1、Designation: F2870 11Standard Specification for315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference TestTire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements forthe 315/70R22.5 154/150L radial truck standard reference testtire.
3、The tire covered by this specification is primarily for useas a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wearperformance evaluations, but may also be used for otherevaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other teststhat require a reference tire.1.1.1 Other standard referenc
4、e test tires are also used forthese purposes and are referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification provides a 22.5 rim diameter codestandard truck tire design and construction, standard dimen-sions, and specifies the conditions of storage.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstand
5、ard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
6、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDu
7、rometerHardnessD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Ref-erence Test TireF538 Terminology Relating to
8、the Characteristics and Per-formance of TiresF2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial StandardReference Test TireF2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M RadialTruck Standard Reference Test TireF2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S RadialLight Truck Standard Reference Test Tire3.
9、Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology F538.3.1.2 pavement characteristic, nphysical feature or prop-erty of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture,and skid resistance. E8673.1.3 pitch, nunit of tread pattern elements us
10、ed in vari-ous combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F5383.1.4 standard reference test tire, SRTT, ntire that is usedas a control tire or surface-monitoring tire (for example,Specifications E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, and F2872).F5384. Design and Construction4.1 The 315/70R22.5 154/150L stand
11、ard reference test tireshall feature the steel-belted radial technology, and a smooth-ribbed tread design, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, with technology asdescribed in Sections 5-7.4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform to the EuropeanTyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) dimensionsand tolerances
12、for cross section and overall diameter found inthe current ETRTO Standards Manual.34.3 The tire used for this specification is produced byManufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin.4The tire is1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsi
13、bility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F2870-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
14、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation 32/2,avenue Brugmann B-1060 Brussels Belgium.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiq
15、ues Michelin CERL Ladoux, 23 place desCarmes Dechaux, 6304 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 09, France (attn. F43 Magasin specify 315/70R22.5 154/150L Michelin truck SRTT). If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive c
16、areful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.stamped on the sidewall with the words: “Standard ReferenceTest Tire” and “F2870”.5. Materi
17、als and Manufacture5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall con-form to the manufacturers design standards.5.2 Tread compound, fabric processing, and all the steps intire manufacturing shall be controlled to ensure minimumvariability between tires.5.3 The standard reference test tire s
18、hall be as originallymolded without any tread grinding or repairs.5.4 Since the formulation for tread compounds are propri-etary, they shall be controlled by means of their physicalproperties given in Table 1.5.5 Dimensions, weights, and permissible variations aregiven in Section 7.5.6 The tire shal
19、l be of the following construction:5.6.1 One-ply sidewall construction (steel).5.6.2 A five-ply tread construction (one-ply steel and foursteel belts).5.6.3 Black sidewall.6. Physical Properties6.1 The physical properties of the tread compound are listedin Table 1.7. Dimensions, Weights, and Permiss
20、ible Variations7.1 Details of dimensions are listed as follows and areshown in Fig. 3. When tolerances are not specified, tiredimensions are subject to manufacturers normal tolerances.7.2 Inflated Dimensions and Cured Cord Angles at 900 kPa(130 psi):7.2.1 The tread width shall be 259 mm (10.2 in.),
21、and thecross-sectional tread radius shall be 1100 mm (43.3 in.) on thecenter and 650 mm (25.6 in.) on the shoulders.7.2.2 The tread radius is measured using a reference radiustemplate as shown in Fig. 4.7.2.3 The tire shall have an overall section width of 315.8mm (12.43 in.), and an outside diamete
22、r of 1009 mm (39.72in.) when mounted on a measuring rim (22.5x 9.00).7.2.4 The cured cord angles shall be 90 6 8 for the carcassand 65 6 4 for belt 1 and 18 6 4 for belts 2, 3, and 4.7.3 RibsThe tire shall have five ribs.7.4 GroovesThe tire shall have four circumferentialgrooves having a minimum tre
23、ad depth of 10.6 mm (0.417 in.).7.5 Tread Design:7.5.1 Groove (Void) Area Fraction19.0 %.7.5.2 Number of Pitches84.7.5.3 Footprint Size212.5 mm long by 259.2 mm wide(8.37 by 10.22 in.) at 3679 kg (8110 lb) at 900 kPa (130 psi).7.6 Tread Wear IndicatorsThe tire shall have indicators ineach groove, la
24、terally across the tread width, in at least sixlocations spaced uniformly around the tire circumference. Theheight of the wear indicators in the grooves shall be 1.6 mm(0.063 in.), 0.00 mm, + 0.60 mm.NOTE 1Tread depth is not to be measured at these wear indicators.8. Workmanship8.1 Tires shall be fr
25、ee of defects in workmanship andmaterial.9. Test Methods9.1 Preparation of tensile sheet cure shall be in accordancewith Practice D3182.9.2 Stress at 300 % elongation shall be in accordance withTest Methods D412.9.3 Tensile strength shall be in accordance with Test Meth-ods D412.FIG. 1 Front View of
26、 the 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial TruckStandard Reference Test TireFIG. 2 Side View of the 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial TruckStandard Reference Test TireTABLE 1 Physical Properties of Tread CompoundTensile sheet cure, min at 160C (320F) 15.0 minStress at 300 % elongation, MPa (psi) 11.0 6 1.0 MPa (159
27、5 6 145 psi)Tensile strength, min MPa (psi) 15.5 MPa (2250 psi) minElongation, min % 450 % minDurometer hardnessA65 6 2 Type AAMeasured on tire tread.F2870 1129.4 Elongation shall be in accordance with Test MethodsD412.9.5 Tire tread hardness shall be in accordance with TestMethod D2240 in addition
28、to the following:FIG. 3 Tire Cross Section - 315/70 R 22.5 154/150L Radial Truck SRTTFIG. 4 Measuring a Tread Radius using a Reference Radius TemplateF2870 1139.5.1 Use a Type A durometer that has the center of thepresser foot at a minimum of 6.0 mm (0.24 in.) from any edgeof the foot.9.5.2 Check th
29、e durometer operation and the state of cali-bration of the durometer with the rubber reference block(s).9.5.3 Condition the tire and the durometer to an equilibriumof 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) before determining the treadhardness.9.5.4 Determine the tire tread hardness by averaging at leastfour readings
30、. Take these readings in the center of each rib,excluding the center rib. It is recommended that additional setsof readings be taken around the tread circumference.9.5.5 Apply the presser foot to the tire tread, as rapidly aspossible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the treadsurface. Appl
31、y just enough pressure to obtain firm contactbetween the presser foot and the tread surface. Read thedurometer scale within 1 s after the presser foot has madecontact with the tread, but after the initial maximum transientneedle deflection that may occur immediately after contact ismade.10. Certific
32、ation10.1 Upon request, the manufacturer shall furnish to thepurchaser certification that the test tire meets this specification.10.2 All tires under certification shall be subject to themanufacturers normal variation.11. Storage and Preservation11.1 The tires shall be stored under constant relative
33、 humid-ity conditions at a temperature not to exceed 21C (70F) andabove freezing. The ozone level in the storage area shall notexceed 5 parts/10 8 (or 5 mPa partial pressure), and no tiresshall be stored within 9.1 m (30 ft) of electrical motors or otherozone-generating equipment. Storage of the tir
34、es shall be insubdued light, with the tires stacked unbundled, no more thanseven tires high on a pallet.12. Recommendations for Tire Use and OperationalRequirements12.1 It is recommended that the tire be used as a referencefor braking traction, snow traction, and wear performanceevaluations, and for
35、 other evaluations where a standard refer-ence test tire is determined to be required.12.2 The tire shall be mounted on an ETRTO measuring rimwidth code of 9.00 (for example, 22.5 by 9.00 rim).12.3 When irregular wear or damage results from tests, orwhen wear influences the test results, the use of
36、the tire shall bediscontinued.12.4 Test results, such as measured friction force, may beinfluenced by tire tread depth or tread hardness or both. Themagnitude of this dependence is a function of the water depth,pavement characteristics, test speed, tire aging effects, andbreak-in.13. Keywords13.1 br
37、aking; F09; SRTT; standard reference test tire; tirepavement friction; truck; wet brakingAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 This specification covers the general requirements forthe 315/70R22.5 truck radial standard reference test tire. Thetire covered by this specification is prima
38、rily for use as areference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wearperformance evaluations, but may also be used for otherevaluations such as pavement roughness, noise, or other teststhat require a reference tire.X1.2 Standards and regulatory initiatives in Europe on wetgrip braking perfor
39、mance for commercial vehicle tires (or asknown in Europe, Class C2 and C3 tires) have required thedevelopment of this commercial vehicle standard reference testtire. The use of the standard reference test tire is necessary tolimit the variability of the testing method procedures.ASTM International t
40、akes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own
41、responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addr
42、essed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at
43、the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2870 114
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