1、Designation: G155 13Standard Practice forOperating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the basic pr
3、inciples and operatingprocedures for using xenon arc light and water apparatusintended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur whenmaterials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or throughwindow glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. Thispractice is limited to the procedures for
4、obtaining, measuring,and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposureprocedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practicedoes not specify the exposure conditions best suited for thematerial to be tested.NOTE 1Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposuredevices th
5、at use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces PracticeG26, which describes very specific designs for devices used for xenon-arcexposures. The apparatus described in Practice G26 is covered by thispractice.1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered xenon arc lightunder controlled environmen
6、tal conditions. Different types ofxenon arc light sources and different filter combinations aredescribed.1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results arecovered in ASTM methods or specifications for specificmaterials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO4892-1. More specific
7、information about methods for deter-mining the change in properties after exposure and reportingthese results is described in Practice D5870.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport
8、to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the opera
9、tion ofthe lamp(s), it shall be carried away from the test specimensand operating personnel by an exhaust system.1.6 This practice is technically similar to the following ISOdocuments: ISO 4892-2, ISO 11341, ISO 105 B02, ISO 105B04, ISO 105 B05, and ISO 105 B06.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standa
10、rds:2D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials (Withdrawn 1998)3D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index ofPlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure A
11、pparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (With-drawn 2000)3G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-erated Test Devices that
12、Use Laboratory Light Sources2.2 CIE Standards:CIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommendations for the Integrated Ir-radiance and the Spectral Distribution of Simulated SolarRadiation for Testing Purposes41This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weatheringand Durability and is the direct r
13、esponsibility of Subcommittee G03.03 onSimulated and Controlled Exposure Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G155 05a. DOI:10.1520/G0155-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
14、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National S
15、tandards Institute, 11 W. 42d St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036).*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 International Standards Organization Standards:ISO
16、1134 Paint and VarnishesArtificial Weathering Expo-sure to Artificial Radiation to Filtered Xenon Arc Radia-tion5ISO 105 B02 TextilesTests for ColorfastnessPart B02Colorfastness to Artificial Light: Xenon Arc Fading LampTest5ISO 105 B04 TextilesTests for ColorfastnessPart B04Colorfastness to Artific
17、ial Weathering: Xenon Arc FadingLamp Test5ISO 105 B05 TextilesTests for ColorfastnessPart B05Detection and Assessment of Photochromism5ISO 105 B06 TextilesTests for ColorfastnessPart B06Colorfastness to Artificial Light at High Temperatures:Xenon Arc Fading Lamp Test5ISO 4892-1 PlasticsMethods of Ex
18、posure to LaboratoryLight Sources, Part 1, General Guidance5ISO 4892-2 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight Sources, Part 2, Xenon-Arc Sources52.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorTrim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xe
19、non-Arc Apparatus6SAE J2527 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Ap-paratus63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in TerminologyG113 are applicable to this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 As used i
20、n this practice, the term sunlight is identicalto the terms daylight and solar irradiance, global as they aredefined in Terminology G113.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Specimens are exposed to repetitive cycles of light andmoisture under controlled environmental conditions.4.1.1 Moisture is usually produ
21、ced by spraying the testspecimen with demineralized/deionized water or by condensa-tion of water vapor onto the specimen.4.2 The exposure condition may be varied by selection of:4.2.1 Lamp filter(s),4.2.2 The lamps irradiance level,4.2.3 The type of moisture exposure,4.2.4 The timing of the light an
22、d moisture exposure,4.2.5 The temperature of light exposure,4.2.6 The temperature of moisture exposure, and4.2.7 The timing of a light/dark cycle.4.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposedin the same model of apparatus should not be made unlessreproducibility has been established amon
23、g devices for thematerial to be tested.4.4 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposedin different models of apparatus should not be made unlesscorrelation has been established among devices for the materialto be tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to in
24、duce propertychanges associated with the end use conditions, including theeffects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures mayinclude a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen.Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration causedby localized weather phenomena, such as atmo
25、sphericpollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlightthrough window glass. Typically, these exposures would in-clude moisture in the form of humidity.NOTE 2Caution: Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidanceapplicable to
26、 all laboratory weathering devices.5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operatingconditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice.Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use ofthis practice unless accompanied by a report detailing thespecific operating con
27、ditions in conformance with the ReportSection.5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of knownperformance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with thetest specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes.It is best practice to use control materials known to haverelatively poor and g
28、ood durability. It is recommended that atleast three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed ineach test to allow for statistical evaluation of results.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Light SourceThe light source shall be oneor more quartz jacketed xenon arc lamps which emit radiationfrom below
29、270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visiblespectrum and into the infrared. In order for xenon arcs tosimulate terrestrial daylight, filters must be used to removeshort wavelength UV radiation. Filters to reduce irradiance atwavelengths shorter than 310 nm must be used to simulatedaylight filtered
30、through window glass. In addition, filters toremove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealisticheating of test specimens that can cause thermal degradationnot experienced during outdoor exposures.6.1.1 The following factors can affect the spectral powerdistribution of filtered xenon arc li
31、ght sources as used in theseapparatus:6.1.1.1 Differences in the composition and thickness offilters can have large effects on the amount of short wavelengthUV radiation transmitted.6.1.1.2 Aging of filters can result in changes in filtertransmission. The aging properties of filters can be influence
32、d5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Available from AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY10036.6Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warr
33、endale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.G155 132by the composition. Aging of filters can result in a significantreduction in the short wavelength UV emission of a xenonburner.6.1.1.3 Accumulation of deposits or other residue on filterscan effect filter transmission.6.1.1.4 Aging of the xenon burner
34、itself can result inchanges in lamp output. Changes in lamp output may also becaused by accumulation of dirt or other residue in or on theburner envelope.6.1.2 Follow the device manufacturers instructions forrecommended maintenance.6.1.3 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc with DaylightFiltersFilters a
35、re used to filter xenon arc lamp emissions ina simulation of terrestrial sunlight. The spectral power distri-bution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filters7,8shallcomply with the requirements specified in Table 1.6.1.4 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Window GlassFiltersFilters are used to f
36、ilter xenon arc lamp emissions ina simulation of sunlight filtered through window glass.9Table 2shows the relative spectral power distribution limits for xenonarcs filtered with window glass filters. The spectral powerdistribution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filters shallcomply with the requi
37、rements specified in Table 2.6.1.5 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Extended UVFiltersFilter that transmit more short wavelength UV aresometimes used to accelerate test result. Although this type offilter has been specified in some tests, they transmit significantradiant energy below 300 nm (th
38、e typical cut-on wavelengthfor terrestrial sunlight) and may result in aging processes notoccurring outdoors. The spectral irradiance for a xenon arcwith extended UV filters shall comply with the requirements ofTable 3.7Ketola, W., Skogland, T., Fischer, R., “Effects of Filter and BurnerAging on the
39、Spectral Power Distribution of Xenon Arc Lamps,” Durability Testing of Non-Metallic Materials, ASTM STP 1294, Robert Herling, Editor, ASTM, Philadelphia,1995.8Searle, N. D., Giesecke, P., Kinmonth, R., and Hirt, R. C., “ Ultraviolet SpectralDistributions and Aging Characteristics of Xenon Arcs and F
40、ilters,” Applied Optics,Vol. No. 8, 1964, pp. 923927.9Ketola, W., Robbins, J. S., “UV Transmission of Single Strength WindowGlass,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTMSTP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, Editors, ASTM, Philadelphia,1993.TABLE 1 Relative
41、Ultraviolet Spectral Power DistributionSpecification for Xenon Arc with Daylight FiltersA,BSpectral BandpassWavelength in nmMinimumPercentCBenchmark SolarRadiation PercentD,E,FMaximumPercentC 290 0.15290 # # 320 2.6 5.8 7.9320 # 360 28.3 40.0 40.0360 # 400 54.2 54.2 67.5AData in Table 1 are the irra
42、diance in the given bandpass expressed as apercentage of the total irradiance from 290 to 400 nm. The manufacturer isresponsible for determining conformance to Table 1. Annex A1 states how todetermine relative spectral irradiance.BThe data in Table 1 are based on the rectangular integration of 112 s
43、pectralpower distributions for water and air cooled xenon-arcs with daylight filters ofvarious lots and ages. The spectral power distribution data is for filters andxenon-burners within the aging recommendations of the device manufacturer. Theminimum and maximum data are at least the three sigma lim
44、its from the mean forall measurements.CThe minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % becausethey represent the minimum and maximum for the data used. For any individualspectral power distribution, the calculated percentage for the bandpasses in Table1 will sum to 100 %. For any i
45、ndividual xenon-lamp with daylight filters, thecalculated percentage in each bandpass must fall within the minimum andmaximum limits of Table 1. Test results can be expected to differ betweenexposures using xenon arc devices in which the spectral power distributions differby as much as that allowed
46、by the tolerances. Contact the manufacturer of thexenon-arc devices for specific spectral power distribution data for the xenon-arcand filters used.DThe benchmark solar radiation data is defined in ASTM G177 and is foratmospheric conditions and altitude chosen to maximize the fraction of shortwavele
47、ngth solar UV. This data is provided for comparison purposes only.EPrevious versions of this standard used solar radiation data from Table 4 of CIEPublication Number 85. See Appendix X4 for more information comparing thesolar radiation data used in this standard with that for CIE 85 Table 4.FFor the
48、 benchmark solar spectrum, the UV irradiance (290 to 400 nm) is 9.8 %and the visible irradiance (400 to 800 nm) is 90.2 % expressed as a percentage ofthe total irradiance from 290 to 800 nm. The percentages of UV and visibleirradiances on samples exposed in xenon arc devices may vary due to the numb
49、erand reflectance properties of specimens being exposed.TABLE 2 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power DistributionSpecification for Xenon-Arc with Window Glass FiltersA,BSpectral BandpassWavelength in nmMinimumPercentCWindow Glass FilteredSolar RadiationPercentD,E,FMaximumPercentC 300 0.0 0.29300 # # 320 0.1 # 0.5 2.8320 # 360 23.8 34.2 35.5360 # 400 62.5 65.3 76.1AData in Table 2 are the irradiance in the given bandpass expressed as apercentage of the total irradiance from 300 to 400 nm. The manufacturer isresponsible for determining conforma
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