ASTM F3105-2014 Standard Specification for Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment《外部负荷力量训练器械 力量训练长凳和外部重量存储器械的.pdf

1、Designation: F3105 14Standard Specification forExternally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, StrengthTraining Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufactur

3、ing practices for externallyloaded strength training equipment, strength training benches and external weight storage equipment.Through these specifications, this specification aims to assist designers and manufactures in reducingthe possibility of injury when these products are used in accordance w

4、ith the operational instructions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving externally loaded strength trainingequipment, strength training benches and external weight storage equipment in

5、volves the risk ofinjury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition, userswith physical limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility prior tousing this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclud

6、e some persons fromusing this equipment properly and without increasing the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the designand manufacture of externally loaded strength trainingequipment, strength training benches and external weightstorage equipment as de

7、fined in 3.1.1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in anindoor setting or environment.1.3 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness productsfor use only by an individual age 13 and older.1.4 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Speci-fication F2276, Test Method

8、s F2571, and Test Methods F3104.1.5 This standard takes precedence over SpecificationF2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific toExternally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, StrengthTraining Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be reg

9、arded asstandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the

10、applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and LabelsF2216 Specification for Selectorized Strength EquipmentF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF2277 Test Methods

11、 for Evaluating Design and PerformanceCharacteristics of Selectorized Strength EquipmentF2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and PerformanceCharacteristics of Fitness EquipmentF3104 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and PerformanceCharacteristics of Externally Loaded Strength TrainingEquipment,

12、 Strength Training Benches and ExternalWeight Storage Equipment2.2 Federal Standard:3Department of Justice (DOJ) 2010 Standard for AccessibleDesign, United States Department of Justice, Title II (28CFR 35) and Title III (28 CFR 36)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 o

13、n SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published February 2015. DOI:10.1520/F3105-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu

14、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.

15、access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms listed below are unique to thisspecification. For terms not defined below, refer to Specifica-tion F2276.3.1.1 barbell, na long bar

16、shaped device, usually made ofsteel or aluminum used for holding weight discs to performcertain exercises. Used in conjunction with certain benches andracks.3.1.2 break, vshall not separate from the structure or failto support the load for the intended function.3.1.3 catch, nrest or holder for an ba

17、rbell, Smith press, orsled leg press carriage from which the user begins the exerciselift and returns the bar or sled to at the completion of theexercise.3.1.4 dumbbell, na device of fixed mass designed to begripped with one hand. Selectively variable dumbbells wherethe amount of resistance is selec

18、ted by the user are included inthis definition.3.1.5 externally loaded strength training equipment,nstrength training equipment that relies on user appliedweight discs on the movement arm for as primary means ofresistance.3.1.6 external weight storage equipment, nany piece ofequipment whose sole fun

19、ction is to store external weightssuch as weight discs or dumbbells while not in use onexternally loaded strength equipment or other means ofstrength training.3.1.7 maximum storage load, nmaximum load that can beapplied to weight post and/or external weight storage equip-ment as set forth by the man

20、ufacturer.3.1.8 maximum specified training load, nmaximum work-ing load as set forth by the manufacture. This load does notinclude the user weight.3.1.9 movement arm, na component of certain strengthtraining devices that allows for a controlled and directedmotion of a resistance means for a specific

21、 exercise.3.1.10 olympic, adja system of external training resistancethat allows higher levels of resistance than standard weightdiscs and describing barbell combinations. One feature is theuse of a large bore diameter approximately 50 mm (1.98 in.)for the interface between weight discs and barbells

22、.3.1.11 rack, na structure often described as a cage or squatrack that will support an Olympic bar on catch assemblies orhooks allowing the user to perform multiple freestyle exercisessuch as Olympic lifts, squats and similar exercises. The catchassemblies or structures may be vertical or positioned

23、 along anupward sloping frame structure typically 45 or greater.3.1.12 Smith press, na substantially vertical frame struc-ture with a constrained bar for loading Olympic weight platesonto that travels along linear shafts with indexing engagementmeans that allow the bar to be started and stopped at m

24、ultiplepositions along the range of travel.3.1.13 strength training benches, na piece of equipmentused to support the body of a user and/or the training loadduring certain strength training exercises. A strength trainingbench does not have integral features to increase trainingresistance but may hav

25、e integral features for external weightstorage.3.1.14 training load, nthe amount of weight plates addedto the machine or bar to provide training resistance to the user.3.1.15 training resistance, nthe force exerted by the userto move lifting arm which may or may not be the same as thetraining load.3

26、.1.16 weight disc, na means for a given mass, usually ofsteel or iron, for externally loaded equipment. Contains a borein the center of the disc for attachment to weight post.3.1.17 weight post, na structure protruding from the frameof externally loaded strength equipment for the purpose ofholding w

27、eight discs either for a resistance means or forstorage.4. Equipment Types4.1 Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, workarm actuated (Type 1)The external load is attached directlyor indirectly to a movement arm that is displaced intentionallyby the user, as shown in Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Type 1 Wor

28、k Arm ActuatedF3105 1424.2 Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, linearslide actuated (Type 2)The external load is placed on aweight post affixed to a carriage thats motion is limited via alinear slide.4.2.1 Type 2aA machine that has an angle, fromhorizontal, greater than 45. This type incl

29、udes the SmithMachine as shown in Fig. 2.4.2.2 Type 2bA machine that has an angle, fromhorizontal, of 45 or less. This type includes the sled style legpress as shown in Fig. 3.4.3 Strength Training Benches, designed for use with abarbell (Type 3)Any bench that has integral hooks or catchesfor a stan

30、dard or Olympic style barbell. This classification alsoencompasses stand alone barbell supports. See Fig. 4.4.4 Strength Training Benches, designed for independentuse or for use with optional equipment (Type 4)Any benchthat is not included in the definition of a Type 3. Benches thatare movable, for

31、use in Smith or rack style devices are includedin this type. This type also contains specialty equipment suchas body weight style equipment. See Fig. 5.4.5 External Weight Storage Equipment, any device with thesole purpose to store external weights (Type 5)These devicesonly store weight, and are not

32、 used directly for fitnessexercises. This type includes weight trees and dumbbell racks.See Fig. 6.4.6 Multi Function Systems, a machine whose functionincorporates more than one station or operation intended forseparate exercises (Type 6)This equipment may containfunctionality of equipment Types 1-4

33、. Each station or functionFIG. 2 Type 2a Linear Slide Greater Than 45FIG. 3 Type 2b Linear Slide 45 or LessFIG. 4 Type 3 Strength Training Bench With Barbell SupportF3105 143shall meet the requirements for the equipment type as listed in4.1 4.4. If the equipment also contains a selectorized station,

34、then the requirements of Specification F2216 and Test MethodsF2277 are applicable to that station or function. See Fig. 7.4.7 Rack Stations (Type 7)Apparatus or structures de-signed to support an Olympic bar in multiple positions thatallow freestyle or unguided exercise with the Olympic bar. SeeFig.

35、 8.5. Design and Construction Requirements5.1 Weight DiscsDiscussionThere is great variability inthe dimensions of available weights discs. The dimensions ofthe weight discs are instrumental for requirements in thisstandard and its test method. To this extent it is necessary todefine key dimensions

36、for use with this standard. If the designrestricts the dimensional limits for weight discs and/or thecapacities of each weight post, it will supersede the dimensionsthat follow.5.1.1 The maximum diameter for a weight disc consideredfor use with externally loaded strength training equipment shallbe 4

37、60 mm (18 in.) unless specified by the manufacturer.5.1.2 The minimum thickness for a weight disc consideredfor use with externally loaded strength training equipment shallbe 37 mm (1.45 in.) unless specified by the manufacturer.5.1.3 The maximum size weight disc ( diameter and thick-ness) considere

38、d for use with externally loaded strengthtraining equipment shall be either 45 lb (standard Olympicweight) or 25 kg (metric Olympic weight) unless specified bythe manufacturer.5.2 In addition to the requirements of Specification F2276,the following requirements are applicable.5.2.1 Adjustable StopsA

39、ll Type 2 equipment shall beprovided with adjustable stops to limit the travel of the trainingload. Appropriate warnings and instructions on the use of thestops shall be providedrefer to Sections 6 and 7 of thisdocument.FIG. 5 Type 4 Independent Use Strength Training BenchFIG. 6 Type 5 External Weig

40、ht StorageDumbbellsFIG. 7 Type 6 Multi Function ApparatusFIG. 8 Type 7 Rack StationF3105 1445.2.1.1 Smith Machines, Squat Racks and Lifting CagesThese apparatus shall be equipped with an adjustable stop oneach side that shall limit the downward travel of the lifting bar.One set of stop position shal

41、l stop the bar 711 mm (28 in.) orhigher from the floor (measured to the underside of the bar).This position shall be identified with a site specific labelindicating that for squat exercises the stops shall not be placedbelow this level.5.2.1.2 Sled Leg Press Machines (Type 2b) shall be outfittedwith

42、 permanent dead stops that stop the downward travel of thelifting sled. These dead stops shall stop the sled so that there isat least 266 mm (10.5 in.) of space between the lowest mostportion of the foot platform and the front edge of the seatassembly.5.2.2 Weight Disc RetentionAll weight posts used

43、 forapplication of the training resistance shall contain a retentionmeans.Acceptable means include: Detent pins, clips or anglingof the weight post above horizontal. If angling of the weightpost is used then the weight post shall be angled 2 or greaterwith respect to horizontal throughout the entire

44、 range ofmotion.5.2.2.1 If weight posts are designed for weight plate sizeless than 45 lb or 25 kg (as defined in 5.1), then the unit shalllimit the use of such discs through the use of a site specificlabel. Institutional Equipment may use mechanical interferenceto limit the capacity as referenced i

45、n 5.2.4.2.5.2.3 Barbell Support Hook DimensionsThe rear part ofthe barbell hook shall be at least 80 mm (3.15 in.) higher thanthe front of the hook. The depth of the hook (front to back)shall be a minimum of 40 mm (1.57 in.). The height of the frontof the barbell hook, a, shall be between 20 mm (0.7

46、8 in.) and40 mm (1.57 in.) when measured from the bottom of a 30 mm(1.18 in.) barbell at rest in the hook. See Fig. 9.5.2.4 Weight Disc ClearanceThe distance between weightdiscs and other movable or fixed parts shall be greater than 25mm (0.98 in.).5.2.4.1 Weight discs on the same weight post are ex

47、emptfrom this requirement.5.2.4.2 If a mechanical interference device is used to limitthe use of certain size weight plates, such as a pin parallel tothe weight posts, then it shall be exempt from the clearancerequirement between the weight disc and mechanical interfer-ence device. A site specific w

48、arning shall be present in theimmediate area to warn as to the maximum weight plate size.For consumer equipment, weight plate size restriction may bespecified in the owners manual.5.3 StabilityDiscussionExternally Loaded StrengthEquipment requires additional stability guidelines over thoseset forth

49、in Specification F2276. The equipment shall be stablein the unloaded, intrinsically and the extrinsically loadedconditions. The equipment shall be stable with weights appliedto only one side and both sides of the equipment, supportedlifting bar or carriage. In addition, weight posts intended forstorage shall be evaluated separately from weight posts in-tended for training resistance. The most onerous condition forstability shall be evaluated.5.3.1 Notice to the owner or user of the product that themachine meets industry standards