ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:35 ,大小:306KB ,
资源ID:540524      下载积分:5000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-540524.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(ASTM G197-2014 Standard Table for Reference Solar Spectral Distributions Direct and Diffuse on 20&deg Tilted and Vertical Surfaces《太阳光光谱分布参考标准表 20倾角和垂直标准的直射和漫射》.pdf)为本站会员(bonesoil321)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

ASTM G197-2014 Standard Table for Reference Solar Spectral Distributions Direct and Diffuse on 20&deg Tilted and Vertical Surfaces《太阳光光谱分布参考标准表 20倾角和垂直标准的直射和漫射》.pdf

1、Designation: G197 14Standard Table forReference Solar Spectral Distributions: Direct and Diffuseon 20 Tilted and Vertical Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi

2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis table of solar spectral irradiance distributions has been developed to meet the need forweighti

3、ng functions to be used in evaluating the broadband transmittance of fenestration systems orthe performance of technologies such as building-integrated photovoltaic devices. To compare therelative optical performance of spectrally sensitive products by theoretical simulation, or to comparethe perfor

4、mance of products by actual testing under laboratory conditions, separate reference standardsolar spectral distributions for direct and diffuse irradiance are required. This table was prepared usingversion 2.9.2 of the Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine (SMARTS)atmospheri

5、c transmission code (1, 2).2SMARTS uses parameterizations of version 4.0 of the AirForce Geophysical Laboratory (AFGL) Moderate Resolution Transmission model, MODTRAN (3, 4).An extraterrestrial spectrum differing only slightly from the extraterrestrial spectrum in ASTM E490is used to calculate the r

6、esultant spectra. The directional beam and diffuse hemispherical (2 steradianacceptance angle) spectral irradiances on planes tilted 20 (representative of a pitched roof slope) and90 (tilt of a typical wall) to the horizontal are tabulated. The wavelength range for the spectra extendsfrom 280 nm to

7、4000 nm, covering the spectral range for which windows or solar collectors respondto shortwave energy. The input parameters used in conjunction with SMARTS for each set ofconditions are tabulated. The SMARTS model and documentation are available as an adjunct to thisstandard.1. Scope1.1 This table p

8、rovides terrestrial solar spectral irradiancedistributions that may be employed as weighting functions to(1) calculate the broadband solar or light transmittance offenestration from its spectral properties; or (2) evaluate theperformance of building-integrated technologies such as pho-tovoltaic elec

9、tricity generators. Most of these systems areinstalled on vertical walls, but some are also installed onpitched roofs or on other tilted structures, such as sunspaces.Glazing transmittance calculations or measurements requireinformation on both the direct and diffuse components ofirradiance. The tab

10、le provides separate information for directand diffuse irradiance, and for two different tilt angles, 20 and90 relative to the horizontal. All distributions are provided at2002 wavelengths within the spectral range 2804000 nm. Thedata contained in this table reflect reference spectra withuniform wav

11、elength interval (0.5 nanometer (nm) below 400nm, 1 nm between 400 and 1700 nm, an intermediate wave-length at 1702 nm, and 5 nm intervals from 1705 to 4000 nm).The data table represents reasonable cloudless atmosphericconditions favorable for the computerized simulation, com-parative rating, or exp

12、erimental testing of fenestration systems.1.2 The data contained in this table were generated using theSMARTS version 2.9.2 atmospheric transmission model de-veloped by Gueymard (1, 2).1.3 The selection of the SMARTS radiative model togenerate the spectral distributions is chosen for compatibilitywi

13、th previous standards (ASTM G173 and G177). The atmo-spheric and climatic conditions are identical to those in ASTMG173. The environmental conditions are also identical, withonly one exception (see sections 4.3 and X1.2).1.4 The table defines four solar spectral irradiance distribu-tions:1.4.1 Separ

14、ate direct and diffuse solar spectral irradianceincident on a sun-facing, 20 tilted surface in the wavelengthregion from 2804000 nm for air mass 1.5, at sea level.1These tables are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G03 on Weatheringand Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte

15、e G03.09 onRadiometry.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014 Last previousedition published 2012 as G19708(2012). DOI: 10.1520/G0197-14.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo

16、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.4.2 Separate direct and diffuse solar spectral irradianceincident on a sun-facing, 90 (vertical) tilted surface in thewavelength region from 2804000 nm for air mass 1.5, at sealevel.1.5 The diffuse spectral distribution on a ver

17、tical surfacefacing away from the sun (i.e., shaded), or at any prescribedazimuth away from the sun, may be computed using the modelto obtain representative results (i.e., results that fall within anacceptable range of variance).1.6 The climatic, atmospheric, and geometric parametersselected reflect

18、 the conditions to provide a realistic set ofspectral distributions appropriate for building applicationsunder very clear-sky conditions, representative of near-maximum solar heat gains in buildings.1.7 A wide variety of orientations or local environmentalconditions is possible for exposed surfaces.

19、 The availability ofthe SMARTS model (as an adjunct to this standard) used togenerate the standard spectra allows users to evaluate spectraldifferences relative to the spectra specified here.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E490 Standard Solar Constant and Zero Air Mass SolarSpectral Irrad

20、iance TablesE772 Terminology of Solar Energy ConversionG173 Tables for Reference Solar Spectral Irradiances: DirectNormal and Hemispherical on 37 Tilted SurfaceG177 Tables for Reference Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Distri-butions: Hemispherical on 37 Tilted Surface2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ADJG173CDSMARTS, Si

21、mple Model of the Atmo-spheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine, Terrestrial SolarSpectral Modeling Code43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms used in this specifica-tion not otherwise described below may be found in Terminol-ogy E772.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.

22、1 aerosol optical depth (AOD)the wavelength-dependent total extinction (scattering and absorption) by aero-sols in the atmosphere. This optical depth (also called “opticalthickness”) is defined here at 500 nm.3.2.2 air mass zero (AM0)describes solar radiation quan-tities outside the Earths atmospher

23、e at the mean Earth-Sundistance (1 Astronomical Unit). See ASTM E490.3.2.3 albedoalso called reflectance, a measure of thereflective characteristics of a surface relative to incidentirradiance.3.2.3.1 DiscussionFor this standard, the albedo refers tothe spectral reflectance of the ground relative to

24、 hemisphericalirradiance. Two different albedos are considered by the model,and both only affect diffuse irradiance. The first albedocorresponds to the average surface reflectance of the far-fieldarea around the site, within a radius of 550 km. The secondalbedo is that of the foreground (or near-fie

25、ld) immediatelyadjacent to the tilted surface, to a distance of 10100 m. Thetwo albedos can be identical or different, but the foregroundalbedos effect significantly increases with tilt angle, whereasthe far-field albedos effect on diffuse irradiance decreases withtilt angle.3.2.4 integrated irradia

26、nce E1-2spectral irradiance inte-grated over a specific wavelength interval from 1to 2,measured in Wm-2; mathematically:E12252*1Ed (1)3.2.5 shadingcondition that results in partial obscurationof the sky, including the sun or not.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFor this standard, no shading of the skyis considered

27、. However, the standard also applies to caseswhen the 20 or 90 tilted surfaces are shaded from the sunonly, due to their relative geometry or other circumstances.This cancels the direct irradiance component, so that the totalhemispherical irradiance reduces to the diffuse component.3.2.6 solar irrad

28、iance, spectral Esolar irradiance E perunit wavelength interval at a given wavelength (unit: Wattsper square meter per nanometer, Wm-2nm-1)E5dEd(2)3.2.7 spectral intervalthe distance in wavelength unitsbetween adjacent spectral irradiance data points.3.2.8 spectral passbandthe effective wavelength i

29、ntervalwithin which spectral irradiance is allowed to pass, as througha filter or monochromator. The convolution integral of thespectral passband (normalized to unity at maximum) and theincident spectral irradiance produces the effective transmittedirradiance.3.2.8.1 DiscussionSpectral passband may

30、also be referredto as the spectral bandwidth of a filter or device. Passbands areusually specified as the interval between wavelengths at whichone half of the maximum transmission of the filter or deviceoccurs, or as full-width at half-maximum, FWHM.3.2.9 spectral resolutionthe minimum wavelength di

31、ffer-ence between two wavelengths that can be identified unam-biguously.3.2.9.1 DiscussionIn the context of this standard, thespectral resolution is simply the interval, , between spectraldata points, or the spectral interval.3.2.10 spectral solar irradiance, diffuse Edon a givenplane, the solar rad

32、iant flux at wavelength received fromwithin the 2 steradian field of view of a tilted plane from theportion of the sky dome and the foreground included in theplanes field of view, excluding direct solar radiation.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu

33、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available on CD-ROM from ASTM International Headquarters. Order AdjunctNo. ADJG173CD.G197 1423.2.11 spectral solar irradiance, direct EDon a givenp

34、lane, the solar radiant flux at wavelength received directlyfrom the sun, excluding diffuse solar radiation.3.2.11.1 DiscussionIn practice, instruments measuring di-rect solar irradiance have a larger acceptance angle than theapparent diameter of the sun. Consequently, it is virtuallyimpossible to m

35、easure EDwithout the contribution of diffuseradiation emanating from the suns aureole. This contributionis referred to as “circumsolar radiation.” Contrarily to ASTMG173, the data in Table 3 use the ideal definition of directirradiance, and therefore ignore the circumsolar contribution.The sum of di

36、rect and diffuse irradiance is the hemisphericalsolar irradiance, EH.3.2.12 total ozonethe depth of a column of pure ozoneequivalent to the total of the ozone in a vertical column fromthe ground to the top of the atmosphere. (unit: atmosphere-cm)3.2.13 total precipitable waterthe depth of a column o

37、fwater (with a section of 1 cm2) equivalent to the condensedwater vapor in a vertical column from the ground to the top ofthe atmosphere. (unit: cm or g/cm2)3.2.14 wavenumbera unit of frequency, , in units ofreciprocal centimeters (symbol cm-1) commonly used in placeof wavelength, (units of length,

38、typically nanometers). Toconvert wavenumbers to nanometers, nm = 1107/ cm-1.4. Technical Bases for the Tables4.1 These tables are modeled data generated using an airmass zero (AM0) spectrum based on the extraterrestrial spec-trum of Gueymard (1, 2) derived from Kurucz (5), the UnitedStates Standard

39、Atmosphere of 1976 (USSA) reference Atmo-sphere (6), the Shettle and Fenn rural aerosol profile (7), andthe SMARTS version 2.9.2 radiative transfer code. Furtherdetails are provided in ASTM G173.4.2 The 20 tilted surface closely represents the geometry ofpitched roofs or tilted glazed structures, wh

40、ich are commonelements of buildings. The 90 (vertical) surface represents thenorm for building walls.4.3 The tabulated diffuse irradiance is a combination ofscattered irradiance from the sky and reflected irradiance fromfar-field and near-field ground surfaces. Dry soil conditionshave been chosen fo

41、r both surfaces. This is a darker, lessreflective surface than what was used in ASTM G173 or G177.4.4 The documented USSA atmospheric profiles utilized inthe MODTRAN spectral transmission model (6) have beenused to provide atmospheric properties and concentrations ofabsorbers.4.5 To provide spectral

42、 data with a uniform spectral stepsize, the AM0 spectrum used in conjunction with SMARTS togenerate the terrestrial spectrum is slightly different from theASTM extraterrestrial spectrum, ASTM E490. Because ASTME490 and SMARTS both use the data of Kurucz (5), theSMARTS and E490 spectra are in excelle

43、nt agreement al-though they do not have the same spectral resolution.4.6 The current spectra reflect improved knowledge ofatmospheric aerosol optical properties, transmission properties,and radiative transfer modeling (8).4.7 The terrestrial solar spectral in the tables have beencomputed with a spec

44、tral bandwidth equivalent to the spectralresolution of the tables, namely 0.5 nm to 5 nm (see 1.1).4.8 The SMARTS model code and documentation is avail-able as an adjunct standard. Request ASTM Stock numberADJG173CD.5. Significance and Use5.1 This standard does not purport to address the meanspectra

45、l irradiance incident on tilted or vertical fenestration orbuilding-integrated systems over a day, a season, or a year. Thespectral irradiance distributions have been chosen to representa reasonable near-upper limit for solar radiation when thesesystems are exposed to clear-sky conditions similar to

46、 thoseused to calculate solar heat loads of buildings. The diffusespectral irradiance distributions can also be used to representconditions when these systems are shaded from the direct sun.5.2 Absorptance, reflectance, and transmittance of solarradiation are important factors in studies of light tr

47、ansmissionthrough semi-transparent plates. These properties are normallyfunctions of wavelength, which require that the spectral distri-bution of the solar flux be known before the solar-weightedproperty can be calculated.5.3 To compare the relative performance of competitiveproducts by computerized

48、 simulations, or to compare theperformance of products subjected to experimental tests inlaboratory conditions, a reference standard solar spectral dis-tribution for both direct and diffuse irradiance is desirable.5.4 The table provides appropriate standard spectral irradi-ance distributions for det

49、ermining the relative optical perfor-mance of semi-transparent materials and other systems. Thetable may be used to evaluate components and materials for thepurpose of solar simulation where the direct and the diffusespectral solar irradiances are needed separately.5.5 The selected air mass value of 1.5 for a plane-parallelatmosphere above a flat earth corresponds to a zenith angle of48.19. The SMARTS2 computation of air mass accounts foratmospheric curvature and the vertical density profile ofmolecules

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1