1、Designation: F2811 10Standard Test Methods forEvaluating Design and Performance Characteristics ofElliptical Trainers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2811; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation ofelliptical tra
3、iners. The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will notnecessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipmentinvolves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained.In addition, use
4、rs with physical limitations should seek medical advice or instruction from the fitnessfacility, or both, prior to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may precludesome persons from using this equipment properly and without increasing the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.
5、1 These test methods specify procedures and equipmentused for testing and evaluating elliptical trainers for compli-ance to Specification F2810. Both design and operationalparameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable,accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will beused and r
6、eferenced. In case of a conflict between thisdocument and Specification F2810, Specification F2810 takesprecedence.1.2 RequirementsAn elliptical trainer is to be tested for allof the following parameters:1.2.1 Endurance,1.2.2 Static loading,1.2.2.1 Handlebars1.2.2.2 Foot supports1.2.3 Adjustable gui
7、de systems,1.2.4 Control panel,1.2.5 Warnings, and1.2.6 Documentation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parenthesis are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
8、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and FitnessFacility Safety Signage and L
9、abelsF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Perfor-mance Characteristics of Fitness EquipmentF2810 Specification for Elliptical Trainers3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions applicable to this standard,see Specification F2810.4. Significance and
10、Use4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide reliableand repeatable test methods for the evaluation of ellipticaltrainers assembled and maintained according to the manufac-turers specifications. Use of these test methods, in conjunctionwith Specification F2810, is intended to ensure approp
11、riateperformance and reliability of an elliptical trainer and reducethe risk of serious injury from design deficiencies.5. Sample Preparations5.1 Assemble and adjust the elliptical trainer on a horizontalsurface according to the manufacturers instructions. On train-ers that are fully assembled, veri
12、fy according to the manufac-turers instructions that all components are functioning and that1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.30 onFitness Products.Current edition approved May 1,
13、 2010. Published June 2010. DOI: 10.1520/F2811-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright
14、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.they have been adjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwisestated, the trainer must pass the following tests withoutadjustment from this initial condition. Apply power to, ifrequired, or use th
15、e trainer and verify that the unit functionsproperly. If the unit is equipped with a guide system, operate itthrough its full range.5.2 The individual test methods will describe any variationsor modifications that are required to the test sample.5.3 Upon completion of the tests the equipment shallfu
16、nction as intended by the manufacturer.6. Test Methods and Procedures6.1 In addition to the tests specified in Test Methods F2571,elliptical trainers shall be evaluated as follows:6.2 Exterior Design:6.2.1 Foot SupportsThe purpose of this test is to evaluatethe dimensions of the foot supports used o
17、n the sample.6.2.1.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set upas described in 5.1.6.2.1.2 CalibrationVerify that the measurement device isproperly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).6.2.1.3 ProcedureMeasure the dimensions of the slipresistant area of the pedal. Measure the guard
18、 heights of thepedal at the front and inside edge.6.2.1.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe dimensions of the slip re-sistant surface of each pedal shall be at least 300 mm (11.8 in.)long and 100 mm (3.9 in.) wide. The guard heights of the pedalshall be at least 30 mm (1.2 in.) along the front and 12 mm (0.5in.
19、) along the inside edge.6.2.1.5 Precision and Bias:(1) PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen determined.(2) BiasThe bias of this test method includes quantitativeestimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, thecalibrations of testing equipment and the skill of the operat
20、ors.At this time, the statements on bias should be limited todocumented performance of particular laboratories.6.2.2 HandlebarsThe purpose of this test is to verify theexistence of the handlebar.6.2.2.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set upas described in 5.1.6.2.2.2 CalibrationNo calibrati
21、on required.6.2.2.3 ProcedureVisually verify the presence of ahandlebar.6.2.2.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe handlebar must be present.6.2.2.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of this test since the test resultis non-quantitative.6.2.3 Movable Handlebar Design
22、The purpose of this testis to evaluate the dimensions of the movable handlebars usedon the sample.6.2.3.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set upas described in 5.1.6.2.3.2 CalibrationVerify that the measurement device isproperly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).6.2.3.3 Proc
23、edureMeasure the dimensions of the endportion of the movable handlebar. The evaluator shall also usethe elliptical trainer per the manufacturers instructions andobserve the orientation of the end portion of the movablehandlebars with respect to the head of the evaluator throughoutthe range of travel
24、 of the movable handlebars.6.2.3.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe dimension of the end por-tion of the movable handlebar shall be at least 50 mm (1.97 in.)in diameter. Alternately, if the end portion of the movablehandlebars is always angled away from the user duringoperation of the elliptical trainer then i
25、t shall be concluded thatthe movable handlebars meet the requirements of the specifi-cations.6.2.3.5 Precision and Bias:(1) PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen determined.(2) BiasThe bias of this test method includes quantitativeestimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devi
26、ces, thecalibrations of testing equipment and the skill of the operators.At this time, the statements on bias should be limited todocumented performance of particular laboratories.6.3 EnduranceThe purpose of this test is to confirm theendurance of the main components of the elliptical trainer.Load i
27、nput to the elliptical trainer can be accomplished bysecuring weight to the foot pedals and lifting the weight usingpneumatic cylinders, or by pushing down with pneumaticcylinders (with or without weight). Regardless of how the loadis input to the elliptical trainer under test, careful consideration
28、shall be given by the testing facility as to how the test apparatusis constructed. The testing facility shall communicate with themanufacturer prior to commencing the test and verify that theapparatus functions and loads the elliptical trainer in a mannersimilar to how a user would actually use and
29、interface with theelliptical trainer. Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate pneumatic apparatusesthat have been used successfully to conduct endurance testing.The elliptical trainer shown in Fig. 2 is driven by the twopneumatic cylinders which are attached to the footplates of thedevice under test. The cylinders
30、 can be pivoted or mounted tolinear bearings on the test apparatus frame so that the cylindersare able to follow the horizontal motions of the ellipticalpedals. The timing of the cylinder actuations can be such thatthe pistons are pushing downward generally synchronous to theFIG. 1 Isometric View of
31、 a Pivoting Test ApparatusF2811 102downward motion of the footplate as it follows the ellipticalpath. By timing the firing of the cylinders correctly, along withvarying the braking resistance, this setup will drive theelliptical trainer. Horizontal loading of the moveable handle-bars (if equipped) c
32、an be accomplished by connecting thehandlebars to hanging weights using a cable over a pulley.Other methods include but are not limited to un-powered aircylinders with controlled venting, connection to elastic mate-rials, a clamped weight positioned so that the peak load in thedynamic direction is 5
33、 % of the maximum specified userweight or a pneumatic cylinder applying a reversed cyclic loadof 5 % of the maximum specified user weight to handlebarsthat are held static in a test fixture.6.3.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 5.1. Obtain instruction or a descriptive e
34、xplanationof the function of the sample equipment from the manufacturer.A method of recording the number of cycles shall be provided.6.3.2 CalibrationVerify that the load application systemis calibrated and is accurate to within 5 % of the applied load.Verify that the counting device changes the dis
35、played counts by1 for each full revolution of one foot pedal for at least 100cycles.6.3.3 ProcedureConstruct and attach the resistance andcycling means to the elliptical trainer and verify that itfunctions as intended by the manufacturer. The testing appa-ratus shall move the foot supports through t
36、heir complete cyclein the same manner that the user does.Apply the test load to thepedals. Set the braking resistance to 80 % of the possibleresistance capable by the brake or 300 watts, whichever is less.The speed of the test is dependant on the pedal loading and thebrake resistance setting. Theref
37、ore, there will not be a stringentrequirement for the speed of this test. It is recommended thatspeed end up between 30 and 60 cycles per minute, (one cycle= one full revolution of the pedal) once the pedal loading andthe brake resistance have been set. The duty cycle of the testshall be a minimum o
38、f 50 % on and 50 % off, with a minimumon time of 30 min.6.3.3.1 Verify that the counter cycles for each repetition ofthe elliptical trainer and then periodically throughout theduration of the test. If the test apparatus is to run unattended,then it shall be outfitted with a means of stopping if fail
39、ureoccurs on the sample. Begin the test. Periodically make andrecord observations during the test.6.3.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaUpon completion of the cyclesspecified in Specification F2810, the trainer shall function asper the operation instructions provided by the manufacturer.6.3.5 Precision and Bias:6
40、.3.5.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen determined.6.3.5.2 BiasThe bias of this test method includes quanti-tative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices,the calibrations of testing equipment and the skill of theoperators.At this time, the statements on bias sh
41、ould be limitedto documented performance of particular laboratories.6.4 Static Loading of StructuresThe purpose of this test isto evaluate the static structural integrity of the foot supports,any frame structure and user supports (moveable and statichandlebars), as applicable to user safety.6.4.1 Ha
42、ndlebarsThe purpose of this test is to confirmstructural integrity of handlebars in the vertical and horizon-tally loaded conditions.6.4.1.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set upas described in 5.1. Supply a means of applying a steady stateload in both the vertical and horizontal directions
43、. Possiblemethods of providing that force include, but are not limited to,pneumatic cylinder(s), or dead weights. If necessary, theelliptical trainer may be restrained from movement as long asthat restraint does not aid the structure of the user supportmeans. Determine which direction in the horizon
44、tal directionwould be structurally the weakest.6.4.1.2 CalibrationVerify the load application system iscalibrated and is accurate to within 65 % of applied load.6.4.1.3 ProcedureApply a concentrated or point staticload to the weakest structural point on the handlebar in thevertical direction. Visual
45、ly inspect for indications of breakage.Repeat the test applying the load specified in SpecificationF2810 in the weakest horizontal direction. Maintain the loadfor 5 min. Visually inspect the handlebars for indications ofbreakage.6.4.1.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe handlebar shall not break.6.4.1.5 Precisi
46、on and Bias:(1) PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen determined.(2) BiasThe bias of this test method includes quantitativeestimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, thecalibrations of testing equipment and the skill of the operators.At this time, the statements on bia
47、s should be limited todocumented performance of particular laboratories.6.4.2 Foot SupportThe purpose of this test is to evaluatethe static structural integrity of the foot supports that aredesigned for the user to step or stand on.6.4.2.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be setupas described in
48、 5.1. Supply a means of providing a steady stateload (pneumatic cylinder(s) weights, etc.) on foot pedals orother foot support locations, capable of adjustment to applyFIG. 2 View of a Test Apparatus With Linear BearingsF2811 103vertical load to the test member at minimum, mid-range andmaximum incli
49、ne for elliptical trainers with incline adjustment.Load is to be applied on a 100 by 100 mm (3.9 by 3.9 in.)square area located at the most onerous location of each part tobe evaluated.6.4.2.2 CalibrationVerify the load application system iscalibrated and is accurate to within 65 % of the applied load.6.4.2.3 ProcedureWith the foot pedal positioned in themost onerous position and the mechanism of the ellipticaltrainer fixed to prevent movement, apply the intrinsic test loadin accordance with Specification F2276 for 5 min, then removethe t
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