ASTM F3098-2016 Standard Guide for Training of Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member《非荒野地搜寻队队员训练的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F3098 16Standard Guide forTraining of Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training require-ments for non-wilderness land search personnel as it relates totheir general, field, and

3、 search specific knowledge and skills.1.2 A Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member searcheson the surface of the land in non-wilderness areas only,including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or havelost supporting infrastructure, in accordance with the limitsidentified in the Scope of thi

4、s Guide.1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum trainingrequirements for searching in wilderness areas, partially orfully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, orunderground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels).1.4 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified toperfo

5、rm rescue.1.4.1 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in GuideF2751.1.5 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified tooperate in leadership positions.1.6 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personneltrained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.1.6.1 Individuals

6、 trained to this guide are qualified tooperate on teams or crews classified as Category LandSearch of Kind Non-Wilderness.1.6.2 Further training may be required before Non-Wilderness Land Search personnel may participate on particu-lar Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on localneeds, regul

7、ations, or policies of the authority having jurisdic-tion.1.7 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members are notqualified to work around, or ride in, helicopters withouthelicopter safety training.1.8 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shallknow the safety precautions and procedures to be employedw

8、hen working around still and swift water in the normal areaof operations.1.8.1 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members are notqualified to participate in swift water operations.1.9 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members are notqualified to perform field navigation and, therefore, shall not bedeploy

9、ed where that skill is required unless supervised in thefield by qualified personnel trained in accordance with theprovisions of Guides F2209, F2685, F2751,orF3193.1.10 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members may bedeployed on local incidents as determined by the AHJ.1.11 This standard does not purp

10、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F16

11、33 Guide for Techniques in Land SearchF1767 Guide for Forms Used for Search and RescueF1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,Search and Rescue Equipment and PracticesF1993 Classification System of Human Search and RescueResourcesF2047 Practice for Workers Compensation Coverage ofEmer

12、gency Services VolunteersF2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team MemberF2685 Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader(STL)F2751 Guide for Training of a Land Search and RescueTeam MemberF2890 Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and RescuePersonnelF3071 Guide for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNS

13、S Use (GPS/GNSS-IW) EndorsementF3193 Guide for Training of a Land Search and RescueTeam Leader1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel,Training and Education.Current edition approved July 1, 2

14、016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/F3098-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright AST

15、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Other Document:3NWCG PMS 307 Work Capacity Testing for WildlandFirefighters3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), n(1) the tea

16、m,organization, agency, or other entity which is using this guide;(2) the team, organization, agency, or other entity to which aperson being trained, tested, or evaluated belongs, if theinstructor, evaluator, or tester is not a member of the sameorganization.3.1.2 field, nthe location, away from the

17、 base or commandpost, in which a land search team member is searching orperforming other tasks.3.1.3 field operations, nsearches and other tasks beingperformed away from the base or command post.3.1.4 initial planning point (IPP), nthe point that isinitially used to plan the search incident. The IPP

18、 may be theoriginal point last seen or the last known position. The IPP mayalso be a point entirely separate based on the best availableinvestigative information. IPP does not move after planningbegins.3.1.5 land search team, na group of individuals searchingon the surface of the earth.3.1.6 land se

19、arch team member, na person who, at aminimum, meets the requirements of this guide.3.1.7 non-wilderness, nan area located within, or imme-diately next to, urban boundaries, no further than 0.5 miles (0.8kilometers) from a road readily accessible by emergencypersonnel, and which may include parks, wi

20、ld areas, private,state, and municipal lands.3.1.8 normal area of operation, n(1) the area(s) where anAHJ performs its search operations on a regular basis; (2) thearea(s) where the AHJ is frequently called to assist with searchoperations managed by others.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in

21、this guide seeGuide F1633, Terminology F1773, Classification F1993, Prac-tice F2047, and other references listed in this guide.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills,and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member.

22、 No other skills areincluded or implied.4.2 Every person who is identified as a Non-WildernessLand Search Team Member shall have met the requirements ofthis guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencieshaving jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum trainingrequired for a Non-

23、Wilderness Land Search Team Member.4.3.1 TheAHJ shall determine the depth or detail of trainingrequired to meet these needs.4.3.2 Though this guide establishes the minimum standardof training, it does not imply that a Non-Wilderness LandSearch Team Member is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or othersimi

24、lar term member of a team, organization, or agency.4.3.3 Determining the requirements and qualifications fornon-wilderness land search team members is the responsibilityof the AHJ.4.3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from addingadditional requirements for its own members.4.4 This guide can b

25、e used to evaluate a document ortraining program to determine if its content includes the topicsnecessary for training individuals to operate as a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member.4.5 This guide does not stand alone and must be used withthe referenced documents to provide the specific informat

26、ionneeded by a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member orAHJ.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is anoutline of the topics required for training or evaluating aNon-Wilderness Land Search Team Member.4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or otherdocument to determine if it

27、s content includes the informationrequired for training a Non-Wilderness Land Search TeamMember. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate anexisting training program to see if it meets the requirements ofthis guide.4.8 The knowledge, skills and abilities defined in this guideare not presented in

28、any particular order and do not representa training sequence.4.9 A Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member shalldocument his or her training by completion of a position taskbook, or equivalent, or by field demonstration under qualifiedsupervision.4.10 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficienc

29、y in askill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then asoften as required by the AHJ.4.11 Except where a physical skill or ability must bedemonstrated, theAHJ shall determine the best way to evaluatea persons knowledge. This may be by written exam, oralexam, demonstration, or by some

30、combination of the three.5. Personal Fitness5.1 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shalldemonstrate annually that they meet the requirements of amedical fitness standard determined by the AHJ.5.2 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shalldemonstrate annually that they meet the requirements o

31、f aphysical performance standard determined by the AHJ.5.2.1 The recommended minimum physical performancerequirement for Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Membersis the “Light“ level as defined in NWCG PMS 307,“WorkCapacity Testing for Wildland Firefighters” (see AppendixX1).3http:/www.nwcg.gov/pms/pu

32、bs/newshelt/workcaptest_lo.pdfF3098 1626. General Knowledge and Skills6.1 A Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member shallcomplete the National Incident Management System (NIMS)course IS-100, “Introduction to Incident Command System”.6.2 A Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member shallmaintain certifica

33、tion in adult, child, infant, and two rescuerCPR.6.3 A Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member shallmaintain certification in basic first aid or a more advanced levelof emergency care.6.4 A Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member shallknow the regulations, policies, procedures, and guidelines ofthe AH

34、J with regard to:6.4.1 Callout or dispatch to an incident;6.4.2 Incident check in;6.4.3 Mission briefing;6.4.4 Mission debriefing;6.4.5 Demobilization and departing from an incident;6.4.6 Communications with the media;6.4.7 Working with other agencies or organizations;6.4.8 Insurance coverage;6.4.9

35、Safe driving procedures.6.5 Non-Wilderness Land search team members shall dem-onstrate an understanding of the legal aspects of SAR withrespect to the AHJ for the following:6.5.1 Entering private property;6.5.2 Emergency response;6.5.3 Finding deceased individuals;6.5.4 Crime scenes;6.5.5 Subject, v

36、ictim, witness, or patient confidentialityrequirements, including, but not limited to, the Health Insur-ance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA);6.5.6 Negligence and abandonment;6.5.7 Confidentiality of mission information.6.6 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shall betrained to operate

37、 within the Incident Command System (ICS).7. Personal Health, Safety, and Survival7.1 Land Search Team Members shall know how to protectthemselves from the effects of the environment in the field,including the following:7.1.1 The five ways in which the body loses heat, thepositive and negative effec

38、ts of this heat loss, and the ways toassist or prevent them.7.1.2 The reasons for wearing layered clothing, the functionof each layer, and the advantages and disadvantages of mate-rials used in each layer.7.1.3 The factors to be considered when choosing socks andfootwear.7.2 Non-Wilderness Land Sear

39、ch Team Members shallknow the types and quantity of food to be carried in the fieldduring a non-wilderness search mission.7.3 Non-wilderness Land Search Team Members shall knowthe personal hygiene and sanitation requirements and tech-niques used in the field during a non-wilderness mission.7.4 Non-W

40、ilderness Land Search Team Members shalldemonstrate the ability to use, in the field, at least one type ofnon-electronic emergency signaling device.7.5 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shall meetthe requirements of Guide F2890 in regard to hazardousmaterials awareness training.7.6 Land Search

41、 Team Members shall know the signs,symptoms, and preventive measures for the following:7.6.1 Cold related problems;7.6.2 Heat related problems;7.6.3 Dehydration;7.6.4 Fatigue and exhaustion;7.6.5 Blisters;7.6.6 Sunburn.7.7 Land Search Team Members shall know the hazards inthe normal area of operatio

42、ns, including, but not limited to, thefollowing:7.7.1 Plants;7.7.2 Wild and domestic animals;7.7.3 Terrain;7.7.4 Additional risks entailed when operating at night;7.7.5 Weather patterns and conditions;7.7.6 Lightning;7.7.7 Other (for example, snow blindness, altitude relatedproblems, etc.).7.8 Non-W

43、ilderness Land Search Team Members shallknow the dangers of airborne and blood-borne pathogens andhow to mitigate the risks, including:7.8.1 Types of pathogens;7.8.2 Methods of transmission;7.8.3 Body substance isolation methods;7.8.4 Personal protective equipment (PPE) for airborne andblood-borne p

44、athogens and its use.8. Land Navigation8.1 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shallknow the difference between topographic maps and road maps,and the advantages and disadvantages of each.8.2 On a both topographic and road maps, Non-WildernessLand Search Team Members shall demonstrate the abilit

45、y to:8.2.1 Identify and explain the meaning of common symbols;8.2.2 Describe legend information and its use;8.2.3 Identify, and know the significance of, contour linesand spacing (when shown);8.2.4 Orient a map using local landmarks or features;8.2.5 Determine the distance between two points on a ma

46、p;8.3 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shalldemonstrate the ability to determine, and communicate toanother person, the coordinates of a point on a map.8.4 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shall havea basic GPS use endorsement as defined in Guide F3071.9. Personal Protective Equipment9

47、.1 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shallhave, and know how to use, the Personal Protective EquipmentF3098 163(PPE) necessary to safely participate in field search operations,as determined by the AHJ, including:9.1.1 Appropriate clothing, outerwear, footwear, and per-sonal field equipment;9.1

48、.2 Adurable, hands-free method of carrying personal andteam equipment into the field.9.2 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shallknow the reasons for carrying, and explain or demonstrate theuse of, all field equipment required by the AHJ.9.3 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shalldemonstr

49、ate an understanding of mission-specific packing forthe normal area of operations.10. Communications10.1 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shalldemonstrate the ability to verbally communicate informationclearly, effectively, and accurately.10.2 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shallknow the radio communications procedures and protocols usedin search missions in the field, as determined by the AHJ.10.3 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shalldemonstrate the ability to operate the radio equipment used forsearch missions in the field, as determined by the