AWS B2 2 B2 2M-2016 Specification for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification (4th Edition).pdf

1、AWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016An American National StandardSpecification forBrazing Procedureand PerformanceQualificationAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteAugust 5, 2016Specification forBrazing Procedure andPerformance Qualification4th EditionSu

2、persedes AWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the requirements for qualification of

3、brazing procedure specifications, brazers, and brazingoperators for manual, mechanized, and automatic brazing. The brazing processes included are torch brazing, furnacebrazing, diffusion brazing, resistance brazing, dip brazing, infrared brazing, and induction brazing. Base metals, brazingfiller met

4、als, brazing fluxes, brazing atmospheres, and brazing joint clearances are also included.iiAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016ISBN: 978-0-87171-893-8 2016 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a

5、 retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copy-right owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational

6、classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .iiiAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016Statement on the Use of American Welding Society

7、 StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS Ameri

8、can National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards

9、must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those lawsand regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokesthe AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists

10、, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve c

11、onsensus. While AWS administers the pro-cess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate,or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any inju

12、ry to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of

13、 any information pub-lished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these do

14、cuments should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified a

15、nd competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is poste

16、d on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that theyhave the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or

17、trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requi

18、rements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex G).With

19、 regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particul

20、ar individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is s

21、ubject to revision at any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification.It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recom-mendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in imp

22、roving this standard are requestedand should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2 Com-mittee on Procedure and Performance Qualification and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committeesresponse to the comments. Guests are in

23、vited to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Perfor-mance Qualification to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning allsuch comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these

24、Rules canbe obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016vAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016PersonnelAWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationJ. L. Cooley, Chair J. C. (2) thelatest edition of this document

25、 should be used for new contracts; (3) editions established by contract date may be usedduring the entire term of the contract, or the provisions of later editions may be used when agreed upon by the contract-ing parties.This document is intended for use with the following brazing processes:(1) Torc

26、h Brazing (TB)(2) Furnace Brazing (FB)(3) Induction Brazing (IB)(4) Resistance Brazing (RB)(5) Dip Brazing (DB)(6) Infrared Brazing (IRB)(7) Diffusion Brazing (DFB)1.1.1 Base Metals. The grouping of base metals by Base Metal Number (BM No.) in Table B.1 has been made on thebasis of metallurgical com

27、patibility, chemical composition, and brazeability to decrease the number of required brazingqualifications. The grouping does not imply that base metals may be indiscriminately substituted within the same BMNo. without consideration of their applicability. For some materials or combinations of mate

28、rials, additional tests may berequired by the procuring activity, the Referencing Document, or the design engineer.Base metals are identified by their American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), American Bureau of Shipping(ABS), or Unified Numbering System (UNS) designations. Cross reference

29、specifications, listed in the UNS for Metalsand Alloys opposite a given UNS No., are included in the same BM No. group as the given UNS No. An American Societyof Mechanical Engineers (ASME) designation, is included in the same BM No. group.Eight categories are included as follows:(1) Ferrous metals

30、(BM Nos. 100 through 180)(2) Aluminum and aluminum alloys (BM Nos. 200 through 220)(3) Copper and copper alloys (BM Nos. 300 through 360)2AWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016(4) Nickel and nickel alloys (BM Nos. 400 through 420)(5) Titanium and titanium alloys (BM No. 500)(6) Zirconium and zirconium alloys (BM No. 6

31、00)(7) Magnesium alloys (BM No. 700)(8) Cobalt alloys (BM No. 800)1.1.2 Filler Metals. The grouping of filler metals by Filler Metal Number (FM No.) in Table C.1 has been made onthe basis of chemical composition to decrease the number of required brazing qualifications. The grouping does notimply th

32、at filler metals may be indiscriminately substituted within the same FM No. without consideration of their appli-cability. AWS A5.8M/A5.8, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding, provides detailed require-ments and general applicability of filler metals.Filler metals other tha

33、n those listed in AWS A5.8M/5.8 may be used provided such filler metal meets the qualificationrequirements of this specification. For such filler metals, the term “special” shall be listed on the BPS and BPQR in lieuof an FM No.1.2 Units of Measure. This standard makes use of both U.S. Customary Uni

34、ts and the International System of Units(SI). The latter are shown within brackets () or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements maynot be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently.1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scop

35、e of this standard and therefore are not fullyaddressed herein. Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information

36、on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deeme

37、d hazardous,and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address allsafety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety programto address such risks as well as to meet applicabl

38、e regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered whendeveloping the safety program.2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions of thisAWS standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the

39、 referenced standard shall apply. For dated references,subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.AWS Documents1:(1) AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols For Welding, Brazing, And Nondestructive Examination;(2) AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Incl

40、uding Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying;1AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.3AWS B2.2/B2.2M:2016(3) AWS A5.8M/A5.8, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding;(4) AWS

41、 A5.31M/A5.31, Specification for Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding;(5) AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds; and(6) AWS B4.0M, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds.Other Documents2:(1) ANSI Z49. 1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes.3. Terms and Def

42、initionsThe brazing terms used in this standard shall be interpreted in accordance with the definitions given in the latest editionof AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Solder-ing, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, and addition

43、al terms as used in this standard as defined below.Brazing Performance Qualification (BPQ). A record of brazing conditions used to produce an acceptable test braze-ment and the results of tests conducted on the brazement to qualify a brazer or brazing operator.brazing variable. Any controllable deta

44、il of a brazing procedure which is required to be addressed on the BPS.Employer. The contractor or manufacturer of the production brazement for which brazing procedure and performancequalifications are required. Whenever approval, signature, or certification by the Employer is required by this speci

45、fi-cation, it shall mean the Employer or a designated employee within the Employers organization. Closely relatedcompanies, including those with different names for which effective control of brazing is as one organization, shall beconsidered as one Employer.plate. Used generally to refer to plate a

46、nd sheet.qualification variable. A brazing variable which, if changed beyond the limitations specified, requires requalification ofthe procedure, brazer, or brazing operator.qualified brazer. One who is qualified to the requirements of this specification to perform manual brazing.qualified brazing o

47、perator. One who is qualified to the requirements of this specification to operate furnace, mecha-nized, or automatic brazing equipment.Qualifier. The Employer, organization, or individual specified by the Referencing Document as responsible for conduct-ing and supervising qualification testing.rabb

48、et joint. Typical design is indicated in Figures 4.2 and 5.1.Referencing Document. The product standard or contract document that invokes this specification.specimen. The test pieces taken from a portion of a test coupon that are evaluated for qualification purposes. In somecases, the test brazement

49、 is also the specimen.specimen blank. That portion of a test brazement that is removed for the production of a portion of the test coupon. Insome cases, the specimen blank is also the specimen.T. A symbol for base metal thickness.TS. A symbol for test specimen thickness.2ANSI Z49.1 is published by the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.4AWS B2.2/B2.2M:20164. Brazing Procedure Qualification4.1 General. A brazing procedure qualification provides test data for assessing the properties of a brazed joint. It is theobligation of manufacturers to produce brazements t