1、Designation: F3005 14F3005 14aStandard Specification forBatteries for Use in Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems(sUAS)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3005; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard defines the requirements for batteries used in small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS).1.2 This standa
3、rd does not define requirements for the systems in which sUAS battery packs may be utilized.1.3 This standard is subordinate to Specification F2910.1.4 If allowed by a nations GAA, certain sUAS may be exempt from this standard and may use commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) batteries. batteries in non-sa
4、fety-critical payloads (lithium chemistries may not be exempted).Air transport regulations stillshall be adhered to when air transport is used for COTS cells or batteries in bulk.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the resp
5、onsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2910 Specification for Design, Construction, and Test of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUA
6、S)2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2008 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes3UL 1642 Standard for Lithium Batteries43. Terminology3.1 Definitions and AcronymsThe standard terminology for sUAS as defined in higher level standards applies in general tothis standard except as no
7、ted below.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 C-rating, nmaximum steady-state current (amps) at which the battery cell or pack may be discharged without havingpack temperature exceed the temperature that results in permanent damage, loss of capacity or CTT of its constituent cel
8、l(s) orresult in a reduction in cell life. C-rating is expressed as a multiple of the capacity. For example, a battery with a nominal capacityof 4 Ah may have a C-rating of 5C, meaning that 20 A would be considered its maximum safe current.3.2.2 characteristic thermal threshold, CTT, nthe temperatur
9、e beyond which a rechargeable battery cell of particularchemistry and structure will exhibit permanent deterioration of its critical performance parameters as evident upon subsequentcharge/discharge cycles. Cell capacity and internal resistance are critical performance parameters. CTT is rated at bo
10、th upper andlower thresholds.3.2.3 depth of discharge, DOD, nratio of cell or pack capacity expended relative to its nominal capacity.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.01 onAirworthin
11、ess.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014June 1, 2014. Published February 2014July 2014. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asF3005 14. DOI: 10.1520/F3005-14.10.1520/F3005-14A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custom
12、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203, http:/www.asq.org.4 Applicable only to 5.1 on cell su
13、ppliers.Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http:/.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be techni
14、cally possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
15、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.4 pack, na single cell or composition of battery cells connected in series or in parallel or both plus monitoring electronics,structure, and connector(s).3.2.5 pack assembler, nthat supplier which performs the manufacturing processes whicht
16、hat integrate the essentialcomponents into a functional pack. In the event that multiple suppliers are involved in the assembly process, the pack assembleris thatthe supplier whichthat performs the final electrical connection(s). One supplier may weld solderable tabs to a batch of cells,a second sup
17、plier may connect circuitry, wiring and a connector, and yet a third may install the assembly in a plastic housing. Inthis example, the second supplier would be the pack assembler.3.2.6 shall versus should versus may, vuse of the word “shall” implies that a procedure or statement is mandatory and mu
18、stbe followed to comply with this standard, “should” implies recommended, and “may” implies optional at the discretion of thesupplier, manufacturer, or operator. Since “shall” statements are requirements, they include sufficient detail needed to definecompliance (for example, threshold values, test
19、methods, oversight, reference to other standards). “Should” statement are providedas guidance toward the overall goal of improving safety and could include only subjective statements. “Should” statements alsorepresent parameters that could be used in safety evaluations and could lead to development
20、of future requirements. “May”statements are provided to clarify acceptability of a specific item or practice and offer options for satisfying requirements.3.2.7 small unmanned aircraft system, sUAS, ncomposed of the small unmanned aircraft (sUA) and all required on-boardsubsystems, payload, control
21、station, other required off-board subsystems, any required launch and recovery equipment, andcommand and control (C2) links between the sUA and the control station. Since any one of the preceding subsystems may affectreliability and thus safety of the sUAS, batteries used in those subsystems shall c
22、omply with this standard unless failure of thebattery will not compromise safety. For purposes of this standard sUAS is synonymous with small Remotely Piloted AircraftSystem (sRPAS), and SUA is synomymoussynonymous with a small Remotely Piloted Aircraft (sRPA).3.2.8 supplier, nany entity engaged in
23、the design or production of a battery pack or any component of a pack intended foruseduse in a sUAS. The cell supplier is the manufacturer of the fundamental cell(s) constituent in a battery core. Various supplierscontribute to the production of a pack, and any differences between them are described
24、 both explicitly and by context throughoutthe document.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 COTSCommercial off the Shelf3.3.2 CTTCharacteristic Thermal Threshold3.3.3 DODDepth of Discharge3.3.4 ICInternal Combustion3.3.5 LiLithium3.3.6 LiFeLithium Ferrite (commonly used, abbreviated reference to LiFePO4)3.3.7 LiFePO4
25、Lithium Iron Phosphate3.3.8 LiIonLithium Ion3.3.9 LiPoLithium Polymer (commonly used term for a package-specific variation of the Lithium Ion chemistry)3.3.10 MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheet3.3.11 NiCdNickel Cadmium3.3.12 NiMHNickel Metal Hydride3.3.13 PCMProtective Circuit Module3.3.14 PVCPolyvinyl
26、Chloride3.3.15 SDSSafety Data Sheet3.3.16 SLASealed Lead Acid3.3.17 sUASSmall Unmanned Aircraft System3.3.18 UASUnmanned Aircraft System3.3.19 UN-GHSUnited Nations Global Harmonization System4. Applicability4.1 This standard relates to and is referenced by other sUAS standards at the sUAS system lev
27、el as listed in Section 2. Thisstandard is mandatory at any point in the sUAS system in which batteries are used, except for payload downlinks that have no effecton flight safety.4.2 This standard is written for all sUAS that are permitted to operate over a defined area and in airspace defined by a
28、nationsGAA. Unless otherwise specified by a nations GAA, this standard applies only to UA that have a maximum takeoff gross weightof 55 lb/25 Kg.kg.F3005 14a24.3 Criticality of this standard is derived from safety risk analysis. The following failures are critical and are listedhierarchically, the f
29、irst being the most critical:4.3.1 Loss of independent power for flight termination by any means requiring battery power, resulting in inability to terminatethe flight safely;4.3.2 Failure of primary power for the FCS resulting in loss of control to permit safe flight or recovery;4.3.3 Failure of ig
30、nition power (if a battery is utilized instead of a magneto, alternator, generator or the like for internalcombustion) or primary power for electric propulsion, creating the inability to return the sUAS to base and creating a groundimpact hazard.5. Cells5.1 Responsibility of Cell SuppliersAs a minim
31、um, the cell supplier shall possess and provide the following:5.1.1 Process Control Plan for the specific cell being provided, including Quality Control Procedures and RecordingMethodsMethods.;5.1.2 A Quality Assurance Plan for the specific cell being provided, including compliance with UL 1642 requ
32、irements forcells;cells.5.1.3 MSDS,; also known as SDS per the UN-GHS for chemicals classification.5.1.4 Technical Data Sheet shall be a formal document, not preliminary or informal;informal. The manufacturers datasheetshall include specification of the upper CTT.5.1.5 Every cell shall be marked wit
33、h its Lot Number and Suppliers Name to aid failure analysis, facilitate traceability, andminimize the extent of a recall should such action become necessary.5.2 Responsibility of Pack Assembler:5.2.1 Lot TestingEach A sample from each lot of cells shall be subjected to capacity testing and physical
34、inspections. A 2 %sample, to a minimum of five cells per lot shall undergo one complete charge-discharge cycle to verify the integrity of the lot. Acharge-discharge cycle is defined as a full charge followed by a full discharge to the depth typical for the subject chemistry.Additionally, the physica
35、l inspections listed in The capacity test and physical inspections may, but are not required to be performedon the same cells. Sampling shall be in accordance withANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2008.Any alternate plan must be approved by the GAA.The sampling plan shall accept on zero defects.5.2.3 shall be performed
36、 on a 2 % sample to a minimum of five cells per lot. Thecapacity tests and physical inspections may, but are not required to be performed on the same cells.5.2.1.1 Capacity TestThe sample shall undergo one complete charge-discharge cycle to verify the integrity of the lot. Acharge-discharge cycle is
37、 defined as a full charge followed by a full discharge to the depth specified by the cell manufacturer oras typical for the subject chemistry.5.2.1.2 Physical InspectionPhysical inspections shall be performed on the sample. A subject cell is to be rejected for any ofthe following conditions:(1) Swel
38、ling;(2) Electrolyte leakage;(3) Out-gassing;(4) Odor, even in the absence of visible electrolyte leakage, an obvious odor shall be considered evidence of a deteriorated cell;(5) Deformed or damaged casing;(6) Punctures;(7) Tab conditionSeals are to be undamaged, and welds are to be unbroken and of
39、satisfactory quality. If a cell is suppliedwith a PCM connected, accessible solder connections to the tabs shall also be inspected. If a solder connection is unacceptable,it may be reworked by the pack assembler.5.2.2 Received-Voltage TestThe pack assembler shall measure this voltage on every cell i
40、n the lot. The measurement shall bemade before any load or charge has been applied to the cell. The measurement is taken directly at the cell tab, bypassing anyprotection circuitry that may be connected. In the event that a cells received voltage is outside limits that are normal or recoverablefor t
41、he particular chemistry, the cell shall be rejected. The received voltage shall not vary significantly from what is consideredthe typical chemistry-specific storagestorage/shipping voltage or the mean measurement for the bulk of the lot. The receivedvoltage for a lot will typically vary little from
42、cell to cell and certainly should remain within a 10 % window. (For example, a LiPowill normally be shipped in a half-charge state, holding at about 3.8 V). If the cell is within this range, the inspections giveninoutside the storage/shipping voltage, the 5.2.3 are not required, although procedures
43、should be put in placecell shall undergo thecapacity test and physical inspections of 5.2.1 to observe those conditions during the assembly process. ensure its integrity. Thereceived-voltage test may be performed as part of the assembly process rather than as an incoming test.test if the lot will be
44、 utilizedfor production before significant self-discharge occurs.5.2.3 Physical InspectionsIn the event that a cells received voltage is outside the limits that the particular chemistry isdesigned to produce, the cell shall be discarded. If, however the cell is within those limits but the received v
45、oltage is outside thecriteria of 5.2.2, the entire exterior of the cell shall be inspected to ensure its integrity. A subject cell is to be discarded for anyof the following conditions:5.2.3.1 Swelling;F3005 14a35.2.3.2 Electrolyte leakage;5.2.3.3 Out-gassing;5.2.3.4 Odor, even in the absence of vis
46、ible electrolyte leakage, an obvious odor shall be considered evidence of a deterioratedcell;5.2.3.5 Deformed or damaged casing;5.2.3.6 Punctures;5.2.3.7 Tab conditionSeals are to be undamaged, and welds are to be unbroken and of satisfactory quality. If a cell is suppliedwith a PCM connected, acces
47、sible solder connections to the tabs shall also be inspected. If a solder connection is unacceptable,it may be reworked by the pack assembler.5.2.3 Records and CertificationsThe pack assembler shall obtain and make available to the GAA and the procuring entitypertinent information regarding the pack
48、 assembly. These data shall be available so long as that pack model is marketed or soldand for a minimum of three years thereafter. These data shall either be shipped with the pack(s), provided upon request or beaccessible by other means such as the pack assemblers website:5.2.3.1 The technical data
49、 sheet from the cell supplier for cells used in the pack;5.2.3.2 The MSDS for (also known as SDS per the UN-GHS for chemicals classification) for the cell type used in the pack;5.2.3.3 The data items, by lot, listed under 5.1.3 5.1.5 (i.e., (that is, the pack assembler is to carry forward the data providedby the cell supplier);5.2.3.4 Pack assemblers specified shipping/storage voltageThese data are not intended to be a record of measured voltagefor each pack but to stipulate the voltage range that the procuring entity
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