ASTM F3035-2013 Standard Practice for Production Acceptance in the Manufacture of a Fixed Wing Light Sport Aircraft《固定翼轻型运动航空器制造的生产验收用标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: F3035 13Standard Practice forProduction Acceptance in the Manufacture of a Fixed WingLight Sport Aircraft1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The following requirements apply for the manufactureof fixed wing aircraft, including gliders. This practice in

3、cludesthe production acceptance test requirements.1.2 This practice applies to aircraft seeking civil aviationauthority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flightpermits, or other like documentation.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated

4、 with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport A

5、irplaneF2564 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport GliderF2972 Specification for Light Sport Aircraft ManufacturersQuality Assurance System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 design and performance specification, nused hereinto refer to Specifications F2245 and F2564.3.1.2 LSA air

6、plane (light sport aircraft airplane),npowered aircraft designed in accordance with SpecificationF2245 that is manufactured and delivered ready to fly.3.1.3 LSA glider (light sport aircraft glider), naircraftdesigned in accordance with Specification F2564 that ismanufactured and delivered ready to f

7、ly.3.1.4 LSA kit (light sport aircraft kit), naircraft designedin accordance with Specifications F2245 or F2564 that ismanufactured and delivered as a kit.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 POHPilots Operating Handbook3.2.2 LSAlight sport aircraft4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide

8、 the minimumrequirements necessary for the establishment of a productionacceptance program for a manufacturer of light sport aircraft.4.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide theminimum requirements for the establishment of a ground andflight test program for verifying the initial product

9、ion aircraftmeets certain operational performance requirements that havebeen set forth by the manufacturer in its Pilots OperatingHandbook (POH).4.3 In addition, this specification provides minimum re-quirements to verify that each subsequent production airplanehas no obvious defects that would prev

10、ent the safe operation ofthe airplane.4.4 All requirements given in this specification are to beperformed in accordance with the manufacturers SpecificationF2972-compliant quality assurance system requirements.4.5 The following criteria should not be construed asrequirements for specific features to

11、 be included on a LSA.When a requirement specifies a feature that does not exist on aLSA, the requirement does not apply.5. Final Inspections5.1 Manufacturer shall verify that all applicable productionprocesses and documentation given in Section 6 of Specifica-tion F2972 exist or have been completed

12、 for the aircraft priorto conducting the following Production Acceptance proce-dures.5.2 LSA KitManufacturer shall verify and document theproper completion of the production process prior to the furtherdistribution of any LSA kit or subsystem kit. Manufacturershall provide the builder of a LSA kit w

13、ith appropriateProduction Acceptance Ground Check and Flight TestProcedures, as described below.6. Ground Testing6.1 LSA Airplane and LSA GliderManufacturer shallverify the proper completion of the production process prior to1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light Spo

14、rtAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2013. Published October 2013. DOI:10.1520/F3035-13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the further distribut

15、ion of any LSA. The following groundcheck procedures shall be conducted and documented for eachLSA.6.2 Ground CheckPrior to flight testing, the manufacturershall conduct a thorough ground inspection of each LSAproduced to verify at least the following:6.2.1 Weight and BalanceEmpty weight and proper

16、centerof gravity location have been calculated and verified to bewithin limits, and that a weight and balance report has beencompleted for the airplane in accordance with a documentedand approved procedure.6.2.2 Systems CheckThe proper function of all switchesand circuits, instrumentation, brakes, a

17、nd any other appropriatesystems shall be verified.6.2.3 Flight Controls CheckAll flight controls shall bechecked for smooth and proper function and proper maximumdeflections as specified by the manufacturer. Control systemconnections and safeties shall be checked and verified intact.6.2.4 Seats and

18、Safety BeltsSeats and occupant restraintsystems shall be checked for conformity and visual defects.6.2.5 Powerplant CheckEngine or Electric PropulsionUnit (EPU) checks and procedures shall be performed toverify:6.2.5.1 Proper installation,6.2.5.2 Proper servicing of all engine fluids,6.2.5.3 No appa

19、rent fuel, oil, or coolant leaks, asappropriate,6.2.5.4 Propeller installation and pitch adjustment, asapplicable,6.2.5.5 Performance of an engine “run-in” withadjustments, as required,6.2.5.6 Tachometer indicates engine idle RPM and maxi-mum static RPM is within manufacturers published limits,6.2.5

20、.7 Proper function of engine or EPU instrumentation,6.2.5.8 Proper function of ignition system(s),6.2.5.9 Proper function of induction heating system, and6.2.5.10 For powered LSA gliders, proper retraction andextension of the engine.6.2.6 Placards CheckThe aircraft shall be checked toverify:6.2.6.1

21、That all required ASTM and CAA compliantplacards, switch, and instrument markings are in place, and6.2.6.2 That all placards also match the POH.6.2.7 Preflight InspectionThe following shall be verified:6.2.7.1 All required documentation is on board,6.2.7.2 All visible surfaces are free of deformatio

22、n,distortion, or other evidence of failure or damage,6.2.7.3 Inspection of all visible fittings and connections fordefective or insecure attachment, and6.2.7.4 Complete walk-around inspection in accordancewith the POH.6.3 Taxi TestAfter completion of the Ground Check, aTaxi Test shall be conducted t

23、o verify:6.3.1 Brake function,6.3.2 Landing gear tracking and steering.6.3.3 If a compass is installed, it must be calibrated withconsideration of magnetic interference of aircraft systems.7. Flight Testing7.1 LSA Airplane and LSA GliderManufacturer shallverify the proper completion of the productio

24、n process prior tothe further distribution of any LSA. The following flight testprocedures shall be conducted and documented for each LSA.7.2 Flight Test for LSA AirplanesAfter completion of theTaxi Test, a flight test shall be conducted.7.2.1 Safe flight operation of each completed LSA airplaneshal

25、l be verified to include acceptable handling and controlcharacteristics, stall characteristics, engine operation, airspeedindications, and overall suitability for normal flight in accor-dance with the POH. The flight test procedure, at a minimum,shall include recorded verification of the following:7

26、.2.1.1 Takeoff runway wind, outside air temperature, andpressure altitude,7.2.1.2 Verification that takeoff distance meets manufactur-ers POH,7.2.1.3 Verification that the climb rate meets or exceeds themanufacturers published specification,7.2.1.4 Appropriate response to flight controls in allconfi

27、gurations,7.2.1.5 Wings-level idle-power stall speed in allconfigurations, including verification of appropriate stall warn-ing and stall recovery characteristics,7.2.1.6 Verification of no unusual performance or handlingcharacteristics, and7.2.1.7 Proper engine operation.7.3 Flight Test for LSA Gli

28、dersAfter completion of thetaxi test, a flight test shall be conducted. Safe flight operationof each completed LSA glider shall be verified to includeacceptable handling and control characteristics, stallcharacteristics, airspeed indications, and overall suitability fornormal flight in accordance wi

29、th the POH.7.3.1 The flight test procedure, at a minimum, shall includerecorded verification of the following:7.3.1.1 Wings-level stall speed in all configurations, includ-ing verification of appropriate stall warning and stall recoverycharacteristics,7.3.1.2 Appropriate response to flight controls

30、in allconfigurations, including, if allowed, winch launching andaerotowing, and7.3.1.3 Verification of no unusual performance or handlingcharacteristics.7.3.2 In addition, for powered LSA gliders, the flight testprocedure shall also include the recorded verification of thefollowing:7.3.2.1 Takeoff r

31、unway wind, outside air temperature, andpressure altitude,7.3.2.2 Verification that takeoff distance meets manufactur-ers published specification,7.3.2.3 Verification that the climb rate meets or exceeds themanufacturers published specification,7.3.2.4 Wings-level idle-power stall speed in allconfig

32、urations, including verification of appropriate stall warn-ing and stall recovery characteristics,7.3.2.5 Proper retraction and extension of engine, whenequipped,F3035 1327.3.2.6 Appropriate characteristic evaluation of auto-feathering propeller systems, when equipped, and7.3.2.7 Proper engine opera

33、tion and operating temperatures.7.4 Design Confirmation Flight TestFor each completedLSA, or by random sampling at a frequency determinedappropriate by the manufacturer, and for the first productionunit off the production line, an in-depth test flight shall beconducted to verify production uniformit

34、y to the flight criteriaof the design and performance specification.8. Instrument Calibration8.1 Any aircraft instrument requiring periodic calibrationsshall have a current calibration.9. Resolving Discrepancies9.1 Manufacturer shall develop and implement a system tocorrect any anomalies found durin

35、g ground checks or flighttesting.9.2 Non-ComplianceAny aircraft which fails any produc-tion acceptance test required by this standard shall be physi-cally tagged as non-compliant. Anomalies shall be reworkedper manufactures instructions, and each reworked anomalymust be re-evaluated.9.2.1 Non-Compli

36、ance TagWhile the non-compliance isbeing resolved, a non-compliance notice must be attached tothe aircraft in such a manner that it is in clear view of apotential operator of the LSA.10. Documentation10.1 A written checklist may be used as an acceptablemethod of documenting Production Acceptance ins

37、pections,checks, and tests.10.2 The following shall be recorded:10.2.1 A record of the identity and title of the person(s)executing the inspections, tests, and checks.10.2.2 The location of the production flight test and type ofauthorization issued to conduct the flight testing.11. Keywords11.1 LSA;

38、 manufacture; production acceptanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

39、of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this

40、 standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake y

41、our views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F3035 133