1、Designation: F2877 13 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forShock Testing of Structural Insulation of A-Class DivisionsConstructed of Steel or Aluminum1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPassive fire protection materials have been required and used o
3、n commercial ships for decades. Thepassive systems include the non-combustible insulation material and its means of attachment to steelor aluminum divisions. The passive system has been evaluated in a standard fire test using a standardsteel or aluminum structural core. No impact loading has been re
4、quired prior to testing for fireresistance.The United States Navy requires shock testing of passive fire protection prior to fire resistancetesting; this test is defined in MIL-STD-3020, Fire Resistance of U.S. Naval Surface Ships, 7November, 2007. The technology to economically shock test the passi
5、ve fire protection systems wasdeveloped 50 years ago, and equipment in commercial laboratories is available.After the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 it is our responsibility that we add a level of shockprotection to our passive fire protection systems on commercial ships where appropriate.2M
6、any of thepassive fire protection systems used today are mechanically fastened and will perform the intendedfunction after a shock event.Passive fire protection insulation may have thermal or acoustic treatments added to the insulateddivision. These treatments add mass to the fire protection system
7、and their effect on shock is notincluded in this specification.TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionSection 1 ScopeSection 2 Referenced DocumentsSection 3 TerminologySection 4 Significance and UseSection 5 Shock Test Prior to Fire ResistanceTestSection 6 Criteria to Evaluate Shock TestSpecimenSection 7 Post
8、 Shock Fire Resistance TestSection 8 Criteria to Evaluate the FireResistance of the Shock TestSpecimenSection 9 Test ReportSection 10 Precision and BiasSection 11 Key Words1. Scope1.1 The purpose of the specification is to evaluate insulationinstalled on steel or aluminum structural division as defi
9、ned inIMO resolution A.754 (18) to ensure the insulation is notdegraded in the event of a shock.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 onInsulation/Processes.Current edition approved May
10、1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2877 111.DOI:10.1520/F2877-13.2JOM, 53(12), 2001 pp 8-12 and www.nist.gov/public.affairs/releases/wtc-briefing-april0505.htmCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
11、ohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.2 The non-combustible passive fire protection insulationshall be installed, which will meet the highest level ofcommercial fire resistance expected. Lower levels of fireresistance will be allowed without additional shock testing.1.3 This test method is used to
12、 measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of thematerials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 Fire testing i
13、s inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsyste
14、m shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish
15、appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 International Maritime Code: International Code forApplication of Fire Test Procedures, ISBN 92-801-1452-2
16、4:A.754 (18) Recommendation on Fire Resistance Tests for“A,” “B,” and “F” Class Divisions2.3 United States Military Documents:MIL-S-901D Requirements for Shock Tests H.I. (High Im-pact) Shipboard Machinery, Equipment, and Systems5NAVSEAINST 9491.ID Approved Class HI Shock TestingMachines6MIL-STD-302
17、0 Fire Resistance of U.S. Navy SurfaceShips73. Terminology3.1 Refer to Terminology E176 for general terms associatedwith fire issues.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 A-Class division“A” class divisions in accordancewith Part 3 of IMO FTP Code are those divisions formed bybulkheads and decks which comply with t
18、he following criteria:(a) They are constructed of steel or other equivalent mate-rial;(b) They are suitably stiffened;(c) They are insulated with approved non-combustible ma-terials such that the average temperature of the unexposed sidewill not rise more than 140C above the original temperature,nor
19、 will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint,rise more than 180C above the original temperature, with thetime listed below:class “A-60” 60 minclass “A-30” 30 minclass “A-15” 15 minclass “A-0” 0 min(d) They are so constructed as to be capable of preventingthe passage of smoke and flam
20、e to the end of the one-hourstandard fire test; and(e) The Administration required a test of a prototype bulk-head or deck in accordance with the Fire Test ProceduresCode to ensure that it meets the above requirements for in-tegrity and temperature rise.3.2.2 fire resistance, nthe ability of a mater
21、ial, product, orassembly to withstand fire or give protection from it for aperiod of time.3.2.2.1 DiscussionFire resistance is the ability of a divi-sion or boundary (typically a bulkhead or overhead) to with-stand fire, give protection from it, prevent fire spread toadjoining compartments, and reta
22、in structural integrity underfire. Structural integrity is the ability to continue to carry astructural load. Fire resistance does not address reaction to fireproperties such as ignitability, surface flame spread, heatrelease rates, smoke density, fire gas toxicity, or other materialfire performance
23、 limits.3.2.2.1 fire resistance ratinga measure of the elapsed timeduring which a material, product, or assembly continues toexhibit fire resistance under specified exposure conditions.3.2.2.2 restricted applicationwhen a division will onlyprotect against a fire threat with the insulation installed
24、on thefire side only, the division is designated as fire resistant withrestricted application.3.2.2.3 un-restricted applicationwhen a division is pro-tected against a fire threat from both sides, the division isdesignated as fire resistant with unrestricted application.3.2.3 non-combustible insulati
25、onan insulation materialwhen tested in accordance with the FTP Code,Annex 1, Part 1,and meet the acceptance criteria are non-combustible.3.2.4 standard steel or aluminum structural corea struc-tural core used to construct the test specimen. It is constructedof either steel or aluminum with the dimen
26、sions and stiffenersshown in Figs. 1-4.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method evaluates the ability of a non-combustible passive fire protection system installed on struc-tural divisions on commercial ships to function after shockloading.4.2 The shock loading is accomplished by conducting im-pa
27、ct testing of a test specimen consisting of insulation on a3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4A
28、vailable from IMO Publishing Service, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE17SR, United Kingdom, email: publication-salesimo.org5Available on the internet at 5 66Available on the internet at nsdb.navsses.navy.mil/Approved %20Class%20HI%20Shock%20Testing% 20Machines.pdf7Available on the internet at 132sta
29、ndard steel or aluminum structural core installed on amedium weight shock test machine.4.3 Following the shock testing the shocked test specimenand an unshocked test specimen are tested for fire resistance.Both shocked and unshocked test specimens are installedside-by-side in a fixture and fire test
30、ed at the same time.4.4 The fire resistance for both specimens is measured andrecorded.FIG. 1 Steel Test Specimen Construction Details for A-ClassBulkheadFIG. 2 Aluminum Test Specimen Construction Details for A-ClassBulkheadFIG. 3 Steel Test Specimen Construction Details for A-Class DeckFIG. 4 Alumi
31、num Test Specimen Construction Details for A-ClassDeckF2877 1334.5 Other passive fire protection systems using the sameinsulation materials and attachment methods and having lowerfire resistance ratings will be accepted without additional shocktesting.5. Shock Test Prior to Fire Resistance Test5.1 F
32、ire resistant divisions, bulkheads and decks, withpassive fire protection and associated attachments, shall beshock tested in accordance with MIL-S-901D, Section 3.1.2 (b)Medium Weight Shock Test. The test specimen construction,orientations, fixture and assembly details are provided asguidance in Fi
33、gs. 1-8. Testing shall be performed using bothdeck and bulkhead orientations. Test shall be performed for theorientations being evaluated, that is bulkhead, or deck, or both.5.2 The test specimens to be insulated are 1220 by 3050 mm48 by 120 in. Two specimens shall be constructed for eachconfigurati
34、on to be tested. Both specimens will be insulatedwith passive fire protection, only one will be shock tested.5.2.1 The steel bulkhead test specimen is shown in Fig. 1.5.2.1.1 The aluminum bulkhead test specimen is shown inFig. 2.5.2.2 The steel deck test specimen is shown in Fig. 3.5.2.2.1 The alumi
35、num deck test specimen is shown in Fig.4.5.2.3 The bulkhead or deck shall be insulated on thestiffened side with a passive fire protection system for thedesired fire resistance rating. The most severe test for thebulkhead is A-60 unrestricted, and for the deck A-60.5.2.4 The deck shall be insulated
36、on the stiffened side withpassive fire protection system of an expected A-60 rating.5.2.5 The insulated test specimen shall be mounted into thetest fixture as shown:5.2.5.1 In Fig. 5, Typical Deck Mounting Detail.5.2.5.2 In Fig. 6, Cross Section of Bulkhead MountingDetail.5.2.6 Each test specimen sh
37、all be exposed to three hammerblows per each of the three orientations as shown:5.2.6.1 In Fig. 7, Bulkhead Orientations.5.2.6.2 In Fig. 8, Deck Orientations.5.2.7 The shocked test specimen shall be evaluated to thecriteria in Section 6. If it is deemed to meet the criteria, theshocked and unshocked
38、 specimens shall be sent to the firetesting laboratory for the testing as stated in Section 7.6. Criteria to Evaluate Shock Test Specimens6.1 If pins or mechanical fasteners are used to install theinsulation, the performance of insulation or other passive fireprotection materials shall be based on v
39、isual observations. Thefollowing factors would degrade the performance of theinsulation. If anyone of the following is evident, the testspecimen is deemed to have failed the shock test.6.1.1 More than 10 % of the pins or fasteners used to holdthe insulation become loose from the test specimen.Aloose
40、 pinor fastener is one which is no longer attached to the structuralcore.6.1.2 Three or more adjacent pins become loose from thetest specimen.6.1.3 The insulation develops a noticeable crack or voidwhich exposes the test specimen to direct heat transfer pathfrom the fire exposure.6.2 If adhesives ar
41、e used to attach the insulation to thestandard structural core, any of the following observationswould deem the insulation system has failed the shock test.6.2.1 The insulation cracks exposing the test specimen.6.2.2 The insulation comes adrift forming a direct heattransfer path to the test specimen
42、.6.2.3 The insulation becomes loose and forms a noticeablevoid within the insulation itself or between the insulation andthe test specimen.FIG. 5 Typical Deck Mounting DetailFIG. 6 Cross Section Bulkhead Mounting DetailF2877 1347. Post Shock Fire Resistance Test7.1 The test specimens having met the
43、shock criteria inSection 6 shall be tested by a flag state approved fire testinglaboratory.87.2 For bulkhead tests, the unshocked test specimen shall befire tested, side-by-side in the same vertical furnace, with theshock tested specimen. For deck tests, an unshocked testspecimen shall be fire teste
44、d, side-by-side in the same horizon-tal furnace, with a shock tested specimen. The fire test shall beconducted for one hour.7.3 The furnace control shall be the same as stated in IMOResolution A.754(18) paragraph 8.3 of reference 2.1.7.4 The unexposed-face temperature thermocouples shall bedesigned
45、and fixed to the unexposed face of the test specimensas stated in IMO Resolution A.754(18) paragraph 7.4 ofreference 2.1.7.5 For testing of bulkhead and deck assemblies withinsulation only on one side, six thermocouples shall besymmetrically located on the unexposed face to determine theaverage and
46、maximum unexposed temperatures. The thermo-couples shall be located on the centerline of the frame bays asshown in Fig. 9.7.5.1 Additional thermocouples shall be added at the dis-cretion of the laboratory engineer.8. Criteria to Evaluate the Fire Resistance of the ShockTested Specimen8.1 The average
47、 temperature rise of the shocked specimen,as determined by the average temperature rise of all sixthermocouples, shall not be greater than 10 % of the averagetemperature rise of the unshocked specimen at the end of thefire resistance test.8.2 The maximum temperature rise of any thermocouple onthe sh
48、ocked fire test specimen shall not exceed 180C.9. Test Report9.1 Atest report shall be written by the shock test laboratoryfor the shock test, irrespective of the outcome of the test.9.1.1 The shock test report shall be written by the shock testlaboratory personnel and shall include:9.1.1.1 Descript
49、ion of the insulation to include weights ofeach piece of material installed on the test specimen.9.1.1.2 Description and photographs of the attachment toinclude location of all attachments and method of installingcomponents on the test specimen.9.1.1.3 Data log describing the observations made after eachof the hammer blows.9.1.1.4 Video of each hammer blow and photographs of thetest specimen after each hammer blow.9.1.1.5 A statement on whether the passive fire protectionsystem meets the c
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