1、Designation: F3077 14Standard Specification forEye Protectors for Womens Lacrosse1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors designed for useby players of womens lacrosse that minimize or significantlyreduce injury to the eye and ad
3、nexa due to impact andpenetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protec-tion only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of thehead.1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eyecontact is determined by observation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4、thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Metric units of measurement in this specification are inaccordance with the International System of Units (SI). If avalue for measurement as given in this specification is followedby an equivalent value in other units, the first s
5、tated is to beregarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may beapproximate.1.4 This standard applies to plano eyewear only.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-tion: This standard does not purport to addr
6、ess all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method
7、for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plastics2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglassesand Fashion EyewearANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eyeand Face Protectors2.3 Federal Standard:4National Institute of Standards and Technology Speci
8、alTechnical Publication 374 Method for Determining theResolving Power of Photographic Lenses2.4 Canadian Standard:5CSA Z262.6 Specifications for Facially Featured HeadForms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which isshare
9、d by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneousactivity of the two eyes.3.1.2 central viewing zone, nthat part of the eye of aprotector which has its center in line with the wearers normalline of sight.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape, and 40mm in diameter. The center of the cent
10、ral viewing zone shall bethe point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)3.1.3 cleanable, nability of a protective device to be madereadily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use
11、of soap and water.3.1.4 coverage, ncharacteristic of a protective device thatobstructs straight line paths that are coincident with thewearers eyes.3.1.5 definition (optical), ncharacteristic of a lens thatallows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the l
12、ens.3.1.6 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or theeye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eyeprotective device through which a wearers eye would nor-mally look.3.1.7 eye of the headform, nall structures contained withinthe orbital rim of the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)1
13、This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published August 2014. DOI: 10.1520/F3077-14.2For referenced
14、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
15、4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada,
16、http:/www.csa.ca.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.8 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormally incident beam which is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface d
17、efects.3.1.8.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.9 headform optical parameters, nkey dimensions forthe head forms.3.1.10 impact resistance, nthe ability of a device to affordprotection from impact as required by this specification.3.1.11 lens, nwhen so equipped, the tra
18、nsparent part orparts of a protective device through which the wearer normallysees.3.1.12 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectraltransmittance of the lens weighted by the correspondingordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution ofthe CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer
19、 and by thespectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,Paragraph 3.9.1.)3.1.13 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizontallines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriateheadform.3.1.14 penetration resistance, nthe ability of a device toafford protection from mov
20、ing objects as required by thisspecification.3.1.15 plano lens, na lens that does not incorporate acorrective prescription. This lens is not necessarily flat.3.1.16 power imbalance, nrelates to the condition inwhich the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protectoris different as presented t
21、o the two eyes.3.1.17 prism, na device that bends a beam of light as aresult of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lensthrough which the beam of light traverses.3.1.17.1 DiscussionThe amount of bending is a functionof the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the materialand th
22、e angle of approach of the line of sight to the opticalsurface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount ofbending that is imposed upon the line of sight of a wearer of aneye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism isexpressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1
23、cm/m is one prism diopter.3.1.17.1 base-in, nrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, toconverge.3.1.17.2 base-out, nrelating to the type of prism imbal-ance that tends to cause paralle
24、l rays of light passing througha protector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, todiverge.3.1.17.3 base-up, nrefers to the type of prism that causesa horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects toappear lower than their true position.3.1.17.4 base-down, nrefers to the type of p
25、rism thatcauses a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objectsto appear higher than their true position.3.1.18 prism imbalance, n3.1.18.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismaticdeviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of aprotective device in the horizontal meridian
26、. (See base-in andbase-out.)3.1.18.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic de-viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyesof a protective device in the vertical meridian.3.1.19 protective device (or protector), ndevice that pro-vides protection to the wearers eye against spec
27、ific hazardsencountered in sports.3.1.20 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.20.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has twodifferent r
28、efractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.21 scotoma, nblind or partially blind area within thevisual field.3.1.22 spherical power, nthe average of the maximummeridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridionalastigmatic power of a lens.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors are classified
29、 into the following types:4.1.1 Type IA protector with the lens or lenses and framefront piece molded as one unit. Frame temples or other devices,such as straps, to affix the lens/front piece may be separatepieces.4.1.2 Type IIAprotector with a single lens or lenses, eitherplano or prescription, mou
30、nted in a frame that was manufac-tured as a separate unit.4.1.3 Type IIIA protector without a lens.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers choice of material shall be inaccordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall
31、 not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face,except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant lossof strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result ofperspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and hair.5.1.
32、3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, byaffidavit, support 5.1.1 5.1.3.5.1.4 CleanabilityProtective devices shall be capable ofbeing cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor-dance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remainfunctional in all ways.5.2 Finishes and C
33、onstructionThe protector shall be con-structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components ofthe protector from contact with the eye of the headform whentested in accordance with Section 10.5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided theprotector passes the standard without straps.F
34、3077 1426. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical RequirementsType I and II Protectors:6.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 8.6, the spherical power shall be in the range of +0.06diopters to 0.18 diopters.6.1.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 8.5, theastigmatism shall not
35、exceed 0.12 diopter.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall notexceed 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-aheadseeing.6.1.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eyeof a shield or pair of lenses, the prism dev
36、iation shall notexceed 0.50 prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In0.25 prism diopters.6.1.5.2 Base-Out0.50 prism diopters.6.1.6 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not
37、less than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % fortinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as wouldbe viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as wornshall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured atthe design line of sight) unless specifically prescribe
38、d by anophthalmic professional.6.1.7 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUVB (290315 nm), clearprotectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum.UVA(315380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglasstypes, 0.5 luminous transmittance.6.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.4, the hazein the protector sh
39、all not exceed 3 %.6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of theimage during the test for refractive power or prism shall befurther tested in accordance with 8.1.6.1.10 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone,striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchan
40、ges that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and thatwould impair the function of the lens shall be cause forrejection. Visual impairment is defined by the scanning andfocimeter test of 8.1.6.1.11 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches,bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks
41、 that arevisible under the test conditions of 8.6 and that would impairthe function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Graynessshould be evaluated by the requirements of 6.1.6.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall bepermitted when tested in accordan
42、ce with Section 10.6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 10, displacedfragments or complete fracture of any components of the eyeprotector excluding padding constitutes a failure.6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 10, anydisplacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts thee
43、ye, constitutes a failure.6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headformwhen tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not constitutea failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirementsare met.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered forsale shall
44、 be tested.7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at twotemperatures, 35 6 2C and 6 6 2C for a minimum of 4 h.TEST METHODS8. Optical Tests8.1 Optical QualityLocalized power errors or aberrationsthat are detected by the visual inspection procedure of 8.1.1 arepermissible if no measurable or g
45、ross focimeter or telescopetarget distortion or blur is found when the localized area isexamined with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.8.1.1 Inspection ProcedureOne method of optical inspec-tion is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and whitelines through the lens, scanning it area by a
46、rea and moving itabout. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. andconstructed of high contrast black lines on a white background(the white separations being equal to the black lines, both beingapproximately14 in. wide). The target should be at least 6 to 8ft from the observer, and the lens
47、 should be held at least 18 to24 in. from the eye.Any ripples in the lens detected by this testmethod should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.8.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical defects andlocal aberrations is to scan the central viewing zone, especiallyareas of suspicion arisi
48、ng from the visual test of 8.1.1. The lensor shield should be scanned with a precision focimeter or an 8to 10 telescope using the targets and arrangements describedin 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this examina-tion. Areas outside the central viewing zone or within 6 mm ofthe edge need
49、not be tested. When the central viewing area isscanned, there shall be no sudden jump, doubling, or blurringof the image greater than 0.08 diopters change in power.Gradual variations in the central viewing zone shall be withinthe power imbalance tolerances. An optical focimeter withelectronic readout repeatable to 0.02 diopters is a satisfactoryalternate method. These scanning procedures may be made byscanning across the lens surface not necessarily in the “asworn” mode.8.2 Luminous TransmittanceUse a suitabl
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