1、Designation: F2812 12Standard Specification forGoggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for SelectedMotor Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive ofhelmet-mounted visors, designed for use by riders of motor-cyc
3、les, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use that mini-mize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa as aresult of impact and penetration by objects that may be kickedup from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces and madeairborne and, as such, likely to cause eye discomfort or injury
4、.This specification does not address shield-type eye protectorssuch as are connected to, integral to, and/or supported byprotective helmets. Protective eyewear offers protection only tothe eyes and does not protect other parts of the head, face, orneck.1.2 Protectors are divided into two types, gogg
5、les or spec-tacles, depending on their design characteristics.1.3 This specification does not apply to prescription eye-wear. (WarningImpact-resistant prescription spectacles thatconform to the standard specifications of ANSI Z87.1 shouldbe used if spectacles are to be worn under goggle-type eyewear
6、as covered by this specification.)1.4 In this specification, the use of the word “shall” indi-cates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indicates arecommendation.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.
7、Metric units of measure in this specificationare in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).If a value for measurement as given in this specification isfollowed by an equivalent value in other units, the first statedis to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent valuemay be
8、approximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
9、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plastics2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.3 OphthalmicsNonprescription Sunglasses andFashion EyewearRequirementsANSI Z87.1 Occupational and Educational Eye and FaceProtection Devices2.3 CEN Standar
10、d:4EN 168 Personal Eye ProtectionNon-Optical Test Meth-ods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn other words,
11、 the lens has two differ-ent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.2 base-down, advrefers to the type of prism thatcauses a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objectsto appear higher than their true position.3.1.3 base-in, advrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tend
12、s to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-verge.3.1.4 base-out, advrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to di-
13、verge.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.57 onEye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. DOI: 10.1520/F2812-12.2For referenced ASTM standards
14、, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New
15、 York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from the European Committee for Standardization, Avenue Marnix17, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 base-up, advrefers to the type of prism th
16、at causes ahorizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects toappear lower than their true position.3.1.6 binocular, advrelating to the field of view that isshared by both eyes simultaneously; also, any simultaneousactivity of the two eyes.3.1.7 central viewing zone, nthat part of the eye of
17、aprotector that has its center in line with the wearers normalline of sight.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular and 40 mm indiameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be thepoint of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on the EN head form per the current EN 168.3.
18、1.8 cleanable, advability of an EPD to be made readilyfree of dirt or grime without being damaged with a cleaningprocess, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.9 coverage, ncharacteristic of an eye protective device(EPD) that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident withthe wearers eyes.3.1
19、.10 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test head form, the eyeof a person wearing a protector, or that part of an EPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.11 eye of the head form, nall structures containedwithin the orbital rim of the head form.3.1.12 eye protective device (or protector),
20、ndevice thatprovides protection to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in selected motor sports.3.1.13 fracture, nseparation, as a result of impact, of alens or frame into two or more separate pieces.3.1.14 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormal incident beam tha
21、t is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.14.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.15 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in the prismaticdeviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of anEPD in the horizonta
22、l meridian (see base-in and base-out).3.1.16 impact resistance, nability of an EPD to affordprotection from impact as required by this specification.3.1.17 lens, ntransparent part or parts of a EPD throughwhich the wearer normally looks through.3.1.18 luminous transmittance, nluminous transmittancei
23、s a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weightedby the corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminousefficiency distribution of the International Commission onIllumination (CIE) current standard colorimetric observer andthe spectral intensity of standard Illuminant C (see ANSIZ80.3,
24、 Paragraph 3.9.1).3.1.19 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizontallines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate headform.3.1.20 penetration resistance, nability of a device toafford protection from moving objects as required by thisspecification.3.1.21 power imbalance, nrela
25、tes to the condition inwhich the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protectoris different as presented to the two eyes.3.1.22 prism, prismatic effect, nprism bends a beam oflight as a result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces ofa lens through which the beam of light traverses an
26、d theamount of bending is a function of the curvatures, thickness,index of refraction of the material, and the angle of approach ofthe line of sight to the optical surface.3.1.22.1 DiscussionIn this specification, the word prismrefers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the lineof sight of
27、 a wearer of an eye protector for the standard viewingposition. Prism is expressed in diopters. The deviation of theline of sight by 1 cm/m is 1 prism diopter.3.1.23 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.24 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridi-onal astigm
28、atic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.3.1.25 test head form, nfor the purpose of this specifica-tion, the reference head forms shall be to EN 168.3.1.25.1 DiscussionThe two head forms are medium size,which approximates a 50th percentile adult male, and smallsize, which appr
29、oximates a 60th percentile 12-year-old child,and both should be of the polyurethane-covered version.3.1.26 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic devia-tion between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes of anEPD in the vertical meridian.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors as covered un
30、der this specification areclassified into the following types:4.1.1 SpectacleA protector with a lens or lenses, sup-ported by frame temples or straps or both, that does not forma tight seal with the face over most of the perimeter of theprotector.4.1.2 GoggleA protector with a lens or lenses, suppor
31、tedby frame temples or straps or both, that forms a seal with theface over most of the perimeter of the protector.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers choice of material shall be inaccordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the we
32、arers faceshall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not undergo significant change of hardness, loss ofstrength or flexibility, or other physical changes as a result ofperspiration, oil, sunscreen lotion, or grease from the w
33、earersskin and hair.5.1.4 Headbands shall be capable of holding the gogglesecurely under normal operating conditions and be capable ofeasy adjustment.5.2 CleanabilityEPDs shall be capable of being cleaned tothe degree that, when cleaned in accordance with the methoddescribed in Section 10, they shal
34、l remain functional in allways.F2812 1225.3 ConstructionThe protector shall be constructed insuch a manner as to prevent components of the protector fromcontact with the eyes of the head form, detachment, ordislodgment when tested in accordance with Section 9.5.4 Finish and CoatingsFinishes and coat
35、ings as used onthe protector shall not delaminate from the base surface of theprotector such that they dislodge, detach, or delaminate whentested in accordance with Section 9.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical Requirements:6.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 8.7, the refract
36、ive power in any meridian shall not exceed0.12 diopters.6.1.2 Astigmatic PowerWhen tested in accordance with8.7, the astigmatic power (absolute power difference in ex-treme meridians) shall not exceed 0.12 diopters.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with8.7, the power imbalances in corre
37、sponding meridians ofextreme power shall not exceed 0.12 diopters between eacheye.6.1.4 Prismatic PowerWhen tested in accord with 8.6,prismatic power shall not exceed 0.50 D.6.1.5 Prismatic ImbalanceWhen tested in accord with8.6, prismatic imbalance shall not exceed 0.25-D base-in orvertical and 0.7
38、5-D base-out.6.1.6 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUltraviolet A (UVA) andultraviolet B (UVB) transmittance of lenses shall comply withANSI Z80.3 for both clear and non clear protectors whenmeasured at any point within the central viewing zone.6.1.7 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.3, forwardscattered
39、light (haze) shall not exceed 3 % for both clear andtinted protectors when measured at any point within the centralviewing zone.6.1.8 Optical QualityWhen tested in accordance with 8.2,striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are discernible under the test condit
40、ions of 8.2.1shall constitute a failure.6.1.9 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches,bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and watermarks that arediscernible under the test conditions of 8.2.1 shall constitute afailure.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 Impact Resistance:6.2.1.1 High-Velocity Impac
41、t Resistance:(1) When tested in accordance with 9.1, at 45 m/s (148 ft/s)at cold and hot temperatures, displaced fragments, separateddelaminations, rupture, or complete fracture of the frame orlenses constitutes a failure. No contact with the eye of the headform shall be permitted by the test projec
42、tile, the protector, orits component parts as a result of the impact.(2) When tested in accordance with 9.1, at 70 m/s (230 ft/s)at standard temperatures, displaced fragments, separated de-laminations, rupture, or complete fracture of the frame orlenses constitutes a failure. No contact with the eye
43、 of the headform shall be permitted by the test projectile, the protector, orits component parts as a result of the impact.(3) When tested in accordance with 9.1.1, any displace-ment or dislodgment of the lens from its original positionwithin the frame of over 25 % constitutes failure.(4) A protecto
44、r that is dislodged from the test head formwhen tested in accordance with 9.1.1 shall not constitute afailure provided all of the above mechanical requirements aremet.6.2.1.2 High-Mass Impact Resistance:(1) When tested in accordance with 9.2, displaced frag-ments, separated delaminations, or complet
45、e fracture of theframe or lenses constitutes a failure. Contact with the eye of thehead form is permitted.(2) When tested in accordance with 9.2, any displacementor dislodgment of the lens greater than 25 % from its originalposition within the frame constitutes failure.(3) A protector that is dislod
46、ged from the test head formwhen tested in accordance with 9.2 shall not constitute a failureprovided all of the above mechanical requirements are met.6.3 UV StabilityProtectors (one group) shall be condi-tioned in accord with 9.4. Conditioned samples shall be testedfor optical and mechanical perform
47、ance characteristics inaccordance with 6.1.5 and 6.1.6 within 1.0 h of leaving theconditioning atmosphere.6.4 FlammabilityWhen tested in accord with 9.3, theprotector shall not ignite.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered forsale shall be tested.7.2 Preconditioni
48、ngProtectors shall be preconditioned at23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimumperiod of 48 h before the commencement of any test or furthertemperature preconditioning.7.3 ConditioningProtectors shall be conditioned for aminimum of 1 h (each group of 16) at the following specifiedtempera
49、tures before each test. Protectors shall be tested formechanical performance characteristics within 1 min of leav-ing the test atmosphere.7.3.1 Standard, +23.0 6 2.0C.7.3.2 Cold, 10.0 6 2.0C.7.3.3 Hot, +50.0 6 2.0C.TEST METHODS8. Optical Tests8.1 Inspection ProcedureA high-contrast grid pattern ofdark and white lines shall be viewed through the lens, scanningit area by area and moving it about. The grid pattern should beat least 46 by 46 cm (18 by 18 in.) and constructed ofhigh-contrast black lines on a white backgr
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