leaf access gates shall comply with therequirements of 6.1 through 6.5 and shall be equipped with apadlock or other key-operated locking device that is alwayslocked when the gate is not in use. Chain link swing ga

29、tes shallmeet the requirements of Specification F900.6.10.2 Single leaf access gates shall comply with applicableASTM specifications; open outward away from the skate park;shall be self-closing; and shall have a self-latching device.Chain link single swing gates shall meet the requirements ofSpecifi

30、cation F900.6.11 GroundingWhen required, fence shall be groundedin compliance with the requirements of local utilities andelectrical codes.7. Prohibited Locations7.1 Fence/BarriersShall be located so as to prohibit theuse of permanent or replaceable structures, equipment, land-scaping or similar obj

31、ects to aid in climbing the fence/barrier.8. Safety Signs8.1 Safety signs shall be mounted on skate park barriers tocommunicate important information to users regarding theexistence of hazards and ways to avoid personal injury. Thecommunication of safety critical information is a non-delegable respo

32、nsibility of skate park venue owners andoperators. These signs shall tell people about a threat to theirwell being posted by dangerous conditions or products and asa safety measure to change behavior so that people act safelyrather than unsafely.8.2 Warning signs shall be located in proximity to the

33、 actualhazard. They shall clearly and concisely tell people how toavoid being hurt in a way, which is readily understood andfollowed by those being warned. The signs shall providemotivation to act safely by explicitly stating the consequencesof failure to act appropriately and by the use of the sign

34、alwords: “DANGER”, “WARNING”, and “CAUTION”torefer to the severity of the threat to the well being of the personbeing warned. In the latter regard, the signal “DANGER”isused to denote the possibility of serious permanent injury ordeath, the signal word “WARNING” is used to mark the threatF2698 08 (2

35、018)2of serious recoverable injury and the signal word “CAUTION”is used to mark the possibility of moderate or minor injury. Thesigns should also convey the unsafe conditions.8.3 Warning signs must be durable, legible, illuminated, inlarge type, unambiguous, serious, and in simple language sothat al

36、l of the objectives are met for the duration of theexistence of the hazard.9. Maintenance and Inspection9.1 It is the responsibility of the owner to maintain theintegrity of the fence and to regularly inspect the gates, doors,etc. for proper closing and latching operation.9.2 Keep the area outside t

37、he fence free of toys, furniture, orother objects, which could be moved by a child and used toclimb the fence.10. Keywords10.1 barrier; fence; fences; skate parkASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta

38、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi

39、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib

40、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co

41、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 08 (2018)3