1、Designation: F3238 17Standard Specification forDesign and Installation of an Infrared (IR) SearchlightSystem (USA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification establishes the exposure limits and safe operating guidelines for infrared (IR)radiating devices
3、 to be mounted on N registered aircraft or any aircraft which is flown or operated inthe United States or its territories. This specification applies to devices such as searchlights andlanding lights or other IR radiating devices that emit incoherent IR energy. For IR systems that emitcoherent IR ra
4、diation, refer to FAAAC 20-183. This specification does not establish the requirementsfor mounting to a specific aircraft and does not authorize the installation onto an aircraft. Specificinstallation requirements for each airframe type shall comply with Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulati
5、ons and guidelines and are in addition to the requirements set forth in this specification.The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has establishedthreshold limit values (TLVs) for IR radiation exposure.2The TLVs represent a safe exposure limitwithout physical harm, even
6、 with daily exposure. In general terms, the components of the TLV are afunction of the intensity of the IR radiation (within a specified band), the distance to (or from) theradiating source, over a period of time (exposure).For this specification, the safe exposure time has been set at 100 seconds t
7、o reach the TLV.Therefore, the safe operating distance is established by determining the maximum output radiation ofthe device such that 100 seconds of exposure does not exceed one TLV as established by ACGIH.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the manufacturing design,manufacturing quality s
8、ystem and installation requirements forairborne infrared (IR) searchlight equipment, systems, anddevices. This specification applies only to IR devices thatproduce incoherent IR radiation and affixed to an aircraft whichis N registered or operated and flown within the United Statesand its territorie
9、s.1.2 This specification establishes the minimum and maxi-mum system performance and provides guidelines for anoperator to develop functional operation requirements to en-sure IR safety.1.3 This specification covers IR device emissions in supportof night vision goggles or other devices such as elect
10、ro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) sensors capable of detecting IR radiation.1.4 This specification covers IR device emissions that maypose a hazard to the flight crew, aircraft, and bystanders.1.5 This specification covers IR device emissions and re-lated safety controls such as duration, beam width, radi
11、antintensity, and wavelength.1.6 This specification encourages an Original EquipmentManufacturer (OEM) to maintain a robust quality assuranceprogram and a well-documented configuration control processat the component level and continued through installation at thesystem level.1.7 The OEM shall inclu
12、de the warnings, exposure limita-tions and corresponding data, and installation instructionsdescribed within this specification in their operation andinstallation manuals. These manuals shall be provided with theproduct or device.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F39 on
13、AircraftSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F39.04 on AircraftSystems.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. DOI: 10.1520/F3238-17.2Light and Near-Infrared Radiation: TLV(R) Physical Agents, 7th ed., AmericanConference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
14、, 2015, www.acgih.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for t
15、heDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.8 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.9 This stand
16、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international stand
17、ard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Re
18、ferenced Documents2.1 FAA Standards:3FAAAC 21-16(G) RTCADocument DO160 Versions D, E,F, and G Environmental Conditions and Test Proceduresfor Airborne Equipment, or latest versions availableFAA AC 20-115C Airborne Software AssuranceFAA AC 20-183 Laser Airworthiness Installation GuidanceFAA 8110.4C T
19、ype Certification2.2 IEC Standard:4IEC 61508 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems2.3 RTCA Standards:5RTCA/DO-160 Versions D, E, F, G, or latest EnvironmentalConditions and Test Procedures for Airborne EquipmentRTCA/DO-178 Software Considerations i
20、n Airborne Sys-tems and Equipment CertificationRTCA/DO-254 Design Assurance Guidance for AirborneElectronic Hardware2.4 SAE Standard:6SAE/ARP4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting theSafetyAssessment Process on CivilAirborne Systems andEquipment2.5 Federal Standards:714 CFR Part 27 Airworthiness
21、 Standards: Normal CategoryRotorcraft14 CFR Part 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Cat-egory Rotorcraft14 CFR Part 21 Section 21.307 and 21.308 CertificationProcedures for Products and Articles, Quality System andQuality ManualMIL-STD 3009 Lighting, Aircraft, Night Vision ImagingSystem (NVIS) Co
22、mpatibleNOTE 1For all referenced documents, the latest version of the releaseddocument shall be used.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 beam width, nbeam diameter or beam width of anelectromagnetic beam is the diameter along any specified linethat is perpendicular to the beam axis and intersects it
23、.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe beam diameter or beam width ismeasured at 10 % of the peak intensity.3.1.2 effective spectral radiance, nintegrated radiance ofan IR device per unit wavelength weighted by the hazardfunction and the measurement is expressed in units of (W/cm2sr) and used to establish the thres
24、hold limit values (TLVs).3.1.3 exposure duration, ntime the infrared (IR) source isdirectly viewed or directed toward a human target.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe exposure duration is a function ofthe intensity and wavelength of radiation over time. TheAmerican Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienis
25、ts(ACGIH) has established safe exposure limits (TLVs) thatdefine exposure to an IR source without permanent physicaldamage.3.1.4 eye safe distance, ndistance and duration of unob-structed exposure to the direct IR beam at effective spectralradiances.3.1.5 intended function, nthrough the emission of
26、IR,facilitates the utilization of night vision equipment (cameras orgoggles, or both).3.1.6 wavelength, nfor an electromagnetic wave, the dis-tance in the direction of propagation between nearest points atwhich the electric vector has the same phase.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe wavelength unit generally us
27、ed inspectrophotometry related to colorimetry is the nanometer(nm). Unless otherwise stated, values of wavelength aregenerally those in air.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 infrared light, IR, nin this specification, refers to thenonvisible portion of the light spectrum that
28、may be eitherfiltered or direct emission, adjacent to the red end of the visiblespectrum, with wavelengths from 700 to 3000 nm.4. Performance Requirements4.1 The minimum safe operating distance is established byanalyzing the total radiated IR energy such that the TLV is notexceeded during 100 second
29、s of exposure.4.2 The IR emitting device shall be tested to quantify the IRemissions. The testing laboratory (or Original EquipmentManufacturer (OEM) shall be capable of documenting thatresults obtained which represent the maximum values that theequipment is capable of emitting throughout its life c
30、ycle andunder worst-case conditions. Test equipment and standardsshould be traceable to an accredited authority such as NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Worst-caseconditions are those in which the device may produce moreenergy than the intended or anticipated levels because ofco
31、mponent failure or any other operating or failure mode.3Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVaremb, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 2
32、0, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.5Available from RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th St. NW, Suite 910, Washington, DC20036.6Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capi
33、tol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.F3238 1724.2.1 After initial testing and product verification, OEMsare required to test subsequent production units under theguidelines of their respective Quality System as described inSection 5.4.2.2 Changes or modifications to the d
34、evice or end productrequire a new test unless the OEM establishes that such productor device revisions represent no change to the IR emissionvalues or monitoring and control functions. New test data orthe manufacturers statement of similarity and compliance toprevious testing shall be sent to each s
35、upplemental typecertificate (STC) and PMAholder for the device. The data shallbe made available within 30 days of a revision change andbefore release for installation on an aircraft.4.2.3 For serial production, the test results for each deviceshall accompany the product when it is shipped or leaves
36、theOEMs facility, along with other pertinent data and certifica-tions required for safe installation and continued airworthiness.5. OEM / Manufacturing Serial Production QualitySystem5.1 For serial production of IR emitting devices, the OEMshall have a Quality System which meets the requirements ofC
37、FR Part 21 Section 21.307 and 21.308, or,5.1.1 An approved ASTM Quality System, or,5.1.2 ISO 9000 or AS 9000 Certification.6. Installation Requirements6.1 The installer shall ensure that safe operating require-ments for the IR device are met such that there are no hazardsfor the flight crew, ground/
38、maintenance personnel, or bystand-ers.6.1.1 A keyed lockout switch shall be installed whichdisables the IR function of the IR device such that the IRfunction may only be activated by authorized personnel.Authorized personnel will include only those specificallytrained in the safe operation of the IR
39、 function. This switchshall be placarded as such during the installation of the IRsearchlight or device. This switch is only to be used by trainedand authorized maintenance personnel using established oper-ating guidelines as established by the aircraft operator.NOTE 2This specification does not est
40、ablish safe ground operatingprocedures for maintenance personnel. These procedures shall be devel-oped and implemented by the air operations unit or facility.6.1.1.1 Safe operation training guidelines shall include thefollowing topics at a minimum:(1) Potential hazards involved with the use of IR de
41、vices,(2) IR exposure limits and safe operating distances for eachIR device installed or operated,(3) How to protect the flight crew and bystanders fromhazardous IR exposure, and(4) Processes and procedures for periodic maintenance andrepairs of the IR device.6.1.2 A discrete visual annunciator is r
42、equired when thedevice is in the IR operating mode. This is required since theIR energy is invisible to the naked eye. The discrete annuncia-tor should be located on the hand control that operates the IRemitting device and near the pilot instruments and shall benight vision imaging system (NVIS) com
43、pliant (MIL-STD-3009). The operator and pilot should have visual annunciationof the IR device.NOTE 3The intent of this provision is to ensure that the pilot and flightcrew are aware that the device is operating in the IR mode.6.1.3 RecommendedThe preferred method of lockout forthe IR device is via a
44、 link to the radar altimeter. Activation ofthe system should not be possible when the altimeter altitudelockout is active (below the minimum safe altitude or targetdistance). If the radar altimeter is not available or impracticalfor the installation, the alternate means of compliance is byinstallati
45、on of an arm/disarm switch. The arm/disarm switchshall be accessible to the flight crew and secured with a keyedlockout.6.1.4 The IR mode may not be selectable exclusively viasoftware unless the software is developed using RTCA/DO-178 with Design Assurance Level B or higher. If in normaloperation th
46、e device has an IR mode select or IR activation thatis operated exclusively via software and is not RTCA/DO-178B compliant, the device shall also be controllable by ananalog method that overrides this functionality in the event ofan in-flight emergency or device malfunction (hazard).6.1.5 This speci
47、fication does not establish the requirementsfor mounting to a specific aircraft and does not authorize theinstallation onto an aircraft. Specific installation requirementsfor each airframe type shall comply with FAA regulations inaddition to the requirements set forth in this specification.6.1.6 Env
48、ironmental QualificationEnsure the environ-mental qualification of the installed equipment is appropriatefor the intended aircraft installation environment. FAA guid-ance may be found in FAA AC 21-16(G), RTCA/DO-160Versions D, E, F and G, or latest.6.1.7 The installer and operator shall ensure that
49、any repairsor replacement spare parts are only performed by authorizedrepair facilities and that the use of spare parts meets the OEMspecifications.7. Hazard, Malfunction, and Failure Assessment7.1 This specification is to be used as a means to showcompliance with requirements for certification of IR emittingdevices. The hazard, malfunction, and failure assessment for anIR radiating device is in addition to those required for a normalTC, STC, or other approved installation under FAA regula-tions.7.2 Equipment MalfunctionIR device malfunction result-ing in an
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