1、Designation: NACE/ASTM G193 10aStandard Terminology and Acronyms Relating toCorrosion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology and acronyms standard covers anddefines commonly used terms and acronyms in the field ofcorrosion. Related terms may be found in Terminologies D16,D4538, G40, or other ASTM terminology standards.1.2 This terminology and acrony
3、ms standard is a result of anagreement between NACE International and ASTM Interna-tional Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and may notreflect the opinions of other ASTM committees.1.3 In this terminology and acronyms standard, brackets areused for directives that follow a definition and are obvi
4、ouslynot part of it, such as, “see XXX” and “also known asXXX.” Brackets can also indicate the field of application orcontext of the definition or acronym.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD2583 Test Method for Indentati
5、on Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating andLining Work for Power Generation FacilitiesG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 NACE Standards:2NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP 5 White Metal Blast CleaningNACE No. 2/SSPC-SP10 Near-White Met
6、al Blast CleaningNACE No. 3/SSPC-SP 6 Commercial Blast CleaningNACE No. 4/SSPC-SP 7 Brush-Off Blast Cleaning2.3 SSPC Surface Preparation Standards:3SSPC-SP 1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-SP 2 Hand Tool CleaningSSPC-SP 3 Power Tool CleaningSSPC-SP 8 Pickling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:abrasion resistanceth
7、e ability of a coating to resist beingworn away and to maintain its original appearance andstructure when subjected to rubbing, scraping, or wear.abrasivea solid substance that, owing to its hardness,toughness, size, shape, consistency, or other properties, issuitable for grinding, cutting, rougheni
8、ng, polishing, orcleaning a surface by friction or high-velocity impact.abrasive blast cleaningcleaning and roughening of a sur-face produced by the high-velocity impact of an abrasive thatis propelled by the discharge of pressurized fluid from a blastnozzle or by a mechanical device such as a centr
9、ifugalblasting wheel. also referred to as abrasive blastingabrasive blastingsee abrasive blast cleaning.acceleratora chemical substance that increases the rate atwhich a chemical reaction (e.g., curing) would otherwiseoccur.AC impedancesee electrochemical impedance.acrylictype of resin polymerized f
10、rom acrylic acid, meth-acrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile.activatora chemical substance that initiates a chemicalreaction (e.g., curing). Heat and radiation may also serve asactivators for some chemical reactions.active(1) a state of a metal surface that is corroding withoutsignif
11、icant influence of reaction product; (2) the negativedirection of electrode potential.active-passive cellan electrochemical cell in which theanode is a metal in the active state and the cathode is thesame metal in the passive state.1This terminology and acronyms standard is under the jurisdiction of
12、 NACE/ASTM Committee J01, Joint Committee on Corrosion, and is the direct responsi-bility of Subcommittee J01.02, Working Group on Terminology.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as G19310. DOI:10.1520/G0193-
13、10A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM Web site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM Web site. For NACE standards, visit the NACE Web site, www.nace.
14、org,or contact NACE FirstService at firstservicenace.org.3Available from The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6thFloor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.1 NACE International/ASTM International 2010 All rights reservedadduct curing agenta material that is formed by pr
15、ereactingthe curing agent with a portion of the resin component of thecoating.adhesionthe state in which two surfaces are held together byinterfacial forces, which may consist of chemical or inter-locking forces, or both.aeration cellsee differential aeration cell.air dryingprocess by which an appli
16、ed wet coat converts toa dry coating film by evaporation of solvent or reaction withoxygen as a result of simple exposure to air withoutintentional addition of heat or a curing agent.airless sprayingprocess of spraying coating liquids usinghydraulic pressure, not air pressure, to atomize.alkydtype o
17、f resin formed by the reaction of polyhydricalcohols and polybasic acids, part of which is derived fromsaturated or unsaturated oils or fats.alligatoringpronounced wide cracking over the surface of acoating, which has the appearance of alligator hide.amphoteric metala metal that is susceptible to co
18、rrosion inboth acidic and alkaline environments.anaerobicabsence of air or free (molecular) oxygen.anchor patternsee surface profile.aniona negatively charged ion.anodethe electrode of an electrochemical cell at whichoxidation occurs. (Electrons flow away from the anode in theexternal circuit. It is
19、 usually the electrode where corrosionoccurs and metal ions enter solution.)anode capan electrical insulating material placed over theend of the anode at the lead wire connection.anode corrosion efficiencythe ratio of the actual corrosion(mass loss) of an anode to the theoretical corrosion (massloss
20、) calculated from the quantity of electricity that haspassed between the anode and cathode using Faradays law.anodic inhibitora corrosion inhibitor whose primary actionis to reduce the rate of the anodic reaction, producing apositive shift in corrosion potential.anodic polarization(1) the change of
21、electrode potentialcaused by an anodic current flowing across the electrode/electrolyte interface; (2) a forced noble (positive) shift inelectrode potential. See polarization.anodic protectiona technique to reduce the corrosion rate ofa metal surface by polarizing that surface to a more oxidizingpot
22、ential.anodizingan electrochemical oxidation process that con-verts the surface of a metal (such as aluminum or titanium)to an oxide coating.anolytethe electrolyte adjacent to the anode of an electro-chemical cell.antifoulingpreventing fouling. See fouling.atmospheric zonethe portion of a marine str
23、ucture thatextends upward from the splash zone and is exposed to sun,wind, water spray, and rain.attenuationelectrical losses in a conductor caused by cur-rent flow in the conductor.Auger electron spectroscopyanalytical technique in whichthe sample surface is irradiated with low-energy electronsand
24、the energy spectrum of electrons emitted from thesurface is measured.austenitethe face-centered cubic crystalline phase of iron oriron-based alloys.auxiliary electrodesee counter electrode.backfillmaterial placed in a hole to fill the space around theanodes, vent pipe, and buried components of a cat
25、hodicprotection system.Barcol hardnessa hardness value obtained by measuring theresistance of rubbers, plastics, or coatings to indentation bya steel impressor under spring load in accordance with TestMethod D2583.barrier coating(1) a coating that has a high resistance topermeation of liquids and/or
26、 gases; (2) a coating that isapplied over a previously coated surface to prevent damageto the underlying coating during subsequent handling.beach marksthe characteristic markings on the fracturesurfaces produced by fatigue crack propagation. also knownas arrest marks, clamshell marks, and conchoidal
27、 marksbeta curvea plot of dynamic (fluctuating) interferencecurrent or related proportional voltage (ordinate) versus thecorresponding structure-to-electrolyte potentials at a se-lected location on the affected structure (abscissa).binderthe nonvolatile portion of the vehicle of a formulatedcoating
28、material.bituminous coatingan asphalt or coal-tar compound used toprovide a protective coating for a surface.blast angle(1) the angle of the blast nozzle with reference tothe surface during abrasive blast cleaning; (2) the angle ofthe abrasive particles propelled from a centrifugal blastingwheel wit
29、h reference to the surface being abrasive blastcleaned.blistera dome-shaped projection on the surface of a coatingresulting from the local loss of adhesion and lifting of thefilm from an underlying coat or from the base substrate.bloomingsee blushing.blowdown(1) the injection of air or water under h
30、ighpressure through a tube to the anode area for the purpose ofpurging the annular space and possibly correcting highresistance caused by gas blockage cathodic protection use;(2) the process of discharging a significant portion of theaqueous solution in order to remove accumulated salts,deposits, an
31、d other impurities boiler or cooling water toweruse.blushingwhitening and loss of gloss of a coating, usuallyorganic, caused by moisture. also known as bloomingbracelet anodea galvanic anode with geometry suitable fordirect attachment around the circumference of a pipeline.This may be a half-shell b
32、racelet consisting of two semicir-cular sections or a segmented bracelet consisting of a largenumber of individual sections.breakdown potentialthe least noble potential at whichNACE/ASTM G193 10a2 NACE International/ASTM International 2010 All rights reservedpitting or crevice corrosion, or both, wi
33、ll initiate andpropagate in a specific environment.brittle fracturefracture with little or no plastic deformation.brush-off blast cleaned surfacean abrasive blast cleanedsteel surface that is free of all visible contaminants andforeign matter but may have some tightly adherent millscale, rust, or co
34、ating. See NACE No. 4/SSPC-SP 7 fordetailed specification.calcareous coatinga layer consisting of calcium carbonateand other salts deposited on the surface. When the surface iscathodically polarized as in cathodic protection, this layer isthe result of the increased pH adjacent to the protectedsurfa
35、ce.calcareous depositsee calcareous coating.case hardeninghardening a ferrous alloy so that the outerportion, or case, is made substantially harder than the innerportion, or core. Typical processes are carburizing, cyanid-ing, carbonitriding, nitriding, induction hardening, and flamehardening.casein
36、 paintwater-thinned paint with vehicle derived frommilk.catalysta chemical substance, usually present in smallamounts relative to the reactants, that increases the rate atwhich a chemical reaction (e.g., curing) would otherwiseoccur, but is not consumed in the reaction.cathodethe electrode of an ele
37、ctrochemical cell at whichreduction is the principal reaction. (Electrons flow towardthe cathode in the external circuit.)cathodic corrosioncorrosion of a metal when it is a cathode,usually caused by the reaction of an amphoteric metal withthe alkaline products of electrolysis.cathodic disbondmentth
38、e destruction of adhesion betweena coating and the coated surface caused by products of acathodic reaction.cathodic inhibitora corrosion inhibitor whose primary ac-tion is to reduce the rate of the cathodic reaction, producinga negative shift in corrosion potential.cathodic polarization(1) the chang
39、e of electrode potentialcaused by a cathodic current flowing across the electrode/electrolyte interface; (2) a forced active (negative) shift inelectrode potential. See polarization.cathodic protectiona technique to reduce the corrosion rateof a metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an
40、electrochemical cell.catholytethe electrolyte adjacent to the cathode of anelectrochemical cell.cationa positively charged ion.caustic crackingcracking of a metal or alloy under thecombined action of tensile stress and corrosion in thepresence of a strongly basic solution (e.g., sodium hydrox-ide, p
41、otassium hydroxide).caustic embrittlementan obsolete term referring to causticcracking.cavitationthe formation and rapid collapse of cavities orbubbles of vapor or gas within a liquid resulting frommechanical or hydrodynamic forces.cavitation-corrosionthe conjoint action of cavitation andcorrosion.c
42、avitation damagethe degradation of a solid body resultingfrom its exposure to cavitation. (This may include loss ofmaterial, surface deformation, or changes in properties orappearance.)cavitation-erosionthe conjoint action of cavitation and ero-sion.cellsee electrochemical cell.cementationthe introd
43、uction of one or more elements intothe surface layer of a metal or alloy by diffusion at hightemperature. (Examples of cementation include carburizingintroduction of carbon, nitriding introduction of nitrogen,and chromizing introduction of chromium.)chalkingthe development of loose, removable powder
44、 (pig-ment) at the surface of an organic coating, usually caused byweathering.checkingthe development of slight breaks in a coating thatdo not penetrate to the underlying surface.chemical conversion coatingan adherent, reaction-productlayer on a metal surface formed in situ by reaction with asuitabl
45、e chemical, used for protective, decorative, or func-tional purposes. (It is often used to provide greater corrosionresistance or prepare the surface prior to the application of anorganic coating.)chevron patterna V-shaped pattern on a fatigue or brittle-fracture surface. The pattern can also be one
46、 of straightradial lines on cylindrical specimens.chipping(1) removing coating and surface contaminantsfrom a substrate by mechanical means; (2) a type of coatingfailure caused by mechanical damage, loss of adhesion, orboth.chloride stress corrosion crackingcracking of a metalunder the combined acti
47、on of tensile stress and corrosion inthe presence of an electrolyte containing dissolved chlorides.coatone layer of a coating system applied to a surface in asingle continuous application to form a uniform film whendry.coating(1) a liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that,after application to
48、 a surface, is converted into a solidprotective, decorative, or functional adherent film; (2) (in amore general sense) a thin layer of solid material on asurface that provides improved protective, decorative, orfunctional properties.coating systemthe complete number and types of coatsapplied to a su
49、bstrate in a predetermined order. (When usedin a broader sense, surface preparation, pretreatments, dryfilm thickness, and manner of application are included.)cold lapa linear discontinuity with rounded edges at exposedsurfaces that is caused by solidification of the meniscus of apartially cast metal or alloy (e.g., an anode used for cathodicprotection) as a result of interrupted flow of the castingstream or the joining of two casting streams at too low atemperature.col
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