1、Designation: F2811 10F2811 15 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forEvaluating Design and Performance Characteristics ofElliptical Trainers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2811; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable metho
3、ds for the evaluation ofelliptical trainers. The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will notnecessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipmentinvolves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or no
4、t properly maintained.In addition, users with physical limitations should seek medical advice or instruction from the fitnessfacility, or both, prior to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may precludesome persons from using this equipment properly and without increasing
5、 the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.1 These test methods specify procedures and equipment used for testing and evaluating elliptical trainers for compliance toSpecification F2810. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted testmethods from oth
6、er recognized bodies will be used and referenced. In case of a conflict between this document and SpecificationF2810, Specification F2810 takes precedence.1.2 RequirementsAn elliptical trainer is to be tested for all of the following parameters:1.2.1 Endurance,1.2.2 Static loading,1.2.2.1 Handlebars
7、1.2.2.2 Foot supports1.2.3 Adjustable guide systems,1.2.4 Control panel,1.2.5 Warnings, and1.2.6 Documentation.1.3 This test method2 contains additional requirements to address the accessibility of the equipment for persons with disabilities.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as th
8、e standard. The values in parenthesis are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applic
9、ability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and LabelsF2276 Specification for Fitness Equipment1 This specification is These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
10、ittee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2015. Published June 2010February 2016. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asF2811 1
11、0. DOI: 10.1520/F2811-10.10.1520/F2811-15.2 This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Researchunder the US Department of Education grant #H133E070029 and H133E120005.3 For referencedASTM
12、 standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
13、 an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pub
14、lished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness EquipmentF2810 Specification for Elliptical T
15、rainersF3021 Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations andImpairmentsF3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with FunctionalLimitations and Impairments3. Terminology
16、3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions applicable to this standard, see SpecificationSpecifications F2810 and F3021.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of elliptical trainersassembled and maintained according to t
17、he manufacturers specifications. Use of these test methods, in conjunction withSpecification F2810, is intended to ensure appropriate performance and reliability of an elliptical trainer and reduce the risk ofserious injury from design deficiencies.5. Sample Preparations5.1 Assemble and adjust the e
18、lliptical trainer on a horizontal surface according to the manufacturers instructions. On trainersthat are fully assembled, verify according to the manufacturers instructions that all components are functioning and that they havebeen adjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, the traine
19、r must pass the following tests without adjustment from thisinitial condition. Apply power to, if required, or use the trainer and verify that the unit functions properly. If the unit is equippedwith a guide system, operate it through its full range.5.2 The individual test methods will describe any
20、variations or modifications that are required to the test sample.5.3 Upon completion of the tests the equipment shall function as intended by the manufacturer.6. Test Methods and Procedures6.1 In addition to the tests specified in Test Methods F2571, elliptical trainers shall be evaluated as follows
21、:6.2 Exterior Design:6.2.1 Foot SupportsThe purpose of this test is to evaluate the dimensions of the foot supports used on the sample.6.2.1.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up as described in 5.1.6.2.1.2 CalibrationVerify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a res
22、olution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).6.2.1.3 ProcedureMeasure the dimensions of the slip resistant area of the pedal. Measure the guard heights of the pedal at thefront and inside edges. Check for pinch or shear points along the outer edge of the footplate per Specification F2276 and TestMethods F2571. If pin
23、ch or shear points exist, measure the guard height of the pedal at the outside edge.6.2.1.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe dimensions of the slip resistant surface of each pedal shall be at least 300 mm (11.8 in.) longand 100 mm (3.9 in.) wide. The guard heights of the pedal shall beconform to dimensional re
24、quirements of subsection 5.1 ofSpecification F2810at least 30 mm (1.2 in.) along the front and 12 mm (0.5 in.) along the inside edge6.2.1.5 Precision and Bias:(1) PrecisionThe precision of this test method has not been determined.(2) BiasThe bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates o
25、f the uncertainties of the measuring devices, thecalibrations of testing equipment and the skill of the operators.At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to documentedperformance of particular laboratories.6.2.2 HandlebarsThe purpose of this test is to verify the existence of the hand
26、lebar.6.2.2.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up as described in 5.1.6.2.2.2 CalibrationNo calibration required.6.2.2.3 ProcedureVisually verify the presence of a handlebar.6.2.2.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe handlebar must be present.present and conform to the requirements of subsection 5.2 o
27、fSpecification F2810.6.2.2.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result isnon-quantitative.6.2.3 Movable Handlebar DesignThe purpose of this test is to evaluate the dimensions of the movable handlebars used onthe sample.6.2.3.1
28、 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up as described in 5.1.6.2.3.2 CalibrationVerify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).6.2.3.3 ProcedureMeasure the dimensions of the end portion of the movable handlebar. The evaluator shall also use t
29、heelliptical trainer per the manufacturers instructions and observe the orientation of the end portion of the movable handlebars withrespect to the head of the evaluator throughout the range of travel of the movable handlebars.F2811 1526.2.3.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe dimension of the end portion of th
30、e movable handlebar shall be at least 50 mm (1.97 in.) indiameter.conform to dimensional requirements of subsection 5.2 of Specification F2810. Alternately, if the end portion of themovable handlebars is always angled away from the user during operation of the elliptical trainer then it shall be con
31、cluded thatthe movable handlebars meet the requirements of the specifications.6.2.3.5 Precision and Bias:(1) PrecisionThe precision of this test method has not been determined.(2) BiasThe bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, thecalib
32、rations of testing equipment and the skill of the operators.At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to documentedperformance of particular laboratories.6.3 EnduranceThe purpose of this test is to confirm the endurance of the main components of the elliptical trainer. Load inputto the
33、elliptical trainer can be accomplished by securing weight to the foot pedals and lifting the weight using pneumatic cylinders,or by pushing down with pneumatic cylinders (with or without weight). Regardless of how the load is input to the elliptical trainerunder test, careful consideration shall be
34、given by the testing facility as to how the test apparatus is constructed. The testing facilityshall communicate with the manufacturer prior to commencing the test and verify that the apparatus functions and loads theelliptical trainer in a manner similar to how a user would actually use and interfa
35、ce with the elliptical trainer. Figs. 1 and 2 illustratepneumatic apparatuses that have been used successfully to conduct endurance testing. The elliptical trainer shown in Fig. 2 isdriven by the two pneumatic cylinders which are attached to the footplates of the device under test. The cylinders can
36、 be pivotedor mounted to linear bearings on the test apparatus frame so that the cylinders are able to follow the horizontal motions of theelliptical pedals. The timing of the cylinder actuations can be such that the pistons are pushing downward generally synchronousto the downward motion of the foo
37、tplate as it follows the elliptical path. By timing the firing of the cylinders correctly, along withvarying the braking resistance, this setup will drive the elliptical trainer. Horizontal loading of the moveable handlebars (ifequipped) can be accomplished by connecting the handlebars to hanging we
38、ights using a cable over a pulley. Other methodsinclude but are not limited to un-powered air cylinders with controlled venting, connection to elastic materials, a clamped weightpositioned so that the peak load in the dynamic direction is 5 % of the maximum specified user weight or a pneumatic cylin
39、derapplying a reversed cyclic load of 5 % of the maximum specified user weight to handlebars that are held static in a test fixture.6.3.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up as described in 5.1. Obtain instruction or a descriptive explanation ofthe function of the sample equipment from th
40、e manufacturer. A method of recording the number of cycles shall be provided.6.3.2 CalibrationVerify that the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 5 % of the applied load. Verifythat the counting device changes the displayed counts by 1 for each full revolution of one foot
41、 pedal for at least 100 cycles.6.3.3 ProcedureConstruct and attach the resistance and cycling means to the elliptical trainer and verify that it functions asintended by the manufacturer. The testing apparatus shall move the foot supports through their complete cycle in the same mannerthat the user d
42、oes. Apply the test load to the pedals. Set the braking resistance to 80 % of the possible resistance capable by thebrake or 300 watts, whichever is less. The speed of the test is dependant on the pedal loading and the brake resistance setting.Therefore, there will not be a stringent requirement for
43、 the speed of this test. It is recommended that speed end up between 30 and60 cycles per minute, (one cycle = one full revolution of the pedal) once the pedal loading and the brake resistance have been set.The duty cycle of the test shall be a minimum of 50 % on and 50 % off, with a minimum on time
44、of 30 min.FIG. 1 Isometric View of a Pivoting Test ApparatusF2811 1536.3.3.1 Verify that the counter cycles for each repetition of the elliptical trainer and then periodically throughout the durationof the test. If the test apparatus is to run unattended, then it shall be outfitted with a means of s
45、topping if failure occurs on thesample. Begin the test. Periodically make and record observations during the test.6.3.4 Pass/Fail CriteriaUpon completion of the cycles specified in Specification F2810, the trainer shall function as per theoperation instructions provided by the manufacturer.manufactu
46、rer and conform to the requirements of subsection 5.3 ofSpecification F2810.6.3.5 Precision and Bias:6.3.5.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has not been determined.6.3.5.2 BiasThe bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, thec
47、alibrations of testing equipment and the skill of the operators.At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to documentedperformance of particular laboratories.6.4 Static Loading of StructuresThe purpose of this test is to evaluate the static structural integrity of the foot supports, any
48、frame structure and user supports (moveable and static handlebars), as applicable to user safety.6.4.1 HandlebarsThe purpose of this test is to confirm structural integrity of handlebars in the vertical and horizontally loadedconditions.6.4.1.1 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up as descr
49、ibed in 5.1. Supply a means of applying a steady state loadin both the vertical and horizontal directions. Possible methods of providing that force include, but are not limited to, pneumaticcylinder(s), or dead weights. If necessary, the elliptical trainer may be restrained from movement as long as that restraint does notaid the structure of the user support means. Determine which direction in the horizontal direction would be structurally the weakest.6.4.1.2 CalibrationVerify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to withi
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