ASTM F2828-2012 Standard Test Method for Assessing Carpet Cleaning Effectiveness in Terms of Visual Appearance Change When Cleaned with a Wet Extraction Cleaning System《根据使用湿萃取净化系统.pdf

1、Designation: F2828 12Standard Test Method forAssessing Carpet Cleaning Effectiveness in Terms of VisualAppearance Change When Cleaned with a Wet ExtractionCleaning System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides only a laboratory test forvisuall

3、y determining the relative carpet cleaning effectivenessof a wet extraction cleaning system when tested under standardconditions.1.2 This test method is applicable to types of upright,canister, and combination wet extraction cleaners and theirrecommended chemical cleaning formulas intended for clean

4、-ing carpets as a primary or secondary function. This testmethod excludes pre-spray systems or pre-spray treatments.1.3 This test method is not applicable to upholstery cleaningor bare floor cleaning.1.4 This test method applies only to the cleaning of embed-ded soil from carpet, not the removal of

5、surface litter anddebris.1.5 This method does not directly quantify the amount ofsoil removed but is visually assessed by employing colorimet-ric instrumentation.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each syst

6、em may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres

7、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6540 Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile YarnFloor CoveringE177 Practice for Use

8、of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF608 Test Method for Evaluation of Carpet Embedded DirtRemoval Effectiveness of Household/Commercial VacuumCleanersF655 Specification for Test Carpets an

9、d Pads for VacuumCleaner Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cleaning effectiveness, wet, nthe potential of a wetextractor cleaner to restore the appearance of a soiled carpet.3.1.2 cleaning system, nwet extraction appliance coupledwith its included or recommended chemical cleaning formula.3.

10、1.3 model, nthe designation of a group of wet extractioncleaners having identical mechanical and electrical construc-tion with only cosmetic or nonfunctional differences.3.1.4 population, nthe total of all units of a particularmodel wet extraction cleaner being tested.3.1.5 sample, na group of extra

11、ction cleaners taken froma large collection of extraction cleaners of one particular modelwhich serves to provide information that may be used as a basisfor making a decision concerning the larger collection.3.1.6 test run, nthe definitive procedure that produces asingular measured result.3.1.7 unit

12、, na single wet extraction cleaner of the modelbeing tested.3.1.8 wet stroke, na single pass across the test carpet inone direction with the application of the cleaning solution.3.1.9 dry stroke, na single pass across the test carpet inone direction without the application of any cleaning solution.3

13、.1.10 Delta-E (DE), na single number representing thedistance in color space between two colors. Delta-E is derivedmathematically and is used in colorimetry to evaluate theextent of color differences and change.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F11 on VacuumCleaners and i

14、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F11.35 on ExtractorCleaners.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. DOI: 10.1520/F2828-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST

15、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method will provide an indication of theeffectiveness

16、 of the cleaning system at restoring the appearanceof an artificially soiled carpet by wet extraction cleaning. Thecleaning effectiveness in the laboratory test may not be thesame as in home cleaning due to variations in the homes,carpets, soils, and other factors.4.2 In order to provide a uniform b

17、asis for measuring theperformance described in section 1.1, standardized test carpet,test pad, and test soil are employed in this procedure.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Scale (for weighing test materials andcarpets)Accurate to 0.01 g (0.00035 oz) and having aweighing capacity of at least 2.0 kg (4.4 lb)

18、.5.2 Stroke Speed Regulator(s)LED two way timer bar(s)or other type of equipment capable of establishing the specifiedrate of movement of the agitator vacuum, test cleaner, andcarpet rake.5.3 VoltmeterTo measure the input voltage to the cleaner,to provide measurements accurate to within 61%.5.4 Volt

19、age-Regulator SystemTo control input voltage tothe cleaner. The regulator must be capable of maintaining thewet extraction cleaners rated voltage 61 % and rated fre-quency having a waveform that is essentially sinusoidal with 3% max harmonic distortion for the duration of the test.5.5 Soiling Appara

20、tus:5.5.1 Carpet and Pellet Soiling CylinderAble to be turnedfreely on a ball mill roller. See Appendix X1.5.5.2 Driving SystemCradles the carpet and pellet soilingcylinder on rollers and keeps the axis of the cylinder level,rotates at 0.58 r/s (35 6 2 rpm).5.6 Color Measurement EquipmentColorimeter

21、 capableof measuring the color of pile yarn floor covering andexpressing the results in L*, a*, b*. The device shall utilize aweight and glass plate to compress the instrument into thefibers to reduce variability inherent in the measurement oftextiles with pile such as carpet. The recommended pressu

22、re ofthe glass plate on the carpet surface is to be 70.0 6 7.0g/cm2(1.0 6 0.1 psi).NOTE 1All necessary adjustments to the color measurement equip-ment for using a glass plate must be made prior to taking readings. See themanufacturers instructions for the specific equipment being used.5.7 Colorimete

23、r WeightWeight to be added to the colo-rimeter to ensure that the compressing force defined in section5.6 is achieved. See Fig. 1. The amount of weight required willvary depending on the total weight and the measurement headdimensions of the colorimeter employed.5.8 PyrometerOr other temperature mea

24、surement devicecapable of measurements up to at least 55 6 0.1C (131 60.1F).5.9 Carpet Color Measurement TemplateTo be the samesize as the test carpet with 10 holes of the same dimensions asthe measurement head of the color measuring device. Seetemplates in Appendix X5.5.10 Vacuum Cleaner(s)With a r

25、otating brush having arange of cleaning performance on ASTM Plush carpet between35 and 45 % when evaluated per the Test Method F608procedure. Multiple units of identical construction are requiredfor each of the carpet conditions (VIRGIN CARPET, SOILEDCARPET, CLEANED CARPET) to avoid cross-contaminat

26、ion.5.11 Carpet Support TemplateA template which can re-ceive the test carpet with no gaps or overlapping of material.The material shall be of similar construction to the test carpetand mounted on the carpet pad.5.12 Weighted Carpet Grooming RakeAn 18-in. wideGrandi Groom carpet rake with 3 lb weigh

27、t added.3See Fig. 2.6. Materials6.1 Test CarpetCut pile nylon carpet. See Appendix X2.6.2 Test PaddingStandardized carpet pad per Specifica-tion F655.6.3 Standard Soiling CompoundAATCC 123 syntheticsoiling formula.46.4 Polymer PelletsPolyamide polymer pellets per TestMethod D6540. See example of pel

28、let material in AppendixX3.6.5 Chrome Alloy Steel Balls9.5 6 0.02 mm (0.374 60.01 in.) diameter.7. Sampling7.1 A minimum of three units of the same model wetextraction cleaner selected at random in accordance with goodstatistical practice shall constitute the population sample.7.2 A minimum of six (

29、6) carpet panels shall be tested pertest for each unit. Three (3) panels to be cleaned in the directionof the lay and three (3) to be cleaned AGAINST the lay. SeeFig. 4.8. Conditioning8.1 Test RoomMaintain the test room in which all condi-tioning and extractor cleaner testing is performed at 21 6 3C

30、(70 6 5F) and 45 to 55 % relative humidity.8.2 All components involved in the test shall remain and beexposed in the controlled environment for at least 16 h prior tothe start of the test.NOTE 2Materials, such as soil, should be stored according to themanufacturers instructions and are not required

31、to be exposed to the testroom conditions.9. Procedures9.1 Polyamide Pellet Preparation:9.1.1 Place 1000.0 6 1.0 g (35.3 6 0.04 oz) of thepolyamide polymer pellets into the pellet soiling cylinder.9.1.2 Add 3.0 6 0.1 g (0.106 6 0.004 oz) of the AATCCStandard Soil to the soiling cylinder for each 1000

32、 g (35.3 oz)of polyamide polymer pellets to be soiled.9.1.3 Secure the lid and place the soiling cylinder on thedriving system. Rotate for 10 min at 0.58 r/s (35 rpm).3Groom Industries AB24 available at: Groom Industries Groom Industries,4282 South 590 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84123, (800) 397-37594

33、The prepared soil is available from SDLAtlas USA, 3934 Airway Drive, RockHill, SC 29732, (803) 329-2110. The soil identification is Catalog # TA2M/9.F2828 1229.1.4 Reverse direction and continue for an additional 10min, for a total of 20 min to ensure a homogenous mixture ofthe soil and polyamide po

34、lymer pellets.9.1.5 Only prepare enough pellets for testing to be con-ducted within a given work day.NOTE 3It is recommended to only prepare enough pellets for testingwithin a given work day. Any remaining pellets not used within 14 daysfor testing should be discarded.9.2 Test Carpet Preparation:9.2

35、.1 Cut the carpet specimen into carpet panels 45.7 cm (18in.) wide and 91.4 cm (36 in.) long, with the long dimension inthe direction of carpet lay. The lay of the carpet must beoriented to result in six (6) panels for each test. Three (3)panels with the “top” marked such that they will be cleanedWI

36、TH the lay and the other three (3) panels marked with the“top” such that they will be cleaned AGAINST the lay asshown in Fig. 4. The carpet panels should be numbered forreference.9.2.2 Prepare the carpet panels for testing by vacuumingeach to remove loose fibers with the VIRGIN CARPETrotating agitat

37、or vacuum cleaner for 16 strokes at 0.55 m/s (1.8ft/s). Eight strokes on each side of the carpet starting on theFIG. 1 Colorimeter WeightF2828 123right side and indexing after the eighth stroke to the oppositeside. Allowance should be made for the belt guard so that theentire area is cleaned with ag

38、itation. The first forward strokeshould be AGAINST the lay of the carpet in all cases.9.2.3 Using the procedure described in 9.3, evaluate thecarpet to determine the initial, virgin readings.9.3 Colorimetric Evaluation Procedure:9.3.1 Carpet Grooming ProcedurePrior to measuring theL*, a*, and b* val

39、ues for the carpet panels, the fibers shall begroomed using the Weighted Carpet Grooming Rake. Readingsshall be made for each carpet in its virgin, soiled, and cleanedstate.9.3.2 Place the rake on the carpet such that the strokedirection is only in the direction WITH the lay in all cases. Pullthe ra

40、ke across the carpet at 0.20 m/s (8.0 in./s) taking care tokeep the tines perpendicular to the carpet surface. Repeat thisstep for a total of 5 strokes with no indexing. Note that allstrokes begin at the same end of the carpet.9.3.3 Using the carpet color measurement template and thecolorimetric mea

41、suring equipment measure the L*, a*, and b*values of the carpet panel at the same ten (10) measurementlocations on each carpet panel. The weight shall be added to theinstrument during measurements to provide consistent pressureof the plate on the measurement surface per section 5.6.FIG. 2 Grandi Gro

42、om Carpet RakeF2828 124NOTE 4Care should be taken to minimize disturbance of the carpetfibers after grooming if carpet panels are to be transported from the floorto a bench top to perform color measurements.9.4 Carpet Soiling Procedure:9.4.1 Ensure that the carpet soiling cylinders and chromealloy s

43、teel balls are clean and dry.9.4.2 Each carpet panel is fitted into a soiling cylinder. Caremust be taken to orient the panels correctly in the soilingcylinder(s) as shown in Fig. 3 to ensure proper direction ofrotation during tumbling.9.4.3 Spread 2000 6 2 g (70.6 6 0.07 oz) clean, chromealloy stee

44、l balls evenly along the seam of the carpet inside thecarpet soiling cylinder. Distribute the predetermined amount ofsoiled polymer pellets on top of the chrome alloy steel ballsand secure the lid. Rotate the cylinder in the direction shown inFig. 3 at 0.58 r/s 35 rpm for 15 min. After 15 min, rever

45、se thedirection of the rollers or reverse the orientation of the cylinderin order to rotate in the opposite direction for an additional 15min.NOTE 5The amount of soiled pellets must be predetermined toprovide a DE of 12.0 6 1.0 between “virgin” and “soiled” conditions. Seesection 10.1 for determinin

46、g DE.9.4.4 Remove the chrome alloy steel balls and pellets fromthe cylinder. The steel balls may be re-used. The pellets shallnot be re-used.9.4.5 Carefully remove the carpet panel from the soilingcylinder making sure the carpet pile does not come into contactwith any other part of the carpet.9.4.6

47、Remove any loose pellets from the carpet panel.9.4.7 Vacuum the carpet panel with the SOILED CARPETrotating agitator vacuum cleaner for 16 strokes at 0.55 m/s (1.8ft/s). Eight strokes on each side of the carpet starting on theright side and indexing after the eighth stroke to the oppositeside. Allow

48、ance should be made for the belt guard so that theentire area is cleaned with agitation. The first forward strokeshould be AGAINST the lay of the carpet in all cases.9.4.8 Using the procedure described in 9.3, evaluate thesoiled carpet panel to establish the soiled readings.9.4.9 Calculate the DE be

49、tween the virgin and soiled read-ings to ensure that the DE value of 12.0 6 1.0 has beenachieved. Adjust the amount of soiled polyamide polymerFIG. 3 Orientation of Carpet Panel in the Soiling CylinderF2828 125pellets and start over if the DE is outside of this range. Seesection 10.1 to calculate DE.9.4.10 The soiled carpets must be used within 14 days ofsoiling.NOTE 6It is important when performing comparative testing ofproduct models that the carpet and soil be taken from the same lots.9.5 Cleaning Procedure:9.5.1 New Wet Extractio