1、Designation: G 56 82 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forAbrasiveness of Ink-Impregnated Fabric Printer Ribbons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 56; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-siveness of ink-impregnated fabric printer ribbons by means ofa
3、 sliding wear test.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
4、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Ero
5、sion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasive wear coeffcient (for a ribbon)a measure ofthe ability of the ribbon to wear surfaces with which it comesin contact. The larger the value, the greater the ability to causewear. The abrasive wear coefficient determined
6、 by this methodis directly proportional to the volume of material removed fromthe steel sphere in the test.3.2 For additional terms pertinent to this test method, seeTerminology G 40.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A ribbon specimen is wrapped around the cylindricalsurface of a drum. A hardened steel s
7、phere is pressed againstthe ribbon surface. While the drum rotates about its axis, thesteel sphere is slowly moved in an axial direction across thesurface of the ribbon (Note 1). After a specified amount ofsliding has occurred, the test is stopped and the volume ofmaterial removed from the steel sph
8、ere is determined. Thisvolume is then used to compute an abrasive wear coefficient forthe ribbon specimen.NOTE 1These two motions ensure that the unused ribbon is continu-ally supplied to the contact area of the wear specimen; however, thecontact region usually contains a mixture of unused and used
9、ribbonsurface.5. Significance and Use25.1 This test method differentiates between ribbons on thebasis of their ability to cause wear on surfaces with which theycome in contact.6. Apparatus36.1 Ribbon Support SurfaceThe overall shape of thismember is that of a cylindrical drum 48 6 1 in. (12206 25mm)
10、 in diameter, concentric to within 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm)total run-out, and 8.25 + 0.25 0 in. (210+60mm)wide(see Fig. 1). The support surface is the cylindrical surface. Thissurface shall be rigid, made of metal (Note 2), and have a slotno greater than 0.020 in. (0.5 mm) in it so that the ends of the
11、ribbon may be fed through into the interior. The interior shallcontain a mechanism to uniformly provide tension to theribbon specimen. This member shall be able to rotate about itsaxis and provide a linear velocity at the surface of the ribbonof 321 6 6 in./s (8150 6 150 mm/s).NOTE 22024 aluminum wi
12、th a minimum thickness of 0.25 in. (6.35mm) is adequate. The roughness of this surface should not exceed 20 in.(0.5 m), CLA.6.2 Wear Specimen SupportThis member shall be able topress a rigidly mounted 0.25-in. (6.35-mm) diameter sphericalwear specimen against the ribbon surface and advance thespecim
13、en across the surface of the ribbon specimen in an axialdirection at a rate of 0.001 6 0.0001 in. (0.254 6 0.025 mm)per drum revolution (see Fig. 2). The mounting shall be of sucha construction that continual contact with the ribbon surface ismaintained with a normal load of 0.22 lb (this correspond
14、s tothe dead-weight load produced by a 100-g mass) between thewear specimen and ribbon surface and sufficiently rigid so thatno rotation occurs.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G02 on Erosionand Wear, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Wear.Current
15、 edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as G 56 82 (2000)e1.2Adiscussion of the wear process and the influence of various parameters on thewear can be found in Bayer, R. G., “Wear by Paper and Ribbon” Wear, Vol 49, 1
16、978,pp. 147168 and Bayer, R. G., “ Mechanism of Wear by Ribbon and Paper,” IBMJournal of Research and Development, Vol 22, No. 6, November 1978, pp. 6686743An implementation of the apparatus required is discussed in “Testing Machinefor the Evaluation of Wear by Paper,” available from ASTM Headquarte
17、rs as RR:G02-1000.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Materials7.1 Wear SpecimenThe wear specimens are commerciallyavailable hardened steel balls. The balls shall be made of AISI52100 steel with a characteristic hardne
18、ss of 730 to 760 HV at500 g and have a diameter of 0.25 6 0.002 in. (6.35 6 0.5mm). The surface roughness of the spheres shall be equal to orless than 2 in. (0.02 m) CLA.7.2 Ribbon SpecimenThe ribbon specimen(s) shall be ofsufficient length so that the circumference of the drum can becompletely cove
19、red and have enough length remaining so thatthe ends may be engaged by the internal tensioning device.This would require a specimen length in the range from 150 to200 in. (4000 to 5000 mm). The preferred width of a specimenis 8 in (200 mm); however, narrower specimens may beutilized provided a suffi
20、cient number is available to achieve atotal minimum sliding distance of 5.8 3 105in. (14.7 3 106mm) without reuse of the same sample. This is approximatelyan effective total specimen width of 4 in. (100 mm).8. Ambient Conditions8.1 The relative humidity and temperature under which thetest is conduct
21、ed shall be monitored and recorded. Themounted ribbon specimen shall be allowed to equilibrate for aminimum of1hattherelative humidity and temperature atwhich the test will be conducted.9. Procedure9.1 Put one end of the ribbon through the slot in the drumand fasten to the tension device. Then wrap
22、the ribbon aroundthe surface of the drum so that the outer surface of the ribbonis exposed. Feed the other end of the ribbon through the slotand fasten to the tension device.Apply sufficient tension so thatthe ribbon uniformly conforms to the surface of the drum andis held taut. Align the ribbon spe
23、cimen so that the wearspecimen does not contact or slide off the edges during thecourse of the test.9.2 After the wear specimen is mounted to the wear speci-men support, press the wear specimen against the surface of theribbon with a load of 100 g. Contact should be made near butnot with the edge of
24、 the ribbon.After the load has been applied,simultaneously start the axial motion of the specimen and therotation of the drum.9.3 For ribbon specimens of sufficient width, continue thesliding for a minimum of 30 min, or 5.8 3 105in. (14.7 3 106mm) of sliding, without coming in contact with the edge
25、of theribbon specimen. Then remove the wear specimen from thesurface while the drum is still rotating. Record the slidingduration.9.4 For narrower specimens for which this cannot be done,remove the wear specimen from the ribbon surface prior tocontacting the ribbon edge, while the drum is still rota
26、ting.Record the duration of sliding. Then stop the drum and pressthe wear specimen against a new ribbon specimen that has beenmounted on the drum and continue the sliding. Repeat thisprocess until the wear specimen has experienced a totalduration of sliding of at least 30 min.9.5 Total sliding durat
27、ion should equal or exceed 30 min,with longer durations being preferred since they generate morewear. In general, the sliding duration should be selected so thata measurable wear scar results. Typical sliding durations arefrom1to3h.9.6 After the wear specimen has accumulated the desiredamount of sli
28、ding and has been removed from contact with theribbon, clean it with a suitable solvent. Determine the volumeof material removed from the wear specimen. Any techniquefor determining the volume may be used provided it has thecapability of measuring volumes in the range of 5 3 108in.3(106cm3).Asuggest
29、ed method for determining the volume isdescribed in Appendix X1.10. Calculations10.1 The dimensionless abrasive wear coefficient for theribbon, K, is obtained from the following equation:K 5 1.5 3 104s/in.33Vtwhere:V = volume of wear, in.3t = total duration of sliding, sThe higher the value of K, th
30、e more abrasive is the ribbon.Metric Equivalentsin. 0.020 0.25 1 8.25 48mm 0.51 6.35 25.4 210 1220FIG. 1 Ribbon Support SurfaceFIG. 2 Test MotionG 56 82 (2005)210.2 This equation is developed from the following wearrelationship:V 5 KPx/Hmwhere:P = normal load,x = total distance of sliding, andHm = d
31、iamond pyramid hardness of the wear specimen.11. Report11.1 When the wear coefficient for a ribbon is stated, therelative humidity and temperature conditions under which itwas obtained shall be given.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and accuracy of this test method arestrongly influenced by
32、the precision and accuracy to which thewear volume can be determined. Repeated tests with the samewear apparatus on controlled ribbon samples have generallyresulted in standard deviations of 5 to 25 %, when the volumemeasurement technique described in the appendix is used.Interlaboratory tests with
33、similar apparatus have indicated thatthe reproducibility of values is within 25 %.413. Keywords13.1 abrasiveness; abrasive wear coefficient; fabric ribbons;ink-inpregnatedAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DETERMINATION OF WEAR VOLUMEX1.1 One method for determining the wear volume, V,isby the use
34、 of a surface profilometer, such as a Talysurf.5Insuch a case, an initial reference profilometer trace is taken ofthe unworn wear specimen. After the test, two profilometertraces through the middle of the wear scar are taken. Thesetraces must extend into the unworn areas of either side of thewear ar
35、ea. One trace is taken in a direction parallel to thesliding direction, the other, perpendicular. The wear volume isthen determined by comparison of the reference profile to theworn profiles.X1.2 This comparison is illustrated in Fig. X1.1. The wearvolume V8 obtained from such a comparison is determ
36、ined bythe following equation:V8 5 1.0472 H20.3750 2 H! 1 1.5708 T A11 A2!where:H = height of the cap indicated in Fig. X1.1, in.,T = base of the cap in Fig. X1.1, in., andA1and A2= measured areas of the triangular regionindicated in Fig. X1.1, in.2. (See NoteX1.1.)NOTE X1.1A1and A2may be determined
37、 by any convenient method.Some methods that may be used are: approximating these regions by asimple geometrical shape whose areas are known; by the use of aplanimeter, or by determining the number of unit squares contained in theregions. In each of these cases the area as measured must be converted
38、bydividing it by the product of the magnifications in the horizontal andvertical direction to give the actual values of the area.X1.3 The volume, V, used for the calculation of the ribbonwear constant, is the average of the volumes determined for theparallel. V|8 and perpendicular measurement, V|ny8
39、, as follows:V 5V|8 1 V8!/24Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr HarborDrive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Request RR: G02-1002.5The term “Talysurf” and the Talysurf logo are trademarks of Taylor-HobsonLtd., 1725 Western Drive West, Chicago, IL 60185FIG. X1.1 Wear Determina
40、tionG 56 82 (2005)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
41、of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
42、 additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
43、to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).G 56 82 (2005)4
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