1、Designation: G122 96 (Reapproved 2015)1Standard Test Method forEvaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial correction made in October 2015.INTRODUCTIONMany systems require a high degree of cleanliness. For example, gaseous a
3、nd liquid oxygensystems must be clean, particularly of hydrocarbons, to avoid the potential hazard of a reaction andsubsequent fire or explosion. Typically, chlorinated solvents have been used to clean systems andequipment that must be free of hydrocarbons and other contaminants. Environmental conce
4、rns dictatethat suitable replacements are needed. This test method presents a procedure that may be used toevaluate candidate aqueous or non aqueous cleaning agents.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating thecapability of cleaning agents and processes to remove contami-nation
5、to the desired level.1.2 The test coupons provide a relatively rough surface towhich contamination can easily adhere.1.3 The capability of a particular cleaning agent dependsupon the method by which it is used and the characteristics ofthe article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material.Fin
6、al evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing ofactual products and production process.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
7、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Note 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
8、andards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen ServiceG121 Practice for Preparation of Co
9、ntaminated Test Cou-pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents2.2 ANSI Standard:3D46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, Lay)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cleaning effectiveness factor (CEF), nthe fraction ofcontaminant removed from an initially contaminated testcoupon and determin
10、ed by gravimetric techniques.3.1.2 residual contamination, Rc,nthe absolute mass ofcontaminant remaining after the cleaning process and ex-pressed in milligrams per square centimetre of area or option-ally as milligrams per square foot.3.1.3 surface roughness, RA,nthe arithmetic average de-viation o
11、f the surface profile from the centerline, normallyreported in micrometres.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 onCompatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee G04.01 on Test Methods.Current edit
12、ion approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as G122 96 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/G0122-96R15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
13、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
14、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides quantitative results as to theability of a specific cleaning agent/process for removingselected contaminants from standard coupons. The couponsused for testing are prepared in accordance with Practice
15、G121.Cleaning is performed using a cleaning tank with or withoutultrasonic agitation, elevated temperature or other cleaningenhancement features and depends on the manufacturersinstructions. The effectiveness of the cleaning process isrepresented as CEF, the cleaning effectiveness factor, that is th
16、efraction of the contaminant removed as determined by gravi-metric techniques. A control coupon is used to account for anycorrosion or material removal effects due to the cleaningagent/process.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this test method is to define a procedurefor evaluating the capab
17、ility of cleaning agents to cleanmetallic coupons. Based on the outcome of the testing, suitablecleaning agents may be selected for cleaning in general and foroxygen service in particular.5.2 The cleaning parameters can be changed and the testmethod can be repeated. The usual cleaning parameters inc
18、ludecleaning agent concentration, temperature, and time; type andstrength of ultrasonic energy or agitation, if used, and others.NOTE 1Usual cleaning parameters are based on the manufacturersrecommendations.6. Apparatus6.1 Materials:6.1.1 Test Coupon, prepared in accordance with PracticeG121. The ma
19、ss of the coupon is approximately 30 to 45 g butwill vary significantly for each selected material. Typicalmaterials used in oxygen systems are described in Guide G94.6.1.2 Control CouponThis is uncontaminated and is sub-jected to the identical cleaning procedure as the contaminatedcoupons and serve
20、s to evaluate corrosion anderosion of the testcoupons.6.1.3 Cleaning Agent, prepared according to the manufac-turers instructions. Specification D1193 Type II water shall beused for preparing aqueous solutions.6.2 Equipment:6.2.1 Cleaning Tank, A vessel of sufficient size to conduct anumber of evalu
21、ations simultaneously. Testing is enhanced byhaving automatic temperature and time controls. A cleaningtank with ultrasonics may be used.6.2.2 Balance, accuracy to 0.1 mg. However, 0.01 mgaccuracy is desirable to detect contamination levels of 10mg/m2(1 mg/ft2) or less.6.2.3 Beaker HolderA device to
22、 support beakers in theultrasonic cleaner tank such that the beakers do not contact thebottom and sides of the tank.7. Test Procedure7.1 Prepare a minimum of six test coupons by PracticeG121.7.2 Indicate the masses of coupons in grams as MXy whereX is the coupon designation (number, letter, or name)
23、 and y =1indicates a clean coupon, y = 2 indicates a contaminatedcoupon and y = 3 indicates a coupon after cleaning.7.3 Designate one coupon as the control coupon to undergocleaning without contamination.7.4 Measure the mass of the control and test coupons(recording them as MX1 as previously defined
24、).7.5 Contaminate five test coupons in accordance with Prac-tice G121.7.6 Measure the mass of all contaminated test coupons(recording them as MX2 as previously defined).7.7 Process the control coupon in the test cleaning solutionseparately from the contaminated test coupons.7.8 The contaminated test
25、 coupons can be processed inindependent beakers held in the cleaning tank or as a batch ina single beaker.7.9 Clean the test and control coupons in the candidatecleaning agent by the manufacturers procedure or selectedprocedure.7.9.1 Prepare the cleaning agent in accordance with themanufacturers rec
26、ommendations.7.9.2 Select beakers of suitable size to accommodate the testcoupons and fit the beaker holder.7.9.3 Wash the beakers thoroughly with a solution of liquid,surface-active cleaning agent in hot water and rinse with typeII water.7.9.4 Fill the beakers with the cleaning agent solution to al
27、evel that will ensure the test coupons are submerged.7.9.5 Fill the cleaning tank to its operating level with thetransfer fluid and preheat to desired test temperature.7.9.6 Place the beakers in the beaker holder in the tank sothat the liquid levels in the tank and beakers are approximatelyequal.7.9
28、.7 Allow the temperatures of the tank fluid and cleaningagent in the beakers to equilibrate at the desired temperature.7.9.8 Suspend the test coupons and control coupon in thecleaning agent, using a wire hook of the same material as thecoupon or a compatible material. Position the coupons suchthat t
29、hey do not touch the beaker or one another.7.9.9 Begin agitation or sonication in the cleaning processand start the timer.7.9.10 Upon completing the required cleaning time, discon-tinue the agitation or sonication, and remove the coupons fromthe cleaning agent.7.9.11 Rinse the test coupon in accorda
30、nce with the manu-facturers recommendations.7.9.12 Allow the suspended coupons to dry overnight or ina forced convection oven for one hour.NOTE 2Warning: Do not place test coupons directly in the oven afterapplication of the solution containing the contaminant.Afire may result ifthe solvent is flamm
31、able or rapid evaporation of the solvent may causespattering of the contaminant thereby reducing the amount of contaminanton the test coupon. It is recommended that the test coupons be air drieduntil no traces of a liquid phase are visible.G122 96 (2015)127.9.13 Determine the final mass of each test
32、 coupon (record-ing them as MX3 as previously defined), including the controlcoupon.8. Calculation8.1 Validation of ProcedureExamine the control couponsto determine whether they lost mass (such as might occur ifthere was corrosion occurring, if the coupons were dissolving,or if the standard cleaning
33、 procedure used prior to contamina-tion had left residue on the coupons); gained mass (such asmight occur if the solution was plating a material on theirsurfaces, or was depositing contaminant rather than removingit) or exhibited the same mass. The simplest valid testprocedure is one in which there
34、is no change in the control-coupons mass to within the measurement error of the balance.8.1.1 If the control coupon is designated MC, and, if |MC3MC1 | balance error, then the experiment is valid.Proceed to calculate a cleaning effectiveness factor.8.1.2 If | MC3MC1 | is greater than the balance err
35、or, thetest may be considered to be suspect and the reason for themass change should be investigated.8.2 Cleaning Effectiveness Factor (CEF):8.2.1 The cleaning effectiveness factor indicates the frac-tional contaminant that was removed during cleaning (forexample, CEF = 0.9 indicates that 90 % of th
36、e contaminantwas removed).CEF 5MX2 2 MX3MX2 2 MX1(1)where:MX2 MX3 = the mass of contaminant removed, andMX2 MX1 = the mass of contaminant applied.8.2.2 Calculate the CEF for each test coupon.8.2.3 Calculate the average CEF by arithmetic mean.8.3 Residual Contamination (RC):8.3.1 A cleaning agent doe
37、s not necessarily remove a fixedfraction of the contamination on a given surface. In some cases,it cleans a surface to a constant residual cleanliness level. Forexample, sometimes the cleaned surface will exhibit a layer oforganic material that has remained after a fluid vehicle hasdried, and a cons
38、tant RC for varying initial contaminationlevels suggests this may be happening.8.3.2 Calculate the contaminated area (S) of each coupon insquare centimeters.8.3.3 Calculate the residual contamination that is(MX3MX1) in grams.8.3.4 Using the equation RC =(MX3MX1)/S, calculatethe value of RC for each
39、coupon (milligrams/centimetre2).8.3.5 Determine an average RC in mg/cm2.8.3.6 As an option, RC can be calculated in mg/ft2.9. Report9.1 Because of the many variables involved in conducting acleaning test program, it is necessary that all data be carefullydocumented.9.2 Report the following informati
40、on, as applicable:9.2.1 Date of test,9.2.2 Technician,9.2.3 Contaminant identification, and9.2.4 Coupon Data Refer to Practice G121:9.2.4.1 Identification number of each coupon,9.2.4.2 Material,9.2.4.3 Surface roughness, (RA) micrometres, and9.2.4.4 Coupon Contaminated surface areas.9.2.5 Cleaning D
41、ata:9.2.5.1 Cleaning agent identification,9.2.5.2 Concentration of cleaning agent,9.2.5.3 pH of diluted cleaning agent,9.2.5.4 Ultrasonic, soak, or agitation,9.2.5.5 Time,9.2.5.6 Temperature,9.2.5.7 Level of ultrasonic frequency (kHz), and9.2.5.8 Power density in watts per litre.9.2.6 Rinsing Data:9
42、.2.6.1 Agent,9.2.6.2 Time,9.2.6.3 Temperature,9.2.6.4 Number of rinses, and9.2.6.5 Agitation method (if any).9.2.7 Drying Data:9.2.7.1 Method,9.2.7.2 Time, and9.2.7.3 Temperature.9.2.8 Test Data:9.2.8.1 Initial mass of each coupon, including controlcoupon, MX1 and MC1,9.2.8.2 Mass of each coupon wit
43、h contaminant, MX2,9.2.8.3 Mass of each cleaned coupon after cleaning, MX3,and9.2.8.4 Mass of control coupon after cleaning, MC3.9.2.8.5 Report | MC3MC1 | and give comparison tobalance error.9.2.8.6 Report (MX2MX3) and (MX2MX1) and CEFfor each test coupon.9.2.8.7 Report average CEF.9.2.8.8 Report ar
44、ea of contamination in square centimetres.9.2.8.9 Report (MX3MX1) and RC in milligrams/squarecentimetre.9.2.8.10 Report average RC (mg/cm2).9.2.8.11 Report average RC in milligrams/foot2(optional).10. Precision and Bias10.1 An interlaboratory study of the cleaning effectivenessfactor (CEF) was condu
45、cted using the general test protocol ofPractice E691 in six participating laboratories with threematerials. However, not every laboratory evaluated everymaterial.410.1.1 The terms repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit in Table 1 are used as specified in Practice E177.10.2 BiasSince there is n
46、o accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure for measur-ing the CEF in this test method, bias has not been determined.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:G04-1001.G122 96 (2015)131
47、1. Keywords11.1 cleaning agents; cleaning evaluation; cleaning process;contaminant; oxygen; oxygen systems; reagent; solventASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are exp
48、ressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revis
49、ed, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
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