1、Designation: F 2781 09Standard Practice forTesting Forced Entry Resistance of Security FenceSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2781; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The forced entry resistance of fence systems is evalu-ated relative to three levels of forced entry threat using thelimited hand
3、tool inventory outlined in Table 1. It alsoestablishes a system for rating the forced entry resistance ofthose systems (see Table 2). The tools specified to be used fortesting at each threat level are those that are known to have amaximum destructive effect on structures and their sub-assemblies and
4、 are readily available to aggressors categorizedas posing that level of threat.1.1.1 Low Threat Level (L)Specifically exempted fromthe inventory of available tools for the low (L) threat levelcategory are power tools (gasoline, electric or hydraulic), anddevices requiring more than one person to tra
5、nsport andoperate.1.1.2 Medium Threat Level (M)Specifically exemptedfrom the inventory of available tools for the medium (M) threatlevel category are power tools requiring an outside powersource or self contained gasoline or battery driven tools anddevices requiring more than two persons to transpor
6、t andoperate.1.1.3 Aggressive Threat Level (A)Specifically exemptedfrom the inventory of available tools for the high (H) threatlevel category are devices requiring more than two persons totransport and operate.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 test directorthe i
7、ndividual identified by the indepen-dent testing laboratory as being responsible to complete thespecified tests and to document the results.2.1.2 forced entrycreating a four square feet opening.3. Summary of Practice3.1 For each rating a structured portion and a discretionaryportion as described in
8、3.2 and 3.3 is required.3.2 The structured portion of the test provides for a zero tofive minute test with specific tools selected as the mostdebilitating from the tool list in Table 1, regardless of the fencesystem being tested.3.3 Following the structured portion of the test, the discre-tionary po
9、rtion of the test provides up to 55 minutes of testing,optimizing forced entry efforts by selecting any (or all) toolsfrom the applicable category of the list (low (A), medium (B),or aggressive (C). Selection of tools is based on the perceptionof the test director as to which tools will most effecti
10、vely resultin a forced entry.3.4 Testing of security fence systems in accordance with therequirements of this test method shall result in a ratingreflecting the severity of the threat and the cumulative resis-tance time (see Table 2).3.5 The times used to establish the protection ratings ofTable 2 r
11、ange from 060 minutes and are intended to reflect theelapsed time of forced entry resistance necessary for a responseforce to arrive and counter the threat with additional defensivepersonnel and equipment. It is important to recognize that thelowest threat level time will establish the maximum time
12、limitfor a greater threat level.4. Significance and Use4.1 The success or failure of any attempt to forcefullypenetrate a fence system is dependent upon three primaryfactors that collectively define the threatthe tools and devicesemployed, the number of aggressors, and their level of sophis-tication
13、.4.2 Normally, a test procedure of this scope would besupported by years of laboratory testing intended to qualify andaccurately reproduce the destructive effects of a variety oftools, implements, and devices. However, rapidly changingsocial conditions have created an immediate need for buildingcomp
14、onents resistant to evolving forced entry techniques.Accordingly, the procedures presented herein are based moreon field experience than laboratory analysis. They are morerepresentative than inclusive, are intended to provide a basisfor the comparative evaluation of different fence systems using1Thi
15、s practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.50 on High Security Fences andPerimeter Barriers.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
16、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.forced penetration procedures and are not intended to be usedto establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forcedentries.TABLE 1 Schedule of TestingAll Levels of Threat SeverityTime of Application (minutes)Structured Testing Discretionary TestingToo
17、l(s) L M A L M ACrowbar5lbby28in.(2)3-5 3-5 3-5 0-55 0-55 0-55Cold Chisels andHammer (2)3-5 3-5 3-5 0-55 0-55 0-55Hacksaw andTwo HSS Blades3-5 3-5 3-5 0-55 0-55 0-55Sledgehammer16in.by6lb3-5 3-5 3-5 0-55 0-55 0-55Fire Axe36in.by6lb3-5 3-5 3-5 0-55 0-55 0-55Bolt Cutter (2) - 3-5 3-5 - 0-55 0-55Fire A
18、xe36in.by10lb- 3-5 3-5 - 0-55 0-55Hole Saw 2 in. (1) - 0-5 0-5 - 0-55 0-55Pry Bar30 in. Steel (2)- 0-5 0-5 - 0-55 0-55Sledgehammer30in.by12lb- 0-5 0-5 - 0-55 0-55Steel Wedge6 in. long (2)- 0-5 0-5 - 0-55 0-55Circular Saw8 in., 1100 W, and3 Blades (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Disc Grinder5 in., 1100 W, and 3 B
19、lades (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Rotary andHammer Drill750 W and 5 Drill Bits,12 in. (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Hole SawGreater than 2 in. (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Steel PinchBar 60 in. long (2)- - 0-5 - - 0-55ReciprocatingSaw 750 W and3 Carbide Blades (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Sledgehammer30in.by15lb(1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Oxyacety
20、leneTorch with 80 ft3Oxygen and40 ft3Acetylene Tanks (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Cut-Off Saw5 KW or HD Gasoline18 in. Dia. and 3Blades (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Breaker(1900 W) 30 lb with3 Bits (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55Scissor Jack 1500 lbwith 4 in. minretraction and 8 in.Stroke (1)- - 0-5 - - 0-55AdhesiveTape (1)- - - 0
21、-55 0-55 0-55F2781092TABLE 1 ContinuedTime of Application (minutes)Structured Testing Discretionary TestingTool(s) L M A L M AFishingLine (250)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-55GrapplingHook (1)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-555-in. Knife (1) - - - 0-55 0-55 0-558 in. Std and SelfGrip Pliers (2)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-5510 in. Mult
22、ipleSlip Pliers (2)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-5510 in. PipeWrench (2)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-551.660 in. O.D. by 12 ft.pipe (2)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-558 in. PlateShears (1)- - - 0-55(1)0-55(1)0-55(2)Screwdrivers7 in.,10 in., and 16 in. (1)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-55Cordless12 in. Drill withspare power pack andcarbide bits (1
23、)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-55ButaneTorch (1)- - - 0-55 0-55 0-55Rope (1) - - - 0-55 0-55 0-55TABLE 2 Forced Entry Resistant RatingsThreat LevelActive TestPersonnelResistance Time (minute)RatingStructured Test Discretionary Test CumulativeLow (L) 2 Less than 5 0 Less than 5 L0 to L4.95 Less than 5 Less than
24、10 L5 to L9.95 5 to 9.9 Less than 15 L10 to L14.95 10 to 14.9 Less than 20 L15 to L19.95 20 to 25 30 L20 to L305 31 to 55 60 L31 to L60Medium (M) 2 Less than 5 0 Less than 5 M0 to M4.95 Less than 5 Less than 10 M5 to M9.95 5 to 9.9 Less than 15 M10 to M14.95 10 to 14.9 Less than 20 M15 to M19.95 20
25、to 25 30 M20 to M305 31 to 55 60 M31 to M60Aggressive (A) 4 Less than 5 0 Less than 5 A0 to A4.95 Less than 5 Less than 10 A5 to A9.95 5 to 9.9 Less than 15 A10 to A14.95 10 to 14.9 Less than 15 A15 to A19.95 20 to 25 30 A20 to A305 31 to 55 60 M31 to A604.3 The test requirements specified herein ha
26、ve been estab-lished for use in evaluating the penetration resistance charac-teristics of standard fence systems to be used in commercial,government and military installations.4.3.1 The success of any forced entry threat is dependent onthe cumulative effect of the implements used, the elapsed time,a
27、nd the sophistication and motivation of the personnel affectingthe forced entry.4.3.2 Absolute penetration resistance from forced entry by adetermined and well-equipped attack group is impossible.4.3.3 Aggressor groups range from unsophisticated crimi-nals and vandals to organized criminals.4.3.4 At
28、tempts to force an entry may be thwarted byincreasing the time necessary to affect such an entry and byearly detection. Intrusion sensors positioned as far as possiblefrom the protected environment in conjunction with optimalF2781093structural and component design will maximize the timeavailable for
29、 a response force to intercept the intruders.4.4 The procedures of this test method are intended toevaluate the time necessary for vandals and unsophisticatedcriminals to forcefully penetrate security fence systems byusing manually operated toolsdefined as a low, medium, oraggressive forced entry th
30、reat.5. Documentation of Test Materials5.1 Configuration DocumentationAll materials and as-semblies to be tested shall conform to and be in compliancewith the latest revision of the appropriate publication orspecification governing the fence system configuration. Thefollowing documents shall apply:5
31、.1.1 Standard Commercial MaterialsCommercial mate-rials used in fabricating security fence systems will conform tothe configuration and performance standards established forthat material by ASTM International.5.1.2 Non-Standard MaterialsAll materials and sub-assemblies used in the fabrication of for
32、ced entry barrierswhose nature and configuration are not otherwise controlled byrecognized industrial, government, or manufacturers specifi-cations will be accompanied by full disclosure drawings andspecifications.5.1.2.1 Component Material DetailsSpecific industrialspecifications, including size, t
33、hickness composition, etc.5.1.2.2 Make, model number, serial numbers, and date ofmanufacture (as appropriate).5.1.2.3 Construction instructions, including weldments,bolting, bonding materials, etc.5.1.3 Proprietary InformationNone of the requirementsof 5.1.1 through 5.1.2.3 are intended to compromis
34、e orcircumvent a manufacturers proprietary rights with respect toany feature, configuration, material, or design. Those portionsof the design disclosure documentation considered proprietarywould be clearly marked or eliminated from the disclosuredocumentation with an appropriate explanation. All sub
35、mitteddocumentation, however, would accurately represent thesample tested.6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units6.1 Sample SizeIn order to facilitate test standardizationall test samples will conform to the sizes specified in 6.1.1.6.1.1 A minimum lateral area of 96 in. high and 30 ft inlength.
36、 The requirements of this section and the procedures ofthe test method are intended to minimize test costs byconducting as much testing on single test segments, if possible.6.1.2 Test EnvironmentThe location of the test shall be ina natural environment where the temperature minimum is notless than 4
37、0F and the maximum is 95F during the perfor-mance of the test. All tested materials and tools will betemperature conditioned in this environment for a minimum of24 h immediately prior to initiation of any test. The areaimmediately adjacent to the test sample extending 6 ft to theleft and right of ei
38、ther vertical edge of the sample, 10 ft fromthe assault face of the sample, and 10 ft above the horizontalsurface supporting the test (attack) personnel, shall be free ofany and all obstructions and appurtenances.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Tools, Devices and Materials:7.1.1 Analysis of many of t
39、he aggressive actions againstinstallations that have resulted in forced entry has produced anextensive list of tools and implements that are readily acces-sible to aggressor groups. From this comprehensive listing,tools and devices have been categorized as to the likelihood oftheir use and forced en
40、try threat severity. While infinite in type,size, and construction, all can be categorized with respect totheir principal effect and functionprying, screwing, pulling,shearing, cutting, and impacting. Additionally, certain toolshave been identified as those which are not actually tools, butwhich hav
41、e a debilitating effect on protective barriers and arereadily available (that is, ropes, and so forth). While no attemptwill be made to completely list all the tools and implementswhich can be utilized to effect forced entry, Table 1 presentsthose tools and implements which have been determined to b
42、ereadily available and representative of the most effective offorced entry tools for the very low, low, medium, and highthreat severity categories, respectively.7.1.2 All tools proposed for use in this test are to be cleanand verified for proper operation prior to commencement withthe test.7.2 Low T
43、hreat Severity Category Tools:7.2.1 Adhesive Tape.7.2.2 Fishing Line.7.2.3 Grappling Hook.7.2.4 Knife, 5 in.7.2.5 Standard and Self-Gripping Pliers, 8 in.7.2.6 Multiple Slip Pliers,10in.7.2.7 Pipe Wrench,10in.7.2.8 Pipe, 1.660 in. O.D. by 12 ft.7.2.9 Plate Shears, 8 in.7.2.10 Screwdrivers, 7 in., 10
44、 in., and 16 in. long.7.2.11 Crowbar, 5 lb, 28 in.7.2.12 Cold Chisels, 10 in. long by 1 in. wide.7.2.13 Drill, cordless,12 in., spare power pack, and carbidedrill bits.7.2.14 Butane Torch.7.2.15 Hacksaw, two HSS blades.7.2.16 Sledgehammer, 16 in., 6 lb.7.2.17 Rope, 20-ft length of12-in. diameter man
45、ila rope,(4-lb).7.2.18 Firemans Axe, 36 in., 6 lb.7.2.19 Pipe Cutter, 4 in. O.D.7.2.20 Bolt Cutter.12in.7.2.21 Fence Pliers,10in.7.2.22 Cable Ratchet, 2000 lb capacity.7.3 Medium Threat Severity Category Additional Tools:7.3.1 Bolt Cutter,20in.7.3.2 Disc Grinder, 12 V with spare power pack and three
46、cutting discs.7.3.3 Drill Bits, 5.5 in., carbide.7.3.4 Axe, 36 in., 6 lb.7.3.5 Hole Saw, 2 in.7.3.6 Steel Pry Bar.7.3.7 Jigsaw, cordless, 12 V, and three carbide blades.7.3.8 Plate Shears,12in.F27810947.3.9 Sledgehammer, 30 in., 12 lb.7.3.10 Pipe, 1.660 in. O.D. by 20-ft long.7.3.11 Steel Wedges, 6-
47、in. long.7.3.12 Circular Saw, cordless, 18 V, 8-in. diameter, andthree blades.7.3.13 Disc Grinder, 18 V with spare power pack and threecutting discs.7.3.14 Jigsaw, cordless, 18 V with spare power pack, andthree carbide blades.7.3.15 Reciprocating Saw, cordless, 18 V with spare powerpack, and three c
48、arbide blades.7.3.16 Proof Test Grade 100 Alloy Chain,20ft,732 in., 5400lb minimum.7.4 Aggressive Threat Severity Category Additional Tools:7.4.1 Circular Saw, 1100 W, 8-in. diameter, and threeblades.7.4.2 Disc Grinder, 1100 W, 5-in. diameter and three discs.7.4.3 Rotary and Hammer Drill, 750 W, fiv
49、e drill bits,12-in.carbide.7.4.4 Hole Saw, greater than 2 in.7.4.5 Steel Pinch Bar, 60-in. long.7.4.6 Reciprocating Saw, 750 W and three carbide blades.7.4.7 Sledgehammer, 30 in., 15 lb.7.4.8 Oxyacetylene Torch , with 80-ft3oxygen tank, 40-ft3acetylene tank, and 20 ft of hose (119.0 lb).7.4.9 Cut-Off Saw, 5 KW or HD Gasoline 18-in. diameter,with three blades.7.4.10 Breaker, (1900 W), 30 lb with three bits.7.4.11 One Scissor Jack, 1500 lb capacity with a minimumretraction and an 8-in. stroke.8. Ballistic Equipment8.1 Caliber 38 Special158 grain Round Nose
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