ASTM F2812-2012(2018) Standard Specification for Goggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for Selected Motor Sports.pdf

1、Designation: F2812 12 (Reapproved 2018) An American National StandardStandard Specification forGoggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for SelectedMotor Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal

2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive ofhelmet-mounted

3、 visors, designed for use by riders ofmotorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use thatminimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexaas a result of impact and penetration by objects that may bekicked up from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces andmade airborne and, as su

4、ch, likely to cause eye discomfort orinjury. This specification does not address shield-type eyeprotectors such as are connected to, integral to, and/or sup-ported by protective helmets. Protective eyewear offers protec-tion only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of thehead, face, or neck

5、.1.2 Protectors are divided into two types, goggles orspectacles, depending on their design characteristics.1.3 This specification does not apply to prescription eye-wear. (WarningImpact-resistant prescription spectacles thatconform to the standard specifications of ANSI Z87.1 shouldbe used if spect

6、acles are to be worn under goggle-type eyewearas covered by this specification.)1.4 In this specification, the use of the word “shall” indi-cates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indicates arecommendation.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. The values

7、given in parentheses are forinformation only. Metric units of measure in this specificationare in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).If a value for measurement as given in this specification isfollowed by an equivalent value in other units, the first statedis to be regarded as th

8、e requirement. A given equivalent valuemay be approximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-min

9、e the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations

10、issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plastics2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.3 OphthalmicsNonprescription Sunglasses andFashion EyewearRequirements

11、ANSI Z87.1 Occupational and Educational Eye and FaceProtection Devices2.3 CEN Standard:4EN 168 Personal Eye ProtectionNon-Optical Test Meth-ods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each

12、object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn other words, the lens has two differ-ent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.2 base-down, advrefers to the type of prism thatcauses a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objectsto appear higher than t

13、heir true position.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originallyapproved i

14、n 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2812 12. DOI:10.1520/F2812-12R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p

15、age onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from the European Committee for Standardization, Avenue Marnix17, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr

16、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations i

17、ssued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.3 base-in, advrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-verge.3.1.4 base-out, advrelating to

18、the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to di-verge.3.1.5 base-up, advrefers to the type of prism that causes ahorizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects toappear lower than their true

19、 position.3.1.6 binocular, advrelating to the field of view that isshared by both eyes simultaneously; also, any simultaneousactivity of the two eyes.3.1.7 central viewing zone, nthat part of the eye of aprotector that has its center in line with the wearers normalline of sight.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThe

20、 zone is circular and 40 mm indiameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be thepoint of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on the EN head form per the current EN 168.3.1.8 cleanable, advability of an EPD to be made readilyfree of dirt or grime without being damaged

21、 with a cleaningprocess, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.9 coverage, ncharacteristic of an eye protective device(EPD) that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident withthe wearers eyes.3.1.10 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test head form, the eyeof a person wearing a protector, or tha

22、t part of an EPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.11 eye of the head form, nall structures containedwithin the orbital rim of the head form.3.1.12 eye protective device (or protector), ndevice thatprovides protection to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in selecte

23、d motor sports.3.1.13 fracture, nseparation, as a result of impact, of alens or frame into two or more separate pieces.3.1.14 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormal incident beam that is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.14.

24、1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.15 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in the prismaticdeviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of anEPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).3.1.16 impact resistance, nability of an EPD to affordprote

25、ction from impact as required by this specification.3.1.17 lens, ntransparent part or parts of a EPD throughwhich the wearer normally looks through.3.1.18 luminous transmittance, nluminous transmittanceis a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weightedby the corresponding ordinates of

26、the photopic luminousefficiency distribution of the International Commission onIllumination (CIE) current standard colorimetric observer andthe spectral intensity of standard Illuminant C (see ANSIZ80.3, Paragraph 3.9.1).3.1.19 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizontallines that intersect th

27、e center of the eyes of the appropriate headform.3.1.20 penetration resistance, nability of a device toafford protection from moving objects as required by thisspecification.3.1.21 power imbalance, nrelates to the condition inwhich the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protectoris differen

28、t as presented to the two eyes.3.1.22 prism, prismatic effect, nprism bends a beam oflight as a result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces ofa lens through which the beam of light traverses and theamount of bending is a function of the curvatures, thickness,index of refraction of the mate

29、rial, and the angle of approach ofthe line of sight to the optical surface.3.1.22.1 DiscussionIn this specification, the word prismrefers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the lineof sight of a wearer of an eye protector for the standard viewingposition. Prism is expressed in diopters. T

30、he deviation of theline of sight by 1 cm/m is 1 prism diopter.3.1.23 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.24 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridi-onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.3.1.25 test head form, nfor the p

31、urpose of thisspecification, the reference head forms shall be to EN 168.3.1.25.1 DiscussionThe two head forms are medium size,which approximates a 50th percentile adult male, and smallsize, which approximates a 60th percentile 12-year-old child,and both should be of the polyurethane-covered version

32、.3.1.26 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic devia-tion between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes of anEPD in the vertical meridian.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors as covered under this specification areclassified into the following types:4.1.1 SpectacleA protector with a len

33、s or lenses, sup-ported by frame temples or straps or both, that does not forma tight seal with the face over most of the perimeter of theprotector.4.1.2 GoggleA protector with a lens or lenses, supportedby frame temples or straps or both, that forms a seal with theface over most of the perimeter of

34、 the protector.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers choice of material shall be inaccordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact

35、 with the wearers faceshall not undergo significant change of hardness, loss ofF2812 12 (2018)2strength or flexibility, or other physical changes as a result ofperspiration, oil, sunscreen lotion, or grease from the wearersskin and hair.5.1.4 Headbands shall be capable of holding the gogglesecurely

36、under normal operating conditions and be capable ofeasy adjustment.5.2 CleanabilityEPDs shall be capable of being cleaned tothe degree that, when cleaned in accordance with the methoddescribed in Section 10, they shall remain functional in allways.5.3 ConstructionThe protector shall be constructed i

37、nsuch a manner as to prevent components of the protector fromcontact with the eyes of the head form, detachment, ordislodgment when tested in accordance with Section 9.5.4 Finish and CoatingsFinishes and coatings as used onthe protector shall not delaminate from the base surface of theprotector such

38、 that they dislodge, detach, or delaminate whentested in accordance with Section 9.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical Requirements:6.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 8.7, the refractive power in any meridian shall not exceed0.12 diopters.6.1.2 Astigmatic PowerWhen tested in

39、 accordance with8.7, the astigmatic power (absolute power difference in ex-treme meridians) shall not exceed 0.12 diopters.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with8.7, the power imbalances in corresponding meridians ofextreme power shall not exceed 0.12 diopters between eacheye.6.1.4 Pris

40、matic PowerWhen tested in accord with 8.6,prismatic power shall not exceed 0.50 .6.1.5 Prismatic ImbalanceWhen tested in accord with8.6, prismatic imbalance shall not exceed 0.25- base-in orvertical and 0.75- base-out.6.1.6 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUltraviolet A (UVA) andultraviolet B (UVB) transmit

41、tance of lenses shall comply withANSI Z80.3 for both clear and non clear protectors whenmeasured at any point within the central viewing zone.6.1.7 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.3, forwardscattered light (haze) shall not exceed 3 % for both clear andtinted protectors when measured at any poin

42、t within the centralviewing zone.6.1.8 Optical QualityWhen tested in accordance with 8.2,striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are discernible under the test conditions of 8.2.1shall constitute a failure.6.1.9 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches,bubbl

43、es, grayness, specks, cracks, and watermarks that arediscernible under the test conditions of 8.2.1 shall constitute afailure.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 Impact Resistance:6.2.1.1 High-Velocity Impact Resistance:(1) When tested in accordance with 9.1, at 45 m/s (148 ft/s)at cold and hot temper

44、atures, displaced fragments, separateddelaminations, rupture, or complete fracture of the frame orlenses constitutes a failure. No contact with the eye of the headform shall be permitted by the test projectile, the protector, orits component parts as a result of the impact.(2) When tested in accorda

45、nce with 9.1, at 70 m/s (230 ft/s)at standard temperatures, displaced fragments, separateddelaminations, rupture, or complete fracture of the frame orlenses constitutes a failure. No contact with the eye of the headform shall be permitted by the test projectile, the protector, orits component parts

46、as a result of the impact.(3) When tested in accordance with 9.1.1, any displace-ment or dislodgment of the lens from its original positionwithin the frame of over 25 % constitutes failure.(4) A protector that is dislodged from the test head formwhen tested in accordance with 9.1.1 shall not constit

47、ute afailure provided all of the above mechanical requirements aremet.6.2.1.2 High-Mass Impact Resistance:(1) When tested in accordance with 9.2, displacedfragments, separated delaminations, or complete fracture of theframe or lenses constitutes a failure. Contact with the eye of thehead form is per

48、mitted.(2) When tested in accordance with 9.2, any displacementor dislodgment of the lens greater than 25 % from its originalposition within the frame constitutes failure.(3) A protector that is dislodged from the test head formwhen tested in accordance with 9.2 shall not constitute a failureprovide

49、d all of the above mechanical requirements are met.6.3 UV StabilityProtectors (one group) shall be condi-tioned in accord with 9.4. Conditioned samples shall be testedfor optical and mechanical performance characteristics inaccordance with 6.1.5 and 6.1.6 within 1.0 h of leaving theconditioning atmosphere.6.4 FlammabilityWhen tested in accord with 9.3, theprotector shall not ignite.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered forsale shall be tested.7.2 PreconditioningProtectors shall be