ASTM F3021-2013 Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments《可供功能受损及障碍的人员兼容使用的健身器材的通用设计.pdf

1、Designation: F3021 13Standard Specification forUniversal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use byPersons with Functional Limitations and Impairments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3021; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufactur

3、ing practices for fitnessequipment intended for use by persons with functional limitations and impairments. Through thesespecifications, this standard aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility ofinjury when these products are used in accordance with the operational instr

4、uctions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that the standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition,

5、 users withphysical limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility prior to usingthis equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from using theequipment properly and without increasing the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.1 This

6、specification2established additional requirementsnot set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the designof commercial fitness equipment to increase access and userindependence by people with functional limitations or impair-ments.1.2 The intent of this specification is to assure that thefitnes

7、s product being designed for inclusive use by individualswith and without functional limitations or impairments remainsfunctional and safe when the equipment is operated accordingto the manufacturers operational instructions.1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify productsfor indoor us

8、e in a commercial environment by individuals age13 and above.1.4 Products designed to meet this specification must not beautomatically classified as fit for medical or rehabilitationfitness purposes. Products intended for medical use shouldcomply with any applicable international or national standar

9、ds.1.5 Where users are exercising from a wheelchair, it is theintent of this specification to specify products for use byindividuals using manual or powered wheelchairs (includingscooters).1.6 This standard does not purport to address the needs ofevery possible user and recognizes that access will n

10、ot bepossible for all individuals or all types of assistive technolo-gies.1.7 Designers shall use this specification in conjunctionwith other ASTM fitness equipment standards and its accom-panying test method.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parent

11、heses are for informationonly.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation

12、s prior to use.NOTE 1Additional specifications applicable to specific pieces ofequipment, such as treadmills, bicycles, ellipticals, and strength equip-ment are currently under development.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and F

13、acilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. DOI: 10.1520/F3021-13.2This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering ResearchCenter on RecTech through the National Institute on Disabil

14、ity and RehabilitationResearch under the US Department of Education grant #H133E070029 andH133120005.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment

15、and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and LabelsF2115 Specification for Motorized TreadmillsF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design ofFitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons withFunctional Limitations and Impairments2.2 ADAAG:4Americans wi

16、th Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines(ADAAG)2.3 ISO Standards:5ISO 845 Cellular plastics and rubbers - Determination ofapparent densityISO 2439 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determi-nation of hardness (indentation technique)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta

17、ndard:3.1.1 access, vgetting at or on fitness equipment or atfitness equipment controls or adjustments.3.1.2 assistive technologies, nadaptive or rehabilitativedevices, or both, for people with disabilities that promotegreater independence by enabling people to perform tasks thatthey were formerly u

18、nable to accomplish, or had great diffi-culty accomplishing.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAssistive technologies include, but arenot limited to, wheelchairs, walkers, canes, crutches,prosthetics, alternative communication devices, cell phones,etc.3.1.3 color contrast, nthe difference in luminance be-tween two o

19、r more surfaces seen simultaneously or succes-sively.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIn this standard, significant color con-trast is defined as 70 % or more, which is the current bestpractice.3.1.3.2 DiscussionIn this standard, contrast is measuredby measuring the luminance (L) of color, as opposed to colorhue o

20、r saturation.3.1.4 control panel/console, nequipment/user interfacedevice for controlling the operation of, or displaying informa-tion about the operational state of the equipment.3.1.5 core branding and logo artwork/graphics,nequipment supplier logo, artwork, or graphics, or combina-tions thereof,

21、that promote and market their brand.3.1.5.1 DiscussionCore branding is not to be used withinthe body of instructional text.3.1.6 gripping surface, nthe area of the hand grips or handgrip bars/rails intended to be grasped by the hands for balanceor stability during access, egress, or exercise, or com

22、binationsthereof.3.1.7 hand grips, fixed, nnon-movable piece designed tobe grasped by the hand(s) for support during access, egress, orexercise, or combinations thereof.3.1.8 hand grips, movablemovable piece designed to begrasped by the hand(s) for support and use during exercise.3.1.8.1 DiscussionT

23、his includes both applied and integralhand grips as defined in Specification F2276.3.1.9 iconography, ngraphic or pictorial symbols used onconsoles or other parts of the equipment to display information.3.1.10 impairment, nany deficit in psychological,physiological, or anatomical structure or functi

24、on that has anadverse effect on a persons ability to carry out day to dayactivities, including health and leisure activities.3.1.10.1 DiscussionAn impairment is not a disability if itdoes not interfere with task performance.3.1.11 inclusive, adjincluding people with and withoutdisabilities or impair

25、ments, or both.3.1.12 incremental weights, nadditional fractionalweights that can be applied in between the main weight plateselections.3.1.13 instructions for use, nuser facing instructions thatare affixed to the equipment relating to the use of a piece ofequipment, not including core branding or l

26、ogo artwork,manufacturers labels, model number labels, or standards orcertification marks, or owners/training manual(s).3.1.13.1 DiscussionFor example: Placard, decal panel, orother means.3.1.14 labels, ninformation directed at the user to supportthe use of a specific element of a piece of equipment

27、, notincluding core branding or logo artwork, manufacturers labels,model number labels or standards, or certification marks.3.1.15 luminance (L), nvalue or lightness on a scaleranging from black to white of light reflected off a surfacemeasured in candela per meter squared (cd/m2).3.1.16 main contro

28、ls, nquick start, start, stop, enter, clear,numeric digits 0 to 9, increase resistance/level, decreaseresistance/level, increase speed, decrease speed, increasegradient/incline, decrease gradient/incline, audio on/off, andany other functions, for example, emergency or safety stops,considered essenti

29、al for the use of the equipment.3.1.17 movable seat, na seat which can be moved awayfrom the primary exercise position where the entire seatstructure remains attached to the main structure of the equip-ment.3.1.18 postural supports, nintegral element to the equip-ment which assists in holding the us

30、er in position duringexercise.3.1.19 quick start, none push mechanism that starts theequipment in manual mode at the minimal speed or resistancethat is specified in the standard for the specific piece ofequipment.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu

31、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the USAccess Board, www.access-board.gov, or contact the USAccess Board Customer Service at taaccess-board.gov.5Available from Inter

32、national Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.F3021 1323.1.20 removable seat, na seat that can be moved awayfrom the primary exercise position where the entire seatstructure can be removed or separated from the rema

33、iningstructure of the equipment.3.1.21 sans serif, nwithout any short lines stemming fromor at an angle to the upper and lower ends of the strokes of aletter.3.1.21.1 DiscussionFor example: Times New Roman is aserif font where as Arial, Helvetica, and Calibri are sans seriffonts.3.1.22 skids, na mec

34、hanism for moving equipment bysliding across the floor without wheels.3.1.23 tactile, adjof, or relating to, or proceeding from,the sense of touch.3.1.24 transfer, vthe action of getting onto (access) or offof (egress) a piece of fitness equipment, particularly from awheelchair or other mobility aid

35、.3.1.25 transfer surface, narea of the static or movingsurface, or both, that is clear of any obstruction that wouldimpede normal foot placements or motion, or both, andtherefore is accessible for normal use.3.1.26 wheelchair, ndevice to provide wheeled mobilitywith seating support system for a pers

36、on with mobilityimpairment, including manual wheelchairs which are poweredby the user and electrically powered wheelchairs which arepowered by a motor.3.1.26.1 DiscussionA walking aid with wheels is not awheelchair.3.1.26.2 DiscussionA scooter is an electrically poweredwheelchair.4. Color Contrast4.

37、1 Color Contrast Criteria Background:4.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, significant colorcontrast is defined to be a value greater than or equal to 70 %.4.1.2 The following applies to these sections within thedocument:4.1.2.1 Integral surfaces and separate steps/frame (see5.1.1.7).4.1.2.2 Eleme

38、nt of the equipment where the user is requiredto step over/adjacent surface (see 5.1.1.12).4.1.2.3 Seats/primary adjacent surface (see 5.1.2.10).4.1.2.4 Adjustment mechanisms/adjacent surface (see5.1.3.8).4.1.2.5 Markings/adjacent surface (see 5.1.3.12).4.1.2.6 Intended gripping surfaces of all hand

39、 grips/adjacentsurface (see 5.1.4.4).4.1.2.7 Test, iconography, and a minimum of the border ofthe main instruction panel/adjacent surface (see 5.1.6.7).4.1.2.8 Text, iconography, and a minimum of the border ofthe main control buttons/adjacent surface (see 5.2.4.3).4.1.2.9 Numeric readouts relating t

40、o the main controls/adjacent surface (see 5.2.6.2).4.1.3 The US Access Boards Americans with DisabilitiesAct Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) for signage specifiesthat signage is “more legible for persons with low vision whencharacters contrast with their background by at least 70percent” (A1.4). Th

41、e calculation of contrast is determined by:Contrast 5 L1 2 L2!L1# 3100 (1)whereL1 = luminance (L) of the lighter areaL2 = luminance (L) of the darker area4.2 Color Definitions:4.2.1 There are three basic properties of color: Hue (thecolor), Saturation (or intensity), and Lightness (or value). SeeFig

42、. 1.4.2.1.1 Hue refers to what is commonly called color, forexample, red, green, blue-green, orange, etc.4.2.1.2 Saturation refers to the richness of a hue as com-pared to a gray of the same lightness or value; in some colornotation systems, saturation is also known as chroma.4.2.1.3 Lightness (or V

43、alue), of a light source or the light-ness of an opaque object is measured on a scale ranging fromdim to bright for a light source or from black to white for anopaque object (or from black to colorless for a transparentobject). In some systems, lightness is called value.4.2.2 Color contrast in this

44、standard is defined as the light todark (or value) contrast since this is the characteristic that canbe seen by most of the population, including people that arecompletely color blind.4.2.2.1 LuminanceThe measurement of reflected light iscalled luminance. Luminance is “the amount of visible lightlea

45、ving a point on a surface in a given direction.due toreflection,” or the perceived or apparent brightness of a surface(A1.4.2). The standard unit of luminance is candela per squaremeter (cd/m2), also called nits. Luminance is measured using areflective light meter, a technology that measures light w

46、ithinthe visible spectrum.4.2.2.2 IlluminanceThe measurement of incident light iscalled illuminance. Illuminance is the total luminous fluxincident on a surface, or the “quantity of light.falling on a unitarea of a surface” (A1.4.3). The standard unit of luminance islux (lx). Illuminance is measured

47、 using an incident lightmetera technology that measures light within the visiblespectrum.4.3 Spot Luminance Meter TechnologyThe ADAAGGuidelines do not specify the technology or methodology toFIG. 1 Hue, Saturation, ValueF3021 133measure the luminance values in Eq 1.At the time this standardwas writt

48、en, at least one simple, low-cost technology solutionhad been identified: a spot meter designed for the photographyand cinematography industries. An alternate technology, aspectrophotometer was investigated; however, its cost andcomplexity made it an unrealistic option. Spot meter technol-ogy measur

49、es color value, not hue, by measuring luminance,measures small areas, is economically priced, is portable, anduses light within the existing environment. The Sekonic L758C meter was used at the time this document was writtenbecause it functions not only as a spot luminance meter, butalso as an incident light meter that measures illuminance (inlux or footcandles) using a retractable lumisphere.6NOTE 2Further information on the specifications for spot luminancemeters can be found in the test method that accompanies this standard,