1、Designation: F2930 14aStandard Guide forCompliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufactur-ers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for lightsport aircraft. This guidance mat
3、erial presents philosophies,practices and considerations recommended by industryconsensus, but does not present technical or business require-ments that must be met.1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to beconsidered by organizations looking to develop or improveobjective evidenc
4、e of compliance for light sport aircraft. Itdoes not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations orother requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft,production or testing process.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
5、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport Airplane
6、F2295 Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitor-ing of a Light Sport AircraftF2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development ofMaintenance Manuals for Light Sport AircraftF2626 Terminology for Light Sport AircraftF2746 Specification for Pilots Operating Handbook (POH)for Light Sport Airpl
7、aneF2839 Practice for Compliance Audits to ASTM Standardson Light Sport AircraftF2972 Specification for Light Sport Aircraft ManufacturersQuality Assurance SystemF3035 Practice for Production Acceptance in the Manufac-ture of a Fixed Wing Light Sport Aircraft2.2 FAA Standards:3FAA Advisory Circular
8、No. 23.629-1B Means of Compli-ance with Title 14 CFR, Part 23, Section 23.629, FlutterFAA JASC (Joint Aircraft System/Component) Codes2.3 Other References:ATA (Air Transport Association) Spec 100, or the neweriSpec 2200Information Standards for Aviation Mainte-nance4Metallic Materials Properties Dev
9、elopment and Standardiza-tion (MMPDS, formerly MIL-HDBK-5)5CMH-17 (formerly MIL-HDBK-17) for composite materialproperties5CICTT (Commercial Aviation Safety Team/InternationalCivil Aviation Organization Common TaxonomyTeam) International Standard for Aircraft Make, Model,and Series Groupings Business
10、 Rules, October 2012(1.3)63. Terminology3.1 The following are a selection of relevant terms. SeeTerminology F2626 for more definitions and abbreviations.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 compliance packagea set of documents which pro-vides objective, verifiable evidence for compliance to appli-cable ASTM standa
11、rds.3.2.2 compliance programa set of activities planned for,executed, and for which results are reviewed against ASTMstandards for the purpose of declaring compliance to a particu-lar standard.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe program may be short and simpleor extensive and comprehensive, depending on the stand
12、ard orpurpose of the program (for example, initial design versusmodification).1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light SportAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on Cross Cutting.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Origin
13、ally approvedin 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2930 14. DOI: 10.1520/F2930-14A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
14、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.4Available from http:/www.airlines.org.5Available from http:/.6Available from http:/intlaviationstandards.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100
15、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 continued compliance activitywork that is con-ducted as part of the ongoing support and production of anaircraft following the initial design definition and statement ofcompliance.3.2.4 control drawingdiscloses en
16、gineering form, fit,function, and performance requirements for the acquisition ofpurchased items of existing designs, or of items speciallydeveloped by vendors.3.2.4.1 DiscussionA control drawing facilitates accurateprocurement of vendor-developed items without disclosingdetails of designs or divulg
17、ing proprietary vendor data.3.2.5 date of manufacturepossible dates include, but arenot limited to, the date of initial registration in the relevantcountry of first registry of the individual aircraft, the date ofinitial airworthiness certification, the date of the signature of astatement of complia
18、nce, or other date as defined by theapplicable CAA.3.2.5.1 DiscussionIt is important for the manufacturer tocorrectly identify this date as it determines which standards andwhich revisions thereof are applicable to each individualaircraft.3.2.6 declaration of compliancethe official statement by aman
19、ufacturer that an aircraft meets the applicable light sportaircraft standards as specified by the relevant CAA.3.2.7 manufacturerany entity engaged in the productionof a light sport aircraft which is responsible for completing allcompliance-related paperwork and assertions of compliance.3.2.7.1 Disc
20、ussionThe manufacturer is also responsiblefor identifying each aircraft produced; for stating that eachaircraft complies with the applicable requirements, conforms toits own design definition and has performed acceptably on allnecessary ground and flight testing; and for continued moni-toring and co
21、rrection of safety-of-flight issues.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 AMMAircraft Maintenance Manual3.3.2 BOMBill of Materials3.3.3 CAACivil Aviation Authority3.3.4 CAD/CAMComputer Aided Design/ComputerAided Manufacturing3.3.5 COS/COSMContinued Operational Safety/Monitoring3.3.6 COTSCommercial Off-The-Shelf3.3.7 F
22、TSFlight Training Supplement3.3.8 IPBIllustrated Parts Breakdown (aka IPC, Inte-grated Parts Catalogue, Illustrated Parts Catalog)3.3.9 LSALight Sport Aircraft3.3.10 MCCLMaster Compliance Check List3.3.11 MOCMeans of Compliance3.3.12 MTSMade to Spec3.3.13 NHANext Higher Assembly3.3.14 OEMOriginal Eq
23、uipment Manufacturer3.3.15 POHPilot Operating Handbook (aka AFM, Air-craft Flight Manual; aka AOI, Aircraft Operating Instructions)3.3.16 QAQuality Assurance3.3.17 QAMQuality Assurance Manual3.3.18 QAPQuality Assurance Program3.3.19 QARQuality Assurance Record3.3.20 QCQuality Control3.3.21 UMUnit of
24、 Measure4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examplesfor consideration related to compliance which are not neces-sarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light sportaircraft. The outline of this document is intended to looselyreflect the process that an org
25、anization would go through inorder to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraftthat is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTMstandards.4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturerswhich are responsible for conformity to processes and proce-dures required in ASTM sta
26、ndards for light sport aircraft.Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents ofthis guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards,establish, document and follow their own procedures.4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining whichstandards and revisions thereof are pa
27、rt of the regulatorypackage of any given CAA, along with any other requirementsapplicable within the agencys jurisdiction.4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of aparticular light sport aircraft; however, following the explana-tions provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoid
28、ingcommon pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, deter-mining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance,and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to supporta declaration of compliance.5. Key Themes5.1 The following key concepts are essential to the compli-ance process and ca
29、n be seen throughout this guide. Manufac-turers are encouraged to keep these themes in mind.5.2 Configuration ControlOver the course of the develop-ment or compliance program, or both, the configuration shouldbe captured such that the specifics of the compliant design arecharacterized, traceable, an
30、d documented. This includes ele-ments such as definition, source, specifications, and a systemfor managing configuration.5.3 Change ManagementChanges come about from avariety of sources: changes for improvements to a design, as aresult of safety of flight issues, or in response to a change in thesta
31、ndards themselves.All changes must be managed in order tomaintain compliance to the applicable standards throughout theproducts lifecycle. Failure to manage and track changes willresult in non-compliance.5.4 DocumentationThe implementation of the consensusstandards within a certification process dep
32、ends on compliancewhich is not merely declared, but also verifiable and repeat-able. If compliance is not documented, it cannot be assumed.F2930 14a2Thorough documentation is essential for providing traceability,supporting compliance and certification activities, and facili-tating design control. Th
33、e manufacturer must be able to fullyaccount for all activity pertaining to the applicable require-ments associated with the aircraft. In addition, any assumptionsthat are relied upon as part of the design or production processshould also be thoroughly documented. For parameters that aresubject to va
34、riation, documentation of the sensitivity of aircraftperformance or conformity to those parameters is also highlyrecommended.5.5 Plan, Execute, Evaluate, Record (PEER):5.5.1 PlanA systematic plan that covers all elements ofcompliance, from an overall system for document managementand design definiti
35、on to maintenance and continued operationalsupport, should be established at the beginning of anycompliance-related effort. It should include a process fordocumenting results to be used as a means of checks andbalances. The plan should cover all phases of productdevelopment, manufacture, and support
36、. Reliance on fleetexperience or anecdotal information for an existing design doesnot generally meet the minimum requirements for this plan.Processes that are capable of providing traceability and supportproof of compliance as needed should be implemented withineach phase.5.5.2 ExecuteSystematic exe
37、cution to the plan with thor-ough documentation is essential to future declarations ofcompliance. If documentation is not sufficient, either fromnewly conducted design or test exercise, or from potentiallyrelevant fleet experience, the manufacturer may have to redotesting or analysis.5.5.3 EvaluateA
38、ppropriate evaluation of results in light ofeach individual requirement and use of planned checks andbalances is critical. Standards are written in terms of minimumrequirements such that failure to comply or a lack of ability todemonstrate compliance on any single item in a standard isnon-compliance
39、 of the entire aircraft or system.5.5.4 RecordAppropriately document all findings thatsupport the applicable requirements. Documents should beclearly identified and written so that compliance to the require-ments can be easily verified. Document control will alsosupport configuration control.6. Comp
40、liance Process Overview6.1 OverviewA schematic overview of the complianceprocess is shown in Fig. 1. One possible path through the lightsport aircraft compliance process is provided in Fig. 2. Fol-lowing these flowcharts does not ensure compliance, nor doesimplementing a process that differs from th
41、ese flowchartsFIG. 1 Compliance Program Schematic OverviewF2930 14a3necessarily mean non-compliance. Manufacturers are respon-sible for defining, executing and evaluating their own pro-cesses for both initial and ongoing compliance.NOTE 1While Fig. 2 ends with signing a statement of compliance fora
42、production aircraft, each aircraft produced does require its ownstatement of compliance and must comply with the set of standards thatare currently in effect at the date of manufacture.6.2 Personnel CertificationA key aspect of the compli-ance process is ensuring that those responsible for determini
43、ngcompliance within the manufacturers organization are appro-priately trained and qualified to do so. This is true regardless ofthe level of CAA oversight applied to the certification process.While it is not the intent of this Guide to mandate training ora particular training course, Manufacturers s
44、hould be aware ofany such requirements that the relevant Civil Aviation Agencyin the county of first registry of the aircraft may, if desired,impose that mandate training or define limitations of validityand requirements for recurrent training. The scope discussed in6.2.1 is intended to be represent
45、ative of one might expect to seein an appropriate training course.6.2.1 Training ScopeThe training is intended to verify thatgraduates are able to understand and determine whether anaircraft design and the manufacturers operations and processesmeet the requirements set forth in the ASTM standards fo
46、rLight Sport Aircraft as well as the relevant regulatory frame-work. The training aims to provide education on the relevantstandards, how they are used, and best practices to helpminimize potential negative actions by the applicable CAAthrough robust demonstration of compliance. To achieve this,the
47、training provides understanding of:6.2.1.1 How to assess whether there is adequate substantia-tion to show compliance to the applicable standards set forth inthe ASTM standards for light aircraft;6.2.1.2 The requirements to obtain LSA certification, inclu-sive of design, performance, quality, and co
48、ntinued operationalsafety;6.2.1.3 The various materials that must be provided with thesale of an ASTM compliant aircraft; and6.2.1.4 The responsibilities and duties of an ASTM compli-ant aircraft manufacturer.FIG. 2 Example Light Sport Aircraft Certification ProcessF2930 14a46.2.1.5 Additionally, tr
49、aining is desirable to enhance under-standing in complying with specific design, production, andcontinued airworthiness requirements. Study of this guidecomplements this training, but is not intended to replace it.6.2.2 Available Training Programs:6.2.2.1 ASTM Light Aircraft Certificate ProgramASTMadministers the Light Aircraft Personnel Certificate Program.The ASTM Technical and Professional Training (TPT) Depart-ment developed a two-day training program on the properapplication of ASTM F37 standards and
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