ASTM G186-2005(2016) Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys《用于测定气体泄漏检测仪流体溶液是否会导致黄铜合金应力腐蚀.pdf

1、Designation: G186 05 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forDetermining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid SolutionsCan Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi

2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method forevaluating

3、 the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) tocause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components incompressed gas service.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided fo

4、r information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of

5、regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B135 Specification for Seamless Brass TubeB135M Specification for Seamless Brass Tube MetricD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterG1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-sion Test SpecimensG15 Terminology

6、 Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Test-ing (Withdrawn 2010)3G37 Practice for Use of Mattssons Solution of pH 7.2 toEvaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility ofCopper-Zinc AlloysG38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Ter

7、ms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Gas Leak Detector SolutionsAlso known as leakdetection fluids, leak detector solutions, bubble solutions, andsoap solutions, designated in this standard as LDFs, are fluidsused to detect leaks in pressurized gas systems by the forma-tion of bubbles at the leak site

8、.3.1.2 The terminology used herein, if not specifically de-fined otherwise, shall be in accordance with Terminology G15.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of three steps: The first stepconsists of running a sample of the test specimens to verify thatthey are susceptible to stress

9、 corrosion cracking using Matts-sons Solution (see Practice G37). The second step is to exposethe specimens to a solution that does not cause SCC to verifythat the test environment does not contain components that cancause SCC to brass. The third step is to test the LDF todetermine if it causes SCC

10、of the brass specimens within 15wetting and evaporation cycles.4.2 The specimen used in this test is a C-ring stressed tocreate at least 0.65 % strain in the outer fibers of the specimen.4.3 Macroscopic examination of the specimens is carriedout after every second wetting cycle and if cracking issus

11、pected the specimen is examined at higher magnificationsfor confirmation. Metallographic sectioning through thestressed area is used to verify minor cracking at the end of thefifteen cycles.4.4 LDFs that cause SCC in any specimens within 15wetting cycles are considered to have failed this test and n

12、otsuitable for use in pressurized gas systems with brass compo-nents.5. Significance and Use5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gasservice for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and manyother components. Although soft brass is not susceptible toammonia SCC, work-hardened brass

13、 is susceptible if itshardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale).Normal assembly of brass components should not inducesufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 onCorrosion of Metals and is the direct r

14、esponsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 onEnvironmentally Assisted Cracking.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as G186 05 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/G0186-05R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www

15、.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba

16、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening ofthe components will render them susceptible to SCC, and theproblem becomes more severe in older components that havebeen tightened many times. In this test, the

17、specimens areobtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond theelastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurizedsystems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs areusually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that wil

18、l formbubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia orother agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage canoccur to the system that will compromise its safety andintegrity.5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do notcause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of t

19、hese productsdoes not compromise the integrity of the pressure containingsystem.5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessarybefore SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosionprocess results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in theelectrolyte. Therefore, adding copper

20、 metal and cuprous oxide(Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process ifagents that cause SCC are present. However, adding thesecomponents to a solution that does not cause SCC will notmake stressed brass crack.5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimenfollowed by a drying

21、 period causes the components in thesolution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate ofcracking. This also simulates service where a system may betested many times during its life. These features of the testmethod accelerate the test and allow an answer to be obtainedmore rapidly.5.6 This

22、 test method applies only to brasses. Successfulpassage of this test does not assure that the LDF will beacceptable for use on other alloy systems such as stainlesssteels or aluminum alloys.6. Interferences6.1 When conducting this test, it is very important that theair not be contaminated with ammon

23、ia vapors. Reagent bottleswith ammonium hydroxide or other tests that involve ammoniaor its compounds including amines must not be in the vicinityof these tests. This also includes Mattssons test solution.6.2 Cross contamination may result in false stress corrosioncracking results therefore concurre

24、nt exposure tests with dif-ferent leak detector solutions should be conducted in such away that any set of samples does not influence the results ofany of the other samples.6.3 In this test, the susceptibility of the C-ring specimens tocrack in a particular test solution can be affected by the tempe

25、rof the brass alloy; therefore, it is crucial that the C-rings befabricated from hard drawn temper brass tubing that meets theminimum specified hardness requirements.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagent grade cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and USP/FCCgrade glycerin (C3H8O3) conforming to specifications of the

26、committee on Analytical Reagents of the American ChemicalSociety, where such specifications are applicable,4shall beused.7.2 Fine pure copper powder with particle size 68 m shallbe used.7.3 Solutions using water shall be prepared using distilled ordeionized water conforming to the purity requirement

27、s ofSpecification D1193, Type IV reagent water.7.4 Leak detector solutions shall meet manufacturers speci-fications.7.5 Mattssons Solution shall be freshly prepared accordingto Practice G37.8. Hazards8.1 Consult Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for allchemicals both reagent and commercial before t

28、esting to gaina full understanding of any potential hazards.8.2 The test solutions present no undue safety hazard. It isrecommended, however, that appropriate personnel protectionequipment such as resistant gloves and shatterproof eyewearwith side shields be worn when the chemicals or specimens areh

29、andled.8.3 The solutions contain copper and are thus consideredpoisonous so they should not be ingested.8.4 Ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, in the Mattssons solu-tion has been reported to be allergenic. Repeated short-timeskin contact with the solution over extended periods of timeshould be avoided.8.5

30、 The fumes given off by the Mattssons test solutioncontain ammonia. The least detectable ammonia odor corre-sponds to a concentration of 50 ppm; 100 ppm can be toleratedfor several hours without serious disturbance; 700 ppm causesimmediate eye irritation; and greater than 5000 ppm can belethal. The

31、mixing and the actual testing with Mattssonssolution should therefore be run in a well-ventilated area.9. Test Solutions9.1 Control Solution (benign water solution)Add 2.5 g Cupowder and 2.5 g Cu2O to 1000 mL of H2O. Then add 10 mLof glycerin to solution. Shake solution vigorously to thor-oughly mix

32、 contents.9.2 Leak Detector SolutionsAdd 2.5 g Cu powder and2.5 g Cu2O to 1000 mL of each manufacturers solution to betested. Shake solutions vigorously to thoroughly mix contents.NOTE 1Some of the solids will settle out of the solutions in betweencycles, therefore, it is very important to shake the

33、 solutions vigorouslyprior to their use in the wetting cycle.4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BD

34、H Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.G186 05 (2016)210. Test Specimen10.1 Type and SizeAn unnotched C-ring in accordancewith Practice G38 shall be used (Fig. 1). C-rings shall have anouter diam

35、eter (OD) between 1.0 to 2.0 in. (25.4 to 50.8 mm)and thickness between 0.065 to 0.25 in. (1.65 to 6.4 mm).Widths shall be fixed at 0.75 in. (19.0 mm).10.2 Alloy Composition and TemperTest specimens shallbe fabricated from copper alloy (UNS C27200) seamless tubewith a H80 hard-drawn temper. The hard

36、 drawn temper shallhave a minimum hardness of 70 on the 30T Rockwell scalewhich corresponds to minimum tensile strength of 66 ksi(455 MPa). Refer to Specifications B135 and B135M for tubeinformation.10.3 Surface FinishSpecimens shall have a 120-grit fin-ish. Grind marks shall be in the circumferenti

37、al direction.10.4 Restraining HardwareNuts, bolts, and flat washersshall be made from a metal resistant to the chemicals used inthis test (for example, Type 316 stainless steel, UNS S31600).Insulation washers shall be made from a hard resistant materialto prevent relaxation of the stressed C-ring sp

38、ecimen (forexample, alumina). Refer to Fig. 1.10.5 Pre-test ConditionC-rings will be unstressed prior totesting.10.6 Stressing MethodConstant-strain stressing methodshall be used in stressing the C-rings (refer to Practice G38).Tensile stress will be introduced on the exterior of the ring bytighteni

39、ng a bolt centered on the diameter of the ring.10.7 Surface PreparationThe specimen surface should befree of oil, grease, and dirt. This usually entails cleaning withorganic solvent such as acetone followed by an alcohol rinse.NOTE 2Every precaution shall be taken to maintain the integrity of thesur

40、face after the final preparation.Avoid rough handling that could mar thesurface and handle with gloves to prevent fingerprinting and the transferof contaminants.11. Test Setup and Apparatus11.1 C-ring Test AssemblyIndividual C-ring specimensshall be placed apex down in a glass-fiber-wick covered dis

41、h(Fig. 2).11.2 Exposure DishThe individual dishes shall be madeout of a material that will not react with the chemicals beingused for the exposure (for example, glass, polystyrene, poly-carbonate). The required dish dimensions are 2.36- to 3.94-in.(60- to 100-mm) diameter and 0.59- to 0.79-in. (15-

42、to 20-mm)height.11.3 Wick MaterialBorosilicate glass wick material with afiber diameter of about 0.3 mil (8 m) shall be used.11.4 Number of SpecimensFive individual C-ring speci-men test assemblies will be used for each leak detector orcontrol solution to be tested.11.5 Test Assembly ArrangementIndi

43、vidual exposuredishes shall be laid out such that there is at least a 1.0 ft (305mm) separation between groups of specimens (Fig. 3). Thecontrol solution specimens shall always be positioned in thecenter of the test group.12. Calibration and Standardization12.1 When a new batch of specimens is to be

44、 used, it isnecessary to first test a representative number of C-rings fromthe batch with Mattssons solution.FIG. 1 C-ring SpecimenG186 05 (2016)312.2 Mattssons Solution test must produce cracking of thetest specimens before any further testing is carried out.FIG. 2 C-ring Specimen Ready for Exposur

45、e to Test SolutionFIG. 3 Arrangement and Spacing of Specimens for Multiple Solution TestingG186 05 (2016)412.3 If cracking is not produced during the predescribedMattssons solution test the following variables need to beverified before rejecting the batch of C-rings.12.3.1 Specimen material hardness

46、 shall exceed 70 HR 30T(Rockwell scale).12.3.2 Strain should be checked with a strain gauge ifhardness is sufficient.12.3.3 Mattssons solution should be checked to make sureit conforms to Practice G37.12.4 Follow steps in Annex A1 to test the C-rings inMattssons Solution.13. Air Conditions13.1 Tempe

47、ratureAir temperature shall be maintained in arange of 70 to 80F (21 to 27C) throughout the entire testduration.13.2 Relative HumidityPercent relative humidity of the airshall be maintained in a range of 15 to 60 % throughout theentire test cycle.13.3 Air Circulation:13.3.1 Air circulation is consid

48、ered to be very important totesting since it affects the rate at which the solutions lose waterby evaporation. Optimum conditions for air circulation havenot been established, but recommendations described in 13.3.2shall be considered.13.3.2 The most important consideration is to achievemoderate eva

49、poration of the test solutions in a 2-3 day timeperiod.13.3.3 Stagnant air conditions should be avoided.13.3.4 Testing in a ventilated enclosure may be required toachieve adequate circulation.NOTE 3Care should be taken to avoid overnight and weekend changesin operation of the laboratory heating, ventilation, and air conditioningequipment which could result in systematic excursions outside the desiredtemperature, humidity, and air circulation ranges.14. Procedure14.1 Leak detector fluid and control solutions are testedconcurrently. No Matts