ASTM F3284-2018 Standard Guide for Recording and Reporting of Injuries and Illnesses for the Maritime Industry《海运业伤病记录和报告标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F3284 18 An American National StandardStandard Guide forRecording and Reporting of Injuries and Illnesses for theMaritime Industry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th

2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides injury and illness reporting criteriaand terminology for maritime

3、vessels and meets or exceedsU.S. Coast Guard casualty reporting requirements.1.2 The focus of these injury and illness reporting criteria isto standardize recording and reporting, including terminology,for the maritime industry.1.3 The criteria contained within this guide should beapplied as minimum

4、 criteria to all injury and illness recordingand reporting in the maritime industry unless otherwise speci-fied.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety c

5、oncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance wi

6、th internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard

7、s:2F2039 Guide for Basic Elements of Shipboard OccupationalHealth and Safety Program2.2 Federal Standards:29 CFR Part 1904 Recording and Reporting OccupationalInjuries and Illnesses333 CFR Part 160 Navigation and Navigable Waters446 CFR Part 4 Shipping, Marine Casualties and Investiga-tions333 U.S.C

8、. 3301 Definitions546 U.S.C. 33 Inspection Generally446 U.S.C. 2101 General Definitions43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accident, nincident with unexpected or undesirableconsequences.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe consequences may be related topersonnel injury or fatality, property loss, environmentalimp

9、act, business loss, and so forth or a combination of these.3.1.2 activity/task, nwhat is actually being performedduring the time of the near miss, unsafe act/behavior,hazardous/unsafe condition, or injury/illness.3.1.3 allision, nrunning of one ship upon another objectthat is stationary.3.1.4 bridge

10、, nstructure erected across navigable watersof the United States.3.1.4.1 DiscussionBridges include all integral elements ofthe overall structure, approaches, and appurtenances, regard-less of the materials used, whether natural or manufactured, or1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ

11、ee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. DOI: 10.1520/F3284-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service

12、 at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.4Available from Electroni

13、c Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), https:/www.ecfr.gov.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

14、19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Te

15、chnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1the construction methods. This definition includes, but is notlimited to, highway bridges, railroad bridges, foot bridges,aqueducts, aerial tramways, conveyors, gauging cables,causeways, and similar structures of like function. Thisincludes, but is not limi

16、ted to, fendering systems and structuresused to maintain or operate the bridge.3.1.5 “bump and go” groundings, nU.S. Coast Guard(USCG) will not consider an unintended grounding to be areportable marine casualty under 46 CFR Part 4.05 if thegrounding can be classified as a “bump and go.”3.1.5.1 Discu

17、ssion“Bump and go” groundings are occur-rences in which the involved vessel master or licensed mate onwatch attests that the grounding (including grounded bargesunder the control of a towing vessel) was only momentary (forexample, reversing engines frees the grounded vessel on thefirst attempt, no a

18、ssist vessel is needed to free the vessel, alltowing connections remain intact) and that the grounding didnot result in any other marine casualty criteria being met asdefined in 46 CFR Part 4.05-1(a)(3)-(8). Initial notifications of“bump and go” groundings shall still be made to the appropri-ate USC

19、G Command Center as a hazardous condition inaccordance with 33 CFR Part 160.216. A USCG preventionofficer shall review each reported “bump and go” grounding toconfirm that it meets the criteria to be excluded from thegrounding casualty reporting requirements under 46 CFR 4.05.The USCG response to a

20、claim of a “bump and go” groundingis at the discretion of the cognizant officer in charge, marineInspection/captain of the port (OCMI/COTP); however, aUSCG investigation and associated Marine Information forSafety and Law Enforcement (MISLE) activity for a reportablemarine casualty should not be com

21、pleted if the OCMI/COTPconfirms the incident as a “bump and go.” A field unit thatcompletes an optional investigation on a confirmed “bump andgo” grounding should document the activity as a non-reportable casualty in MISLE with no associated CG-2692.63.1.6 causal factor, nstructural/machinery/equipm

22、ent/outfitting problem, human factors, or external factors thatcaused an incident, allowed an incident to occur, or allowed theconsequences of the incident to be worse than they might havebeen.3.1.7 collision, nstructural impact between two ships orone ship and another moving object.3.1.8 commercial

23、 service, ndefined in 46 U.S.C. 2101(5)and includes any type of trade or business involving thetransportation of goods or individuals, except service per-formed by a combatant vessel.3.1.9 consequences, nundesirable or unexpected out-comes may result in negative effects for an organization andthese

24、consequences can range from minor injuries to majorevents involving loss of life, extensive property loss, environ-mental damage, and breaches related to security.3.1.10 corrective actions, nimprovements to an organiza-tions processes taken to eliminate causes of nonconformitiesor other undesirable

25、situations.3.1.11 effciency, nability of the vessel to perform andoperate competently in its intended service, including theability to carry and transfer its cargo safely.3.1.12 engaged or employed on board a vessel, vincludesindividuals who are on board a vessel to carry out workassociated with shi

26、pboard operations, cargo operations, ormaintenance.3.1.12.1 DiscussionPersons in addition to the vesselscrew include, but are not limited to, pilots, accommodation andhospitality staff, “temporary workers” such as visitingtechnicians, riding crews, contractors, divers, personnel insupport of commerc

27、ial diving operations, and persons support-ing outer Continental Shelf activities.3.1.13 event, nhappening caused by humans, automati-cally operating equipment/components, external events, or theresult of a natural phenomenon.3.1.14 external factors, nissues outside the control of theorganization.3.

28、1.14.1 DiscussionExamples include uncharted/unknown hazards to navigation, some sea or weatherconditions, suicides or homicides, and external events.3.1.15 first aid injury, n(1) using a non-prescription medi-cation at non-prescription strength (for medications availablein both prescription and non-

29、prescription form, a recommen-dation by a physician or other licensed health care professionalto use a non-prescription medication at prescription strength isconsidered medical treatment for recordkeeping purposes); (2)administering tetanus immunizations (other immunizations,such as Hepatitis B vacc

30、ine or rabies vaccine, are consideredmedical treatment); (3) cleaning, flushing, or soaking woundson the surface of the skin; (4) using wound coverings such asbandages, adhesive bandages, gauze pads, and so forth or usingbutterfly bandages or steri strips (other wound-closing devicessuch as sutures,

31、 staples, and so forth are considered medicaltreatment); (5) using hot or cold therapy; (6) using anynon-rigid means of support, such as elastic bandages, wraps,non-rigid back belts, and so forth (devices with rigid stays orother systems designed to immobilize parts of the body areconsidered medical

32、 treatment for recordkeeping purposes); (7)using temporary immobilization devices while transporting anaccident victim (for example, splints, slings, neck collars, backboards, and so forth); (8) drilling of a fingernail or toenail torelieve pressure or draining fluid from a blister; (9) using eyepat

33、ches; (10) removing foreign bodies from the eye using onlyirrigation or a cotton swab; (11) removing splinters or foreignmaterial from areas other than the eye by irrigation, tweezers,cotton swabs, or other simple means; (12) using finger guards;(13) using massages (physical therapy or chiropractic

34、treatmentare considered medical treatment for recordkeeping purposes);or (14) drinking fluids for relief of heat stress.6U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Form CG-2692, Report of Marine Casualty,https:/www.uscg.mil/forms/CG/CG_2692.pdf.F3284 1823.1.16 first aid case frequency, FACF, ntotal first aidinjury cas

35、es multiplied by 200 000 (or 1 million) divided by thenumber of exposure (working) hours in the past year.3.1.17 fitness for service or route, ncondition of the vesseland its equipment being such that it meets or exceeds minimumsafety standards and is safe and reliable to operate in one ormore parti

36、cular types of service and in the locations in whichit will be used.3.1.17.1 DiscussionFor vessels subject to inspection un-der 46 U.S.C. 33, fitness for service and route are directlyrelated to the “route permitted and conditions of operation”provided by the vessels certificate of inspection (COI).

37、 Shouldan occurrence result in the material condition on the vesselbecoming such that it requires the temporary or permanentreduction or restriction in the vessels operating parameters orroute as compared to what is permitted in its COI, then theoccurrence is considered to have met this criterion. F

38、or foreignvessels, the criterion is considered met if the occurrencerequires the temporary or permanent reduction or restriction inthe vessels operating parameters or route as a condition ofclassification or flag state requirement.3.1.18 grounding, vimpact of a ship on seabed or water-way side.3.1.1

39、9 hazard, ncondition with the potential to causeinjury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss ofequipment or property; or mission degradation.3.1.20 hazardous/unsafe condition, nany condition thatmay adversely affect the safety of any seafarer, equipment,vessel, bridge, structure, shore

40、area, or the environmentalquality of any port, harbor, or navigable waterway.3.1.21 human errors, nperformance of humans that devi-ates from the desired performance.3.1.22 illness, nincluding, but not limited to, skin diseasesor disorders, respiratory conditions, poisoning, hearing loss,communicable

41、 illnesses, allergic reactions, heart attack, stroke,and all other occupational illness (for example, heatstroke,sunstroke, heat exhaustion, heat stress, and other effects ofenvironmental heat; freezing, frostbite, and other effects ofexposure to low temperatures; decompression sickness; and soforth

42、).3.1.23 immediately, advas soon as reasonably practicablewithout delay.3.1.23.1 DiscussionPrompt notification is essential to en-sure the timely and proper USCG and maritime stakeholderresponses to marine casualties. Each reported occurrence shallbe evaluated by a designated USCG investigating offi

43、cer (IO).The USCG should consider delays in reporting caused by theneed to address resultant safety concerns, such as responding toan emergency situation, to be valid. However, the responsibleparties involved in a marine casualty shall make all efforts tonotify the USCG quickly. All notifications to

44、 the USCG shallinclude the information detailed in 46 CFR Part 4.05-5.Examples of potential noncompliance with immediate notifi-cation include: (1) A crew member on a passenger vessel slipsand breaks an arm during an excursion. The master fails toreport the incident until completing a 40-min transit

45、 back toport. When the USCG IOs arrive on scene, several witnesseshave departed the vessel, impeding the ability to conduct aninvestigation. (2) A tank vessel loses all propulsion afterswitching to low sulfur fuel upon entering a North Americanemission control area. The vessels engineers are able to

46、troubleshoot the problem at sea and the vessel proceeds to itsberth. The master of the vessel delays reporting the incident tothe USCG until the vessel is safely moored at the dock3.1.24 incident, nunplanned sequence of events or condi-tions or both that results in, or could have reasonably resulted

47、in, a loss event.3.1.25 incident category, nfor reporting fatalities, injuries,and illnesses, the categories are first aid cases, medicaltreatment cases (treatment beyond first aid), restricted workinjuries, lost time injuries, fatalities, and recordable cases (sumof medical treatment cases, restric

48、ted work injuries, lost timeinjuries, and fatalities).3.1.26 incident type, nindicates the type of incident, suchas struck by, struck against, trapped in, slip, trip, fall (samelevel or different level), fire, spill, strain/overexertion, caughtbetween, contacted by, contacted with, exposure, and so

49、forth.3.1.27 injury, ndamage or harm caused to the structure orfunction of the body as a result of an outside physical agent orforce.3.1.28 injury (USCG), ninterpreted as damage or harmcaused to the structure or function of the body as a result of anoutside physical agent or force to a passenger, crewmember, ornon-crewmember.3.1.28.1 DiscussionThis includes injuries that occur as aresult of criminal or intentional acts (for example, assaults,fights, self-inflicted wounds) by crew members or passengers.However, USCG IOs should limit the sc