AWS B4 0-2007 Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds (7th Edition)《第7版 焊缝的机械测试惯例》.pdf

1、AWS B4.0:2007An American National StandardStandard Methodsfor MechanicalTesting ofWelds550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS B4.0:2007An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteMay 2, 2007Standard Methods forMechanical Testing of Welds7th EditionSupersedes A

2、NSI/AWS B4.0-98Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of WeldsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractMechanical test methods that are applicable to welds and welded joints are described. For e

3、ach testing method, informationis provided concerning applicable American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Society for Testing andMaterials (ASTM), and American Petroleum Institute (API) documents; the required testing apparatus, specimen preparation,procedure to be followed, and report

4、 requirements are also described.iiAWS B4.0:2007International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-071-0American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2007 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard

5、may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the intern

6、al, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS B4.0:2007Statement on the Use of Amer

7、ican Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (A

8、NSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in

9、 those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual

10、 relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and in

11、terests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liab

12、ility for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or

13、 completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone

14、using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that

15、they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade n

16、ame resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web

17、page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Se

18、rvices Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional

19、advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not

20、 be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or

21、 deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B4 Committee onMechanical Testing of Welds and the author of the comments will be informed of the Comm

22、ittees response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds toexpress their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments areprovided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activit

23、ies Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS B4.0:2007vAWS B4.0:2007DedicationHenry HahnThe AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing ofWelds dedicates this edition of AWS B4.0, Stand

24、ardMethods for the Mechanical Testing of Welds, to thememory of Henry H. Hahn. Henry was an activeand productive member and past Chair of theAWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing ofWelds, a past Chair of ISO/TC44/SC5, past Chairof ISAC-05, and a former member of the AWSTechnical Activities Committe

25、e and AWS Inter-national Standards Activities Committee.This page is intentionally blank.viAWS B4.0:2007viiAWS B4.0:2007Personnel*DeceasedAWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of WeldsR. J. Wong, Chair Naval Surface Warfare CenterR. F. Waite, 1st Vice Chair ConsultantT. McGaughy, 2nd Vice Chair Edi

26、son Welding InstituteB. C. McGrath, Secretary American Welding SocietyJ. R. Crisci ConsultantD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company*H. Hahn ConsultantJ. M. Morse The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. H. Smith ConsultantL. Van Leaven Electric BoatK. Zerkle Hobart InstituteAdvisors to the AWS B4 Committee o

27、n Mechanical Testing of WeldsJ. J. DeLoach, Jr. Naval Surface Warfare CenterD. B. Holliday Northrop Grumman CorporationE. L. Lavy ConsultantL. Li Utah State UniversityH. W. Mishler ConsultantG. R. Pearson Anderson LaboratoriesA. G. Portz ConsultantW. W. St. Cyr, II NASAThis page is intentionally bla

28、nk.viiiAWS B4.0:2007ixAWS B4.0:2007ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS B4.0:2007, Standard Methods for MechanicalTesting of Welds, but is included for informational purposes only.This standard covers the common tests for the mechanical testing of welds. They are defined and illustrated in secti

29、onsrelated to tension tests, shear tests, bend tests, fracture toughness tests, hardness tests, break tests (nick and fillet welds),selected weldability tests and process specific tests (stud weld tests and resistance weld tests).This document extensively uses American Society for Testing and Materi

30、als (ASTM) Standard Methods and specifieshow to use these methods when testing weldments. It takes into consideration the variations in properties that can occurbetween different regions (base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metal) of a weldment.Methods of hardness testing and mechanical propert

31、y tests for base metals are covered by ASTM standards or theindividual material specification. The joint tests for brazements are covered in ANSI/AWS C3.2, Standard Methods forEvaluating the Strength of Brazed Joints in Shear. Additional information on the mechanical testing of welded jointsmay be o

32、btained from the AWS Welding Handbook, Volume 1, which describes selected weldability test methods.AWS B4.0:2007, Standard Methods for the Mechanical Testing of Welds, is the seventh edition of the document initiallypublished in 1942. The second edition (1974) incorporated metric conversions and the

33、 third edition (1977) incorporatedminor changes. The fourth edition (1985) added the plane-strain fracture toughness test and the fifth edition (1992)added hardness testing and stud weld tests, and organized the tests by weld type. The sixth edition (1998) added six newweldability tests, and the cur

34、rent edition includes three new weldability tests (WIC, trough, and GBOP) and resistanceweld tests. Previous editions of the document are as follows:AWS A4.0-42, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of WeldsAWS B4.0-74, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of WeldsAWS B4.0-77, Standard Methods

35、 for Mechanical Testing of WeldsAWS B4.0-85, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of WeldsAWS B4.0-92, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of WeldsAWS B4.0-98, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of WeldsComments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They shoul

36、d be sent to the Secretary,AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126.This page is intentionally blank.xAWS B4.0:2007xiAWS B4.0:2007Table of ContentsPage No.Dedication vPersonnelviiForeword .ixList of Figures. xiii1. Scope.12. Nor

37、mative References .13. Terms and Definitions.14. Tension Tests .14.1 Scope 14.2 Normative References 24.3 Definitions and Symbols 24.4 Summary of Method.24.5 Significance 24.6 Apparatus24.7 Specimens.24.8 Procedure34.9 Report .44.10 Commentary .45. Shear Tests .115.1 Scope 115.2 Normative References

38、 115.3 Summary of Method.115.4 Significance 115.5 Apparatus115.6 Specimens.115.7 Procedure115.8 Report .125.9 Commentary .126. Bend Tests 156.1 Scope 156.2 Normative References 156.3 Definitions and Symbols 156.4 Summary of Method.156.5 Significance 156.6 Apparatus156.7 Specimens.166.8 Procedure166.

39、9 Report .176.10 Commentary .177. Fracture Toughness Tests.287.1 Scope 28xiiPage No.AWS B4.0:20077.2 Normative References 287.3 Summary of Method.287.4 Significance 287.5 Apparatus287.6 Specimens.297.7 Procedure297.8 Report .298. Hardness Tests.378.1 Scope 378.2 Normative References 378.3 Summary of

40、 Method.378.4 Significance 378.5 Apparatus378.6 Specimens.378.7 Procedure388.8 Report .389. Break Tests (Nick and Fillet Weld) .399.1 Nick Break Test399.2 Fillet Weld Break Test4810. Weldability Testing .5210.1 Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test .5310.2 Cruciform Test6010.3 Implant Test6710.4 Le

41、high Restraint Test .7210.5 Varestraint Test 7610.6 Oblique Y-Groove Test 8210.7 Welding Institute of Canada (WIC) Test8810.8 Trough Test 9210.9 Gapped Bead On Plate (GBOP) Test .9711. Process Specific Tests10011.1 Stud Weld Test .10011.2 Resistance Welding Test 103Annex A (Informative)Bibliography1

42、31Annex B (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries.133List of AWS Documents on the Mechanical Testing of Welds .135xiiiAWS B4.0:2007List of FiguresFigure Page No.Tension Tests4.1 Round Tensile Specimens54.2 Transverse Rectangular Tension Test Specimen (Plate) .74.3 Longitud

43、inal Tension Test Specimens (Plates) .84.4 Reduced Rectangular Section Tension Specimens for Pipe94.5 Full Section Tension Specimen for Pipe .10Fillet Weld Shear Tests5.1 Longitudinal Fillet Weld Shear Specimen.135.2 Transverse Fillet Weld Shear Specimen145.3 Shear Strength Calculation 14Bend Tests6

44、.1 Typical Bottom Ejecting Guided Bend Test Fixture .186.2 Typical Bottom Guided Bend Test Fixture .196.3 Typical Wraparound Guided Bend Test Fixture .206.4 Transverse Side Bend Specimens (Plate) 216.5 Transverse Face Bend and Root Bend Specimen (Plate) 226.6 Transverse Face Bend and Root Bend Speci

45、mens (Pipe)236.7 Longitudinal Face Bend and Root Bend Specimen (Plate) .246.8 Fillet Weld Root Bend Test Specimen 256.9 Surfacing Weld Face Bend and Side Bend Specimen.266.10 Longitudinal Guided Fillet Weld Bend Test .27Fracture Toughness Tests7.1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Specimen307.2 Dynamic Tear Tes

46、t Specimen, Anvil Supports, and Striker317.3 Compact Tension Fracture Toughness Specimen327.4 Standard Drop Weight Nil-Ductility Temperature Test Specimen .337.5 Orientation of Weld Metal Fracture Toughness Specimens in a Double-Groove WeldThick Section Weldment .347.6 Crack Plane Orientation Code f

47、or Compact Tension Specimens from Welded Plate.347.7 Recommended Ratio of Weld Metal to Specimen Thickness for Weld-Metal FractureToughness Specimen (Compact Tension Specimen) 357.8 Suggested Data Sheet for Drop Weight Test.36Nick-Break Tests9.1.1 Nick-Break Testing Fixture Made Out of 6 in (152 mm)

48、 Pipe419.1.2 Nick-Break Test Using Vise429.1.3 Testing of Fillet Welded Specimens429.1.4 Nick-Break Test Specimen439.1.5 Specimen for Flash Butt Welds .449.1.6 Specimens for Nick-Break Test of Branch Joint Connections 459.1.7 Pipe Sleeve Test Specimen469.1.8 Fillet Welded Plate Specimens 47Fillet We

49、ld Break Tests9.2.1 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Procedure Qualification.49xivFigure Page No.AWS B4.0:20079.2.2 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Primer Coated Materials499.2.3 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Galvanized Materials.509.2.4 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Welder Qualification .509.2.5 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Tack Welder Qualification 519.2.6 Method of Testing Fillet Weld Break Specimen .51Weldability TestingControlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test10.1.1 Fixture Used to Position CTS Specimen for Welding.5510.1.2 CTS Test Specimen .5610.1.3 Cooling Bath Arrangement for CTS Te