ASTM F3021-2015 Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments《可供功能受损及障碍的人员兼容使用的健身器材的通用设计.pdf

1、Designation: F3021 15Standard Specification forUniversal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use byPersons with Functional Limitations and Impairments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3021; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufactur

3、ing practices for fitnessequipment intended for use by persons with functional limitations and impairments. Through thesespecifications, this standard aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility ofinjury when these products are used in accordance with the operational instr

4、uctions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that the standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition,

5、 users withphysical limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility prior to usingthis equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from using theequipment properly and without increasing the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.1 This

6、specification2established additional requirementsnot set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the designof commercial fitness equipment to increase access and userindependence by people with functional limitations or impair-ments.1.2 The intent of this specification is to assure that thefitnes

7、s product being designed for inclusive use by individualswith and without functional limitations or impairments remainsfunctional and safe when the equipment is operated accordingto the manufacturers operational instructions.1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify productsfor indoor us

8、e in a commercial environment by individuals age13 and above.1.4 Products designed to meet this specification must not beautomatically classified as fit for medical or rehabilitationfitness purposes. Products intended for medical use shouldcomply with any applicable international or national standar

9、ds.1.5 Where users are exercising from a wheelchair, it is theintent of this specification to specify products for use byindividuals using manual or powered wheelchairs (includingscooters).1.6 This standard does not purport to address the needs ofevery possible user and recognizes that access will n

10、ot bepossible for all individuals or all types of assistive technolo-gies.1.7 Designers shall use this specification in conjunctionwith other ASTM fitness equipment standards and its accom-panying test method.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parent

11、heses are for informationonly.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation

12、s prior to use.NOTE 1Additional specifications applicable to specific pieces ofequipment, such as treadmills, bicycles, ellipticals, and strength equip-ment are currently under development.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and F

13、acilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F3021 14. DOI:10.1520/F3021-15.2This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation

14、Engineering ResearchCenter on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability and RehabilitationResearch under the US Department of Education grant #H133E070029 andH133E120005.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Re

15、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and LabelsF2115 Specification for Motorized TreadmillsF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design ofFitness Equipment for Inclusive

16、Use by Persons withFunctional Limitations and Impairments2.2 ADAAG:4Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines(ADAAG)2.3 ISO Standards:5ISO 845 Cellular plastics and rubbers - Determination ofapparent densityISO 2439 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determi-nation of hardness (i

17、ndentation technique)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 access, vgetting at or on fitness equipment or atfitness equipment controls or adjustments.3.1.2 assistive technologies, nadaptive or rehabilitativedevices, or both, for people with disabilities that promoteg

18、reater independence by enabling people to perform tasks thatthey were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great diffi-culty accomplishing.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAssistive technologies include, but arenot limited to, wheelchairs, walkers, canes, crutches,prosthetics, alternative communication devices, c

19、ell phones,etc.3.1.3 audible feedback or instruction, naudio voice/speech output.3.1.4 color contrast, nthe difference in luminance be-tween two or more surfaces seen simultaneously or succes-sively.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn this standard, significant color con-trast is defined as 70 % or more, which is

20、the current bestpractice.3.1.4.2 DiscussionIn this standard, contrast is measuredby measuring the luminance (L) of color, as opposed to colorhue or saturation.3.1.5 control panel/console, nequipment/user interfacedevice for controlling the operation of, or displaying informa-tion about the operation

21、al state of the equipment.3.1.6 core branding and logo artwork/graphics,nequipment supplier logo, artwork, or graphics, or combina-tions thereof, that promote and market their brand.3.1.6.1 DiscussionCore branding is not to be used withinthe body of instructional text.3.1.7 gripping surface, nthe ar

22、ea of the hand grips or handgrip bars/rails intended to be grasped by the hands for balanceor stability during access, egress, or exercise, or combinationsthereof.3.1.8 hand grips, fixed, nnon-movable piece designed tobe grasped by the hand(s) for support during access, egress, orexercise, or combin

23、ations thereof.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThis includes both applied and integralhand grips as defined in Specification F2276.3.1.9 hand grips, movablemovable piece designed to begrasped by the hand(s) for support and use during exercise.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis includes both applied and integralhand grips as

24、defined in Specification F2276.3.1.10 iconography, ngraphic or pictorial symbols usedon consoles or other parts of the equipment to displayinformation.3.1.11 impairment, nany deficit in psychological,physiological, or anatomical structure or function that has anadverse effect on a persons ability to

25、 carry out day to dayactivities, including health and leisure activities.3.1.11.1 DiscussionAn impairment is not a disability if itdoes not interfere with task performance.3.1.12 inclusive, adjincluding people with and withoutdisabilities or impairments, or both.3.1.13 incremental weights, naddition

26、al fractionalweights that can be applied in between the main weight plateselections.3.1.14 instructions for use, nuser facing instructions thatare affixed to the equipment relating to the use of a piece ofequipment, not including core branding or logo artwork,manufacturers labels, model number label

27、s, or standards orcertification marks, or owners/training manual(s).3.1.14.1 DiscussionFor example: Placard, decal panel, orother means.3.1.15 labels, ninformation directed at the user to supportthe use of a specific element of a piece of equipment, notincluding core branding or logo artwork, manufa

28、cturers labels,model number labels or standards, or certification marks.3.1.16 luminance (L), nvalue or lightness on a scaleranging from black to white of light reflected off a surfacemeasured in candela per meter squared (cd/m2).3.1.17 main controls, nquick start, start, stop, enter, clear,numeric

29、digits 0 to 9, increase resistance/level, decreaseresistance/level, increase speed, decrease speed, increasegradient/incline, decrease gradient/incline, audio on/off, andany other functions, for example, emergency or safety stops,considered essential for the use of the equipment.3.1.17.1 DiscussionS

30、ee Appendix X1 for suggested uni-versal design symbols for main control functions.3.1.18 movable seat, na seat which can be moved awayfrom the primary exercise position where the entire seatstructure remains attached to the main structure of the equip-ment.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A

31、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the USAccess Board, www.access-board.gov, or contact the USAccess Board Customer Service

32、 at taaccess-board.gov.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.F3021 1523.1.19 postural supports, nintegral element to the equip-ment which assists in holding the user in position duringex

33、ercise.3.1.20 quick start, none push mechanism that starts theequipment in manual mode at the minimal speed or resistancethat is specified in the standard for the specific piece ofequipment.3.1.21 removable seat, na seat that can be moved awayfrom the primary exercise position where the entire seats

34、tructure can be removed or separated from the remainingstructure of the equipment.3.1.22 sans serif, nwithout any short lines stemming fromor at an angle to the upper and lower ends of the strokes of aletter.3.1.22.1 DiscussionFor example: Times New Roman is aserif font where as Arial, Helvetica, an

35、d Calibri are sans seriffonts.3.1.23 seated cardio equipment, nrecumbent cardio fit-ness equipment performed from the seated position, such asrecumbent ellipticals, recumbent steppers, recumbent cycles,and total (upper and lower extremities) body and upper bodyergometers.3.1.23.1 DiscussionAn uprigh

36、t cycle is not seated recum-bent cardio equipment.3.1.24 skids, na mechanism for moving equipment bysliding across the floor without wheels.3.1.25 swivel seat, na seat that rotates horizontally abouta vertical axis as if on a pivot.3.1.26 tactile, adjof, or relating to, or proceeding from,the sense

37、of touch.3.1.27 transfer, vthe action of getting onto (access) or offof (egress) a piece of fitness equipment, particularly from awheelchair or other mobility aid.3.1.28 transfer surface, narea of the static or movingsurface, or both, that is clear of any obstruction that wouldimpede normal foot pla

38、cements or motion, or both, andtherefore is accessible for normal use.3.1.29 wheelchair, ndevice to provide wheeled mobilitywith seating support system for a person with mobilityimpairment, including manual wheelchairs which are poweredby the user and electrically powered wheelchairs which arepowere

39、d by a motor.3.1.29.1 DiscussionA walking aid with wheels is not awheelchair.3.1.29.2 DiscussionA scooter is an electrically poweredwheelchair.4. Color Contrast4.1 Color Contrast Criteria Background:4.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, significant colorcontrast is defined to be a value greater th

40、an or equal to 70 %.4.1.2 The following applies to these sections within thedocument:4.1.2.1 Integral surfaces and separate steps/frame (see5.1.1.7).4.1.2.2 Element of the equipment where the user is requiredto step over/adjacent surface (see 5.1.1.21).4.1.2.3 Seats/primary adjacent surface (see 5.1

41、.2.11).4.1.2.4 Adjustment mechanisms/adjacent surface (see5.1.3.8).4.1.2.5 Markings/adjacent surface (see 5.1.3.12).4.1.2.6 Intended gripping surfaces of all hand grips/adjacentsurface (see 5.1.4.4).4.1.2.7 Test, iconography, and a minimum of the border ofthe main instruction panel/adjacent surface

42、(see 5.1.6.7).4.1.2.8 Inclusive fitness symbol/adjacent surface (see5.1.6.8).4.1.2.9 Text, iconography, and a minimum of the border ofthe main control buttons/adjacent surface (see 5.2.4.3).4.1.2.10 Numeric readouts relating to the main controls/adjacent surface (see 5.2.6.2).4.1.2.11 Audio headphon

43、e jack (socket) symbol/adjacentsurface (see 5.2.7.8).4.1.2.12 Information button symbol/adjacent surface (see5.2.7.14).4.1.3 The US Access Boards Americans with DisabilitiesAct Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) for signage specifiesthat signage is “more legible for persons with low vision whencharact

44、ers contrast with their background by at least 70 per-cent” (A1.4.1). The calculation of contrast is determined by:Contrast 5 L1 2 L2!L1# 3100 (1)whereL1 = luminance (L) of the lighter areaL2 = luminance (L) of the darker area4.2 Color Definitions:4.2.1 There are three basic properties of color: Hue

45、 (thecolor), Saturation (or intensity), and Lightness (or value). SeeFig. 1.4.2.1.1 Hue refers to what is commonly called color, forexample, red, green, blue-green, orange, etc.4.2.1.2 Saturation refers to the richness of a hue as com-pared to a gray of the same lightness or value; in some colornota

46、tion systems, saturation is also known as chroma.4.2.1.3 Lightness (or Value), of a light source or the light-ness of an opaque object is measured on a scale ranging fromdim to bright for a light source or from black to white for anFIG. 1 Hue, Saturation, ValueF3021 153opaque object (or from black t

47、o colorless for a transparentobject). In some systems, lightness is called value.4.2.2 Color contrast in this standard is defined as the light todark (or value) contrast since this is the characteristic that canbe seen by most of the population, including people that arecompletely color blind.4.2.2.

48、1 LuminanceThe measurement of reflected light iscalled luminance. Luminance is “the amount of visible lightleaving a point on a surface in a given direction.due toreflection,” or the perceived or apparent brightness of a surface(A1.4.2). The standard unit of luminance is candela per squaremeter (cd/

49、m2), also called nits. Luminance is measured using areflective light meter, a technology that measures light withinthe visible spectrum.4.2.2.2 IlluminanceThe measurement of incident light iscalled illuminance. Illuminance is the total luminous fluxincident on a surface, or the “quantity of light.falling on a unitarea of a surface” (A1.4.3). The standard unit of luminance islux (lx). Illuminance is measured using an incident lightmetera technology that measures light within the visiblespectrum.4.3 Spot Luminance Meter Tech