1、Designation: G195 13G195 13aStandard Guide forConducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establishing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible materialsutil
3、izing the rotary platform abraser.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionInch-pound units are used when stating rotational speed and determining coating thickness.1.3 This standard does not purport
4、to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C501 Test
5、 Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber AbraserC1353 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform,Double-Head AbraserD1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface AbrasionD3389 Tes
6、t Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader)D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder CoatingsD3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall CoatingsD3884 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head
7、Method)D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber AbraserD4685 Test Method for Pile Fabric AbrasionD4712 Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible CoatingsD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)D5035 Test Method for Bre
8、aking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)D5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards in Nuclear Power PlantsD5146 Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural CoatingsD5324 Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural CoatingsD6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistan
9、ce of High Gloss CoatingsD7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)F362 Test Method for Determining the Erasability of Inked RibbonsF510 Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit Feed MethodF1344 S
10、pecification for Rubber Floor TileF1478 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Images Produced from Copiers and Printers (Taber Method)F1978 Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray Coatings by Using the Taber AbraserG40 Terminology Relating to Wear an
11、d Erosion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abraserwear testing instrument to evaluate abrasion resistance, also referred to as an abrader.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
12、ttee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.Current edition approved July 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2013. Published July 2013November 2013. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asG19508.13. DOI: 10.1520/G0195-13.10.1520/G0195-13A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.as
13、tm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what c
14、hanges have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the of
15、ficial document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 abrasion cyclein abrasion testing, one or more movements of the abradant across a material surface, or the materialsurface across the abradant, that permits a retur
16、n to its starting position. In the case of the rotary platform abraser test method, itconsists of one complete rotation of the turntable specimen platform.3.1.3 mila U.S. term referring to the imperial unit of measure of one one-thousandth of an inch (0.001 in.) referred toelsewhere in the world as
17、“one thou;” 1 mil = 25.4 microns.3.1.4 resurfaceprocedure of cleaning and refreshing the running surface of an abrasive wheel prior to use or during testing.3.2 For definitions of other wear terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology G40.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A specimen is abraded using rota
18、ry rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The testspecimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a vertical axis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. Oneabrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the other, inward towa
19、rd the center while a vacuum systemremoves wear debris generated during the test. The resulting abrasion marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area ofapproximately 30 cm2. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by various means which are described in Section 12.5. Significance and Use5.1 This te
20、st guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of material surfaces, and may be related to end-useperformance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, asmeasured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally
21、only one of several factors contributing to wear performance asexperienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life fromspecific abrasion data.5.2 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion may be affected by factors includi
22、ng test conditions; type of abradant;pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting or tension of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during thecourse
23、of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (i.e. (that is,become clogged) due to the pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abradingwheels should be resurfaced at regularly defined interva
24、ls. See Appendix X2.5.4 The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may be affected by the method of evaluation and influenced by thejudgment of the operator.6. Apparatus6.1 Rotary Platform Abraser, consisting of the elements described in 6.1.1 to 6.1.5 (see Fig. 1). Also referred to as a rot
25、aryplatform, double head (RPDH) abraser.6.1.1 Aturntable specimen platform, which is removable, that includes a rubber pad, clamp plate, centrally located threaded postand nut. When testing flexible specimens, the specimen platform will also include a clamping ring. The turntable shall be motordrive
26、n, and mounted so as to produce a circular surface travel of a flat specimen in the plane of its surface. The specimen platformshould rotate with no visible wobble. This can be checked with a dial indicator at the top outer edge of the platform to make sureit runs true within 0.5 mm.6.1.2 A motor ca
27、pable of rotating the turntable platform at a speed of either 72 6 2 rpm or 60 6 2 rpm.6.1.3 A pair of pivoted arms to which the abrasive wheels and accessory weights or counterweights are attached.6.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pickup nozzle to remove debris and abrasive particles from th
28、e specimen surfaceduring testing. The vacuum suction force shall be 13.7 kPa (139.7 cm of water column) or greater, as measured by a vacuumgagegauge at the vacuum pick-up nozzle port. The height of the vacuum pickup nozzle shall be adjustable, and the nozzle will havetwo 8 mm openings except in the
29、case of D1044 when 11 mm openings are specified. One opening shall be positioned betweenthe two wheels and over the wear path and the other placed diametrically opposite, with the distance between the axes of the twoopenings 76.0 6 1.0 mm.6.1.5 A counter to record the number of abrasion cycles (revo
30、lutions) made by the turntable platform.6.2 Abrasive Wheels,3 which are attached to the free end of the pivoted arms and are able to rotate freely about horizontalspindles.6.2.1 The wheels shall be 12.7 6 0.3 mm thick and have an external diameter of 51.9 6 0.5 mm when new, and in no case lessthan 4
31、4.4 mm. The abrasive wheels are either resilient or vitrified based, with both types of wheels consisting of hard particles3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you are awareof alternativ
32、e suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.G195 13a2embedded in a binder material and manufactured in different grades of abrasive quality. O
33、ther types of wheels, which do notinclude hard particles embedded in a binder material, may also be used (see X1.4).6.2.2 The internal faces of the abrasive wheels shall be 52.4 6 1.0 mm apart and the hypothetical line through the two spindlesshall be 19.05 6 0.3 mm away from the central axis of the
34、 turntable (see Fig. 2). The wheels should be spaced equally on bothsides from the wheel-mounting flange to the center of the specimen holder. The distance from the inside of the wheel mountingflange to the center of the specimen holder shall be 38.9 6 0.5 mm.6.2.3 When resting on the specimen, the
35、wheels will have a peripheral engagement with the surface of the specimen, thedirection of travel of the periphery of the wheels and of the specimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, and the anglesof travel of one wheel periphery being opposite to that of the other. Motion of the abr
36、asive wheels, in opposite directions, isprovided by rotation of the specimen and the associated friction therefrom.6.2.4 Prior to testing, ensure the expiration date has not passed for resilient wheels.6.3 Accessory Weights, can be attached to the pivoted arms to increase or decrease the force at wh
37、ich the wheel is pressedagainst the specimen, exclusive of the mass of the wheel itself. Commonly used masses are 250 6 1 g, 500 6 1 g, and 1000 61 g. Accessory weight references are per arm (not combined), and include the mass of the pivoted arm.6.4 Auxiliary Apparatus:6.4.1 Refacing disc, for resu
38、rfacing of resilient wheels. The refacing disc shall be 150 grit silicon carbide coated abrasiveproduct, approximately 102 mm diameter with a 7-mm center hole, such as type S-11 or equivalent.6.4.2 Refacing stone (for example, fine side of ST-113), for resurfacing of CS-10F3 resilient wheels when te
39、sting transparentmaterials.6.4.3 Wheel refacer, with a diamond tool for resurfacing vitrified wheels or correcting out of round wheels.6.4.4 A soft bristle brush, to remove loose particles from the surface of the specimen after testing.6.4.5 Specimen mounting cards, approximately 108 mm round or squ
40、are with a 7-mm center hole and one side coated withpressure sensitive adhesive to secure specimens.FIG. 1 Rotary Platform AbraserG195 13a37. Specimen Preparation7.1 MaterialsIt is the intent of this test guide to allow for the abrasion testing of any material form, provided it is essentiallyflat. T
41、he field of application is varied and includes solid materials, metals, plastics, coated surfaces (for example, paint, lacquer,electroplated), textiles (ranging from sheer silks to heavy upholstery), leather, rubber, linoleum, and the rest.7.1.1 Accepted industry practice should be employed for spec
42、imen preparation. Specific recommendations for specimenpreparation may be available from theASTM subcommittee responsible for that material. Selection and use should be agreed uponbetween the interested parties.7.2 Specimen ThicknessThe standard material thickness that can be evaluated with the rota
43、ry platform abraser is 6.35 mm orless.NOTE 1For materials thicker than 6.35 mm but less than 12.7 mm, an extension nut such as type S-213 or equivalent may be used. Alternatively,an arm height extension kit3 will permit testing of specimens up to 40 mm.7.3 Specimen SizeThe width of the resulting wea
44、r path is 12.7 mm, and is located 31.75 mm from the center of the specimen.The size of the specimen may vary depending on the material being evaluated:7.3.1 For most rigid materials, a sample approximately 100 mm square is recommended with a 6.5 mm diameter center hole.7.3.2 Flexible specimens are t
45、ypically circular and require the use of the clamp ring. If a mounting card is used, the specimenshould be approximately 105 mm in diameter with a 6.5 mm diameter center hole. If no mounting card is used, an approximately135 mm specimen is required such that the clamp ring will grip overlapped mater
46、ial. The specimen should include a 6.5 mmdiameter hole in the center of the specimen. A sample cutter or die has been found useful for preparing flexible specimens.7.4 Mounting CardCertain flexible specimens may wrinkle or shift during testing. To prevent this, a mounting card with apressure sensiti
47、ve adhesive may be used. Prior to adhering, clean the back of the specimen with a soft bristle brush to remove anyloose debris. Position the specimen on the card such that the specimen is free of folds, creases, or wrinkles and the center holesalign.FIG. 2 Central Axis of the TurntableG195 13a48. Pr
48、eparation and Set-Up of Apparatus8.1 The following set-up parameters are dependent on the type of material being evaluated and shall be agreed upon by theinterested parties. See Appendix X1 for guidance.8.1.1 Selection of WheelsAbrasive wheels manufactured in different grades are commercially availa
49、ble.38.1.2 Vacuum SuctionThe vacuum suction force should be adjusted to lift the abraded particles, but not lift the specimen.8.1.3 Vacuum Pickup NozzleThe gap between the vacuum pickup nozzle and the specimen surface should be adjusted afterthe specimen has been mounted.Agap of 7 6 1 mm has been found to be sufficient for most materials. On certain rigid materials,a setting of 3 6 1 mm has been found to be more effective.8.1.4 Abrading Wheel LoadingThe mass selected should permit a minimum number of abrasion cycles (i.e. (for example, 150)before the end of the t
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