1、Designation: F2959 12Standard Practice forSpecial Requirements for Aerial Adventure Courses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the Design,Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Auditingand Major Modification of Aer
3、ial Adventure Courses manu-factured after the effective date of publication of this documentexcept as noted in 1.3.1.2 This practice applies to the following devices whenoperated for concession or commercial recreation.1.2.1 Zip Lines.1.2.2 Ropes Courses.1.2.3 Challenge Courses.1.2.4 Aerial Trekking
4、 Courses.1.2.5 Canopy Tours.1.3 This practice shall not apply to the following:1.3.1 Aerial Adventure Courses when operated exclusivelyunder the following applications:1.3.1.1 Educational curriculum.1.3.1.2 Physical fitness purposes.1.3.1.3 Organized competitive events.1.3.1.4 Therapeutic programs.1
5、.3.1.5 Training purposes.1.3.1.6 Team and confidence building.1.3.1.7 Playground equipment covered by Consumer SafetyPerformance Specification F1487.1.3.2 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteriaare specifically addressed in another ASTM standard.1.3.3 Portions of an Aerial Adventure Course
6、 unaffected bya major modification.1.3.4 Upgrades to electrical wiring, electrical motors andelectrical components of Aerial Adventure Courses providedthe original design and safety criteria are maintained orenhanced.1.3.5 Pre-existing designs forAerialAdventure Courses thatare installed after the p
7、ublication date of this practice if thedesign is service proven or previously compliant as specifiedby 1.3.5.1.1.3.5.1 Aerial Adventure Course designs may qualify as“previously compliant” for five years following the date ofpublication of this practice. Thereafter, an Aerial AdventureCourse design m
8、ust qualify as “service proven” as defined inPractice F2291 or meet the requirements of this practice.1.4 This practice includes an annex (mandatory), whichprovides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and soforth) to improve the users und
9、erstanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The annex informationshall be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.5 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory),which provides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, com
10、mentary, and soforth.) to improve the users understanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The appendix informa-tion shall not be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
11、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specifichazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F747 Ter
12、minology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vicesF770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, andInspection of Amusement Rides and DevicesF846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand DevicesF893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and DevicesF1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture
13、, and Constructionof Amusement Rides and DevicesF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Play-ground Equipment for Public UseF1772 Specification for Harnesses for Rescue, Safety, andSport ActivitiesF1957 Test Method for Composite Foam Hardness-Durometer Hardness1This test method is under
14、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 onAmusement Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF24.60 on Special Rides/Attractions.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. DOI: 10.1520/F2959-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as
15、tm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F2137 Pra
16、ctice for Measuring the Dynamic Characteristicsof Amusement Rides and DevicesF2291 Practice for Design ofAmusement Rides and DevicesF2375 Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation andTesting of Climbing Nets and Netting/Mesh used inAmusement Rides, Devices, Play Areas and Attractions2.2 ANSI St
17、andards:3ANSI B77 Passenger Ropeways - Aerial Tramways, AerialLifts, Surface Lifts, Tows and Conveyors - Safety Re-quirementsANSI Z359 Fall Protection Code2.3 European Standard:4EN 12277 Mountaineering equipment - Harnesses - Safetyrequirements and test methods2.4 NFPA Standard:5NFPA 1983 Standard o
18、n Life Safety Rope and Equipmentfor Emergency Services2.5 UIAA Standard:6UIAA 105 Mountaineering and Climbing Equipment: Har-nesses3. Terminology3.1 Terminology shall be in accordance with TerminologyF747.4. Significance and Use4.1 The rational for developing a separate standard practiceforAerialAdv
19、enture Courses is based on the unique functional,operational and patron participation requirements when com-pared to amusement rides and devices.4.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide designers,manufacturers, owners/operators and auditors with criteria andreferences for use in the design, ma
20、nufacture, installation,operation, maintenance, auditing and major modification ofaerial adventure courses.4.3 Unless this practice expressly provides otherwise in aparticular provision, the term “Aerial Adventure Course” is tobe used in place of “Amusement Rides and Devices” herein.5. Owner/Operato
21、r Requirements5.1 Ownership, operation, maintenance and inspection re-quirements for Aerial Adventure Courses shall be in accor-dance with Practice F770 with the following exceptions andinclusions:5.1.1 Substitute the word “patron” for “passenger” whenused.5.1.2 Include in Practice F770 Section 4, S
22、ubsection 4.1.1The Owner/Operator shall also consider environmental condi-tion(s) including but not limited to wind, rain, ice, andlightning when developing operating procedures.5.1.3 Practice F770 Section 4, Subsection 4.1Replace“Manufacturer” with “Designer/Engineer, Manufacturer andTraining Entit
23、y.”5.1.4 Practice F770 Section 4, Subsection 4.1.1, shall alsoinclude the operation policies and procedures with pertinentinformation from the Designer/Engineer, Manufacturer andTraining Entity.5.1.5 Practice F770 Section 4, Section 4.1.2Specificemergency procedures in the event of an abnormal condi
24、tion oran interruption of service shall include an access plan forperforming evacuation, first aid and ground care of evacuatedpatrons.5.1.6 Practice F770 Section 4, Subsection 4.1.4.4 shall bereplaced with the following:5.1.6.1 Prior to carrying patrons, the Course shall be in-spected and tested pe
25、r the Designer/Engineer, Manufacturerand Training Entitys requirements.5.1.7 Practice F770 Section 4Add the following:5.1.7.1 Documentation Retention RequirementsMaterialand quality conformance certifications and documentation asrequired by the Designer/Engineer as outlined in PracticeF2291 or provi
26、ded by Manufacturers requirements as outlinedin Practice F1193, or both, must be retained during the lifecycle of the of the Aerial Adventure Course.5.1.7.2 The owner/operator shall develop a document reten-tion policy for pertinent records including, but not limited totraining and inspection record
27、s.5.1.8 Practice F770 Section 5, Subsection 5.1 shall bereplaced with the following:5.1.8.1 There are inherent risks in the participation in or onany Aerial Adventure Course which require appropriate patronawareness, participation, physical ability and dexterity. Patronsof Aerial Adventure Courses b
28、y participating, accept the risksinherent in such participation of which the ordinary prudentperson is or should be aware. Patrons have a duty to exercisegood judgment and act in a responsible manner while in or onany Aerial Adventure Course, and to obey all oral or writtenwarnings, or both, prior t
29、o or during participation.5.1.9 Practice F770 Subsection 6.1 shall include the follow-ing:5.1.9.1 Replace “Manufacturer” with “Designer/Engineer,Manufacturer and Training Entity.”5.1.9.2 When one or more live tree(s) are utilized in anAerial Adventure Course, qualified person(s) shall perform anarbo
30、ricultural inspection to determine that the tree(s) arehealthy and suitable for the intended use and that the originaldesign intent is maintained. The inspections shall be per-formed:(1) At a frequency of not less than once per year,(2) After the occurrence of any significant environmentalevent, suc
31、h as hurricane, tornado, lightning, ice storms,earthquake, flooding or drought,(3) After any change in surrounding environment thatcould alter the health and integrity of the trees utilized, such asremoval of adjacent trees or development of adjoiningproperties,3Available from American National Stan
32、dards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy,
33、 MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.6Available from International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation (UIAA),61 Postfach CH-3000 Bern 23 Switzerland, http:/www.theuiaa.org/index.php.F2959 122(4) Physical damage such as a major limb failure, whenthere is a change in the visible health of the tree o
34、r canopy, orboth, due to disease or insect.5.1.9.3 Practice F770 Section 6, Subsection 6.3.8Thecourse shall be tested per the Designer/Engineer, Manufacturerand Training Entitys requirements.5.1.9.4 Practice F770 Subsection 8.3Replace “Manufac-turer” with “Designer/Engineer, Manufacturer and Trainin
35、gEntity.”6. Testing Performance6.1 Testing performance shall be in accordance with GuideF846.7. Auditing7.1 Auditing requirements shall be in accordance withGuide F893.8. Quality, Manufacture, and Construction Requirements8.1 Quality, manufacture, and construction shall be in ac-cordance with Practi
36、ce F1193.9. Testing Composite Foam9.1 Testing Composite Foam shall be in accordance withTest Method F1957.10. Measuring Dynamic Characteristics10.1 Measuring Dynamic Characteristics shall be in accor-dance with Practice F2137.11. Design Requirements11.1 Design of Aerial Adventure Courses shall be in
37、 accor-dance with Practice F2291 with the following exceptions andinclusions:11.1.1 Practice F2291 Section 5.1.1.2 Patron ClearanceEnvelope AnalysisShall include the Patrons effects on thedynamics within the Aerial Adventure Course in accordancewith 11.1.2.11.1.2 Practice F2291 Section 5.1.1: Ride A
38、nalysisTheride analysis shall consider the Patronseffects on the dynamicswithin the Aerial Adventure Course including but not limitedto:11.1.2.1 Patron orientation.11.1.2.2 Patron consciousness.11.1.2.3 Patron behaviors.11.1.3 Practice F2291 Section 5.1.3Shall include but notbe limited to the follow
39、ing:11.1.3.1 The deceleration and arrest of patrons arriving atlanding zones shall be performed in a controlled manner.11.1.3.2 Environmental factors including humidity,precipitation, temperature and the wind effects on patronvelocity.11.1.4 Practice F2291 Section 5.5.3Documentation sup-plied to the
40、 buyer, owner, or operator shall be complete andadequate for proper installation, maintenance, inspection, andoperation of the amusement ride, device, or major modifica-tion. The documentation shall include, but not limited to thefollowing:11.1.4.1 Daily pre-operational inspection. Prior to operatin
41、gthe course with patrons, a daily inspection shall be conductedwhich shall include, but not be limited to the following:(1) Perform a visual inspection for the following compo-nents of the course, as applicable:(a) Platforms, stairways, pathways, ramps, support struc-tures and trees included in and
42、directly adjacent to the course.(b) Course restraint and zipline hardware including rope,attachment hardware and anchor system.(c) Counterweight or other tension control system compo-nents such as cylinders or carriages shall have sufficient travelto operate as intended.(d) Personal safety equipment
43、 such as harnesses, lanyard,carabineers, pulleys/trolleys and etc.(e) Patron clearance envelope.(2) Verify proper operation of the following, as applicable:(a) Specified manual and automatic Patron control equip-ment.(b) Specified safety related control system components.(c) Braking systems.(d) Comm
44、unication systems.(3) Ensure access routes and platforms are clear of ice andsnow to the extent necessary to permit inspection and opera-tion.11.1.4.2 Maintenance Inspection RequirementsThe in-spection criteria requirements, frequency and retirement crite-ria shall be developed for the following com
45、ponents:(1) Wire RopeWire rope shall be subject to detailedvisual inspection at regularly established intervals based onusage, but not to exceed one year by a qualified wire ropeinspector, or immediately after any event possibly affecting theintegrity of the wire rope. The following items shall beco
46、nsidered in determining the continued use of the wire rope:(a) Broken wires.(b) Displaced or loose wire.(c) Physical damage at impact areas on cables.(d) Visual inspection of impact areas on the zip line.(e) Diameter: Reduction Original diameter of cable shallbe recorded at time of commissioning and
47、 recorded for use indetermining subsequent diameter reduction calculations.(f) Tensioning procedures to ensure wire rope tensions arewithin specified operating parameters.(2) Wire rope associated hardware.(3) Anchorage systems.(4) Personal Safety Equipment (PSE).(5) Support structures and connection
48、 hardware.(6) All components in the primary load path not listedabove.11.1.5 Practice F2291 Section 6.6.2This requirementshall include the landing zone(s) of the course.11.1.6 Practice F2291 Section 6.6.3.2(3) shall be replacedby the following:11.1.6.1 The ability, as limited by the patron containme
49、nt, ofthe patron to extend any body part, for example, arms and legsand shall include the patrons ability to move their position orposture on the course.11.1.7 Practice F2291 Section 7Acceleration limits shallhave the following inclusion:F2959 12311.1.7.1 For restraint and containment cases on AerialAdventure Courses that are not covered in Practice F2291Section 7, the designer/engineer shall consider biodynamiceffects on the patrons including the pendulum effect.11.1.8 Practice F2291, Section 8.6Patron weights shall bemodified as follows:11.1.8.1 Delete
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