ASTM F2748-2015 Standard Specification for Airsoft Guns《气枪的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: F2748 14F2748 15Standard Specification forLow Energy Air Airsoft Guns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa

2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONTo perform as intended, a low energy air an airsoft gun requires a level of power which, if misused,can cause serious injury. This specification is

3、 intended to reduce the hazards associated with lowenergy air airsoft gun use. This specification cannot control careless use or eliminate all hazards ofmisuse. Terminology is standardized in this specification, so that conforming products will beidentified in the same manner, and critical dimension

4、s are standardized to assure safe interchange-ability of projectiles in all conforming low energy air airsoft guns. Product performance hazards areidentified and requirements are established to minimize these hazards. This specification is writtenwithin the current state-of-the-art of low energy air

5、 airsoft gun technology. The intent is to revise thisspecification whenever substantive information becomes available which justifies revising existingrequirements or adding new requirements.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers low energy air airsoft guns which propel a projectile by means of energ

6、y released by compressedgas, compressed CO2, mechanical springs, battery or a combination thereof, used in the sport commonly called airsoft or air soft,and is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2654.1.2 LimitationsThis specification does not cover the following types of products: Non-pow

7、der guns as specifically defined inConsumer Safety Specification F589 and which are commonly referred to as BB or pellet guns; paintball markers as specificallydefined in Specification F2272; toy products; and non-recreational air guns, for example, those used by law enforcement, scientific,military

8、, industrial, or theatrical entities.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address

9、all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F589 Consumer Safety

10、 Specification for Non-Powder GunsF2272 Specification for Paintball MarkersF2654 Specification for Airsoft Gun WarningsF2679 Specification for 6 mm Projectiles Used with Airsoft Guns2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:315 CFR 1150 Marking of Toy, Look-Alike and Imitation Firearms1 This specification is

11、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.27 on Airsoft.Current edition approved May 1, 2014April 1, 2015. Published May 2014April 2015. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition app

12、roved in 20082014 asF2748 08.F2748 14. DOI: 10.1520/F2748-14.10.1520/F2748-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on

13、the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of wh

14、at changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered th

15、e official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 airsoft gun, ncommonly referred to as airsoft gun, air soft gun, or soft air gun, or any combin

16、ation thereof, or a lowenergy air gun (LEAG), refers to a device specifically designed to expel a projectile as described in Specification F2679, by therelease of energy by compressed air, compressed gas, mechanical springs, battery, or a combination thereof.3.1.2 airsoft gun projectile, nspherical,

17、 of 6 mm (.24 cal) diameter, non-metallic and non-liquid filled projectile to be usedin an airsoft gun as specifically referred to in Specification F2679.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThese are also referred to as airsoft BBs.3.1.3 backstop, nobject intended to stop a low energy air an airsoft gun projectile.3.

18、1.4 barrel, nthat portion of a low energy air an airsoft gun through which the projectile is discharged.3.1.5 cocking, vaction that allows the user to store manual energy.3.1.6 hammer, ndevice which, when released, discharges the stored energy.3.1.7 hop-up, ndevice that changes the spin on a project

19、ile to affect its trajectory.3.1.6 low energy air gun (LEAG), ncommonly referred to as airsoft gun or air soft gun, a device specifically designed to expela low energy air gun projectile, by the release of energy by compressed gas, compressed CO2, mechanical springs, battery, or acombination thereof

20、.3.1.8 magazine, ndevice used in a low energy air an airsoft gun to store projectiles.3.1.8 projectile (LEAG projectile), nspherical, commonly 6 mm (.24 cal), non-metallic and non-liquid filled projectile to beused in a low energy air gun, as specifically referred to in Specification F2679.3.1.9 pro

21、pulsion system, combination, npropulsion system in which a combination of spring, spring-piston, pneumatic, or gassystems can be used to provide the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.10 propulsion system, electronic, npropulsion system in which an electronic system is used to provide the energy to

22、 propelthe projectile.3.1.11 propulsion system, gas, npropulsion system in which a gas system, including CO2, is used to provide the energy topropel the projectile. CO2 propulsion system is a type of gas propulsion system.3.1.12 propulsion system, spring-piston (also known as spring-air), npropulsio

23、n system in which the projectile is propelledby air pressure that is created by a piston moved by a spring.3.1.13 propulsion system, pneumatic, npropulsion system in which compressed air is stored under pressure and, whenreleased, provides the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.13.1 DiscussionA pne

24、umatic low energy air airsoft gun normally has a pump system to provide the compressed air.3.1.14 propulsion system, pre-charged pneumatic, npropulsion system in which the energy is provided by compressed gas,normally compressed air, stored in a refillable cylinder charged by an external source.3.1.

25、14.1 DiscussionThe release of the compressed gas provides the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.15 pumping mechanism (pneumatic gun), nmechanical device used to compress air.3.1.16 range, nmaximum distance to which an object may be propelled, whether limited by energy or an obstacle.3.1.17 safety

26、device, ndevice which, when activated, disables a part of the low energy air airsoft gun, usually the trigger, toprevent unintentional discharges and must be released to allow the low energy air airsoft gun to be discharged by the movementof the trigger.3.1.17.1 DiscussionThe device is sometimes ref

27、erred to as the “safety,” “safety button,” or “safety lever.” An electronic on/off switch is considereda safety device when placing it in the “off” position renders the low energy air airsoft gun inoperable.F2748 1523.1.18 standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP), nused to describe a substan

28、ce at the pressure of 1 bar (1.01325atmospheres, 750 mm Hg, 14.5 psi, 100 kPa) and a temperature of 25C (77F).3.1.19 target, nobject at which the low energy air airsoft gun is discharged.3.1.20 trigger, ndevice operated by the user to discharge a low energy air an airsoft gun.3.1.21 trigger guard, n

29、rigid, firmly attached component that must totally enclose the trigger area and be wider than the trigger.3.1.21.1 DiscussionThere can be no more than 38 mm (1.5 in.) of space from any point on the face of the trigger to the trigger guard, and no morethan 13 mm (0.5 in.) from the lowest point of the

30、 trigger to the trigger guard. All measurements under this rule are to be takenafter excluding any removable attachments to the trigger.3.1.22 trigger pull, nforce required to move the trigger from its start or recycle/reset position to a position that discharges thelow energy air airsoft gun.4. Sig

31、nificance and Use4.1 This specification establishes performance requirements and test methods for low energy air airsoft guns.5. Conformance5.1 Low energy air Airsoft guns shall not, either by label or other means, indicate conformance with this specification unless,at the time of manufacture, they

32、conform with all applicable requirements contained herein.6. General Requirements6.1 LiteratureEach low energy air airsoft gun shall include the product literature as specified in Specification F2654.6.2 PackagingThe packaging of each low energy air airsoft gun shall comply, as applicable, with Spec

33、ification F2654.6.3 Product MarkingLow energy air Airsoft guns shall be marked in accordance with Specification F2654.6.4 FinishThe exposed edges of all low energy air airsoft guns shall be smooth and free of sharp edges, burrs, and splinters.6.5 Shipping:6.5.1 Each low energy air airsoft gun shall

34、be shipped in an unloaded, uncharged, and uncocked condition.6.5.2 All low energy air airsoft guns must shoot at an energy level under 2.9 joules at the time of shipment at SATP.6.6 Design:6.6.1 All low energy air airsoft guns with an exposed trigger shall have a trigger guard.6.6.2 It is the respon

35、sibility of the manufacturer to determine whether federal markings are required on its low energy air airsoftguns and to follow all applicable regulations (see 15 CFR 1150).7. Performance Requirements7.1 Low Energy Air Airsoft Gun FunctionCocking, pumping, loading, or charging of a low energy air an

36、 airsoft gun shall notcause the low energy air airsoft gun to discharge except in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. This does not limitthe use of “auto-triggers.”7.2 Safety DeviceSafety devices shall be provided on all low energy air airsoft guns and all such devices can be activatedwh

37、ether or not the low energy air airsoft gun is cocked. All such devices shall be clearly marked to indicate the “safe” and “fire”or “on” and “off” positions, or an indicator on the safety device which exposes both a red color and a groove when the low energyair airsoft gun is in the “fire position.”

38、 All such devices shall be capable of preventing the low energy air guns airsoft gun frombeing discharged when a weight of 9.1 kg (20 lb) is applied to the trigger. Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 8.3.7.3 Accidental DischargeLow energy airAirsoft guns should not accidentally discharge wh

39、en exposed to a drop in accordancewith 8.4.7.4 Trigger MechanismThe weight applied to the trigger necessary to fire a low energy air an airsoft gun shall be more than1 6 0.05 lb (0.45 6 0.09 kg) weight and less than 16 6 0.20 lb (7.3 6 0.09 kg). Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 8.5.7.5 Ba

40、rrel Diameter SizeThe barrel diameter (excluding hop-up mechanism) of a low energy air an airsoft gun must be noless than the maximum size of projectile designed for that low energy air airsoft gun (for example, 6 mm for a low energy air anairsoft gun which will shoot 6 mm projectiles).7.6 Structura

41、l Integrity Requirement for Low Energy Air Airsoft Guns Using CO2 Propulsion SystemsLow energy air Airsoftguns using CO2 propulsion systems shall be constructed to prevent the full or partially filled CO2 cylinder from being propelledfrom the gun while the cylinder is being emptied, installed, or re

42、moved.F2748 1537.7 Temperature Test for Low Energy Air Airsoft Guns Using CO2 Propulsion SystemsLow energy airAirsoft guns using CO2gas propulsion systems shall be capable of retaining the CO2 and the cylinder in a pierced state when both are heated to atemperature of 160 6 5F (71 6 2.7C) and mainta

43、ined for 12 h without structural failure of the low energy air airsoft gun. Testsshall be conducted in accordance with 8.6. Seal failure between the low energy air airsoft gun and cylinder is acceptable.7.8 Muzzle EnergyLow energy air Airsoft guns shall have a muzzle energy of 2.9 joule or less. Tes

44、ts shall be conducted inaccordance with 8.8.8. Test Methods8.1 No precision statement on any of the following test methods is available at this time.8.2 Low Energy Air Airsoft Gun Function Test:8.2.1 SignificanceThis method is performed to ensure that the low energy air airsoft gun, when operated in

45、 accordance withthe manufacturers operating instructions, will not discharge except in accordance with the manufacturers instructions duringcocking, pumping, loading, and charging.8.2.2 Apparatus:8.2.2.1 Manufacturers operating instructions for the low energy air airsoft gun.8.2.2.2 Projectiles conf

46、orming to Specification F2679 and manufacturers recommended propellants.8.2.2.3 Appropriate back stop.8.2.3 Test SpecimenThe test specimen shall consist of a new low energy air airsoft gun, selected in accordance with themanufacturers usual quality assurance practices.8.2.4 Procedure:8.2.4.1 Conduct

47、 the test at room temperature (60 to 80F (16 to 27C).8.2.4.2 Insert the manufacturers recommended propellant (if required) and load the projectile magazine or chamber of a lowenergy air an airsoft gun to capacity.8.2.4.3 Operate the low energy air airsoft gun in accordance with the manufacturers ins

48、tructions. Test fire the low energy airairsoft gun until all the projectiles have been discharged. Reload the low energy air airsoft gun, if required, and continue to fireuntil a minimum of 100 projectiles have been discharged.8.2.4.4 If a low energy air an airsoft gun has variable functions (power,

49、 hop-up, mode, etc.) test the low energy air airsoft gunwith at least 10 projectiles for each of the possible combination of such variables.8.2.4.5 The low energy air airsoft gun passes the test if no discharge of a projectile occurred except in accordance withmanufacturers instructions.8.3 Safety Device Test:8.3.1 SignificanceThis method determines if the safety device will withstand a 9.1 kg (20 lb) applied weight without failure,causing the low energy air airsoft gun to discharge.8.3.2 ApparatusA trigger weigh