AWS D1 2 D1 2M-2014 Structural Welding Code-Aluminum (6th Edition).pdf

1、StructuralWelding CodeAluminumAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014An American National StandardAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJune 11, 2013Structural Welding CodeAluminumSixth EditionSupersedes AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2008Prepared by theAmerican Welding Soc

2、iety (AWS) D1 Committee on Structural WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis code covers the welding requirements for any type structure made from aluminum structural alloys, except foraluminum pressure vessels and pressur

3、e piping. Clauses 1 through 8 constitute a body of rules for the regulation ofwelding in aluminum construction. A commentary on the code is also included with the document.iiAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014ISBN: 978-0-87171-840-2 2014 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of

4、AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, pers

5、onal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; I

6、nternet:.iiiAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance wi

7、th the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full le

8、gal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those lawsand regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other doc

9、ument that invokesthe AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brin

10、gs to-gether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness o

11、f any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard

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13、orm any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the ad-vice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumedthat the

14、use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the lat

15、est editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that theyhave the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users

16、of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does

17、it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Tech

18、nical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex J).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute profe

19、ssional ad-vice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals donot speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and s

20、hould not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or

21、 deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed toAWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AW D1 Committee on Structural Weldingand the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees res

22、ponse to the comments. Guests are invited to at-tend all meetings of the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Procedures forappeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Ac-tivities Committee.

23、A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130,Miami, FL 33166.ivAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014DedicationIn MemoriamPaul J. Sullivan19262013This issue of AWS D1.2, Structural Welding CodeAluminum,is dedicated to the memory of Paul J. Sullivan. Among hismany contri

24、butions to the American Welding Society, Paul wasone of the charter members of the D1G Aluminum Subcom-mittee. He was a faithful member for many years and served asthe Subcommittee Chairman for six years. Without Pauls wis-dom and guidance, the D1.2 Code would not be the documentwe have today. Pauls

25、 intelligence, parliamentary knowledge,mentorship, and warm good humor will be missed by all of us.vAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014PersonnelAWS D1 Committee on Structural WeldingD. K. Miller, Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyA. W. Sindel, Vice Chair Alstom Power SteamT. L. Niemann, 2nd Vice Chair Minnesota Dep

26、artment of TransportationB. C. McGrath, Secretary American Welding SocietyF. Armao The Lincoln Electric CompanyE. L. Bickford Acute Technological ServicesT. W. Burns AlcoTec Wire CorporationH. H. Campbell, III Pazuzu EngineeringR. D. Campbell BechtelR. B. Corbit CB the safetyannex was deleted.A vert

27、ical line in the margin or underlined text in clauses, tables, or figures indicates an editorial or technical changefrom the 2008 edition.Commentary. The Commentary is nonmandatory and is intended only to provide insightful information into provisionrationale.Normative Annexes. These annexes address

28、 specific subjects in the code and their requirements are mandatory requirementsthat supplement the code provisions.Informative Annexes. These annexes are not code requirements but are provided to clarify code provisions by showing exam-ples, providing information, or suggesting alternative good pra

29、ctices.Index. As in previous codes, the entries in the Index are referred to by subclause number rather than by page number.This should enable the user of the Index to locate a particular item of interest in minimum time.Errata. It is the Structural Welding Committees policy that all errata should b

30、e made available to users of the code.Therefore, any significant errata will be published in the Society News Section of the AWS Welding Journal and postedon the AWS web site at: http:/www.aws.org/technical/d1/.Suggestions. Your comments for improving AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014, Structural Welding CodeAlum

31、inum, are welcome.Submit comments to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St,# 130, Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-9353; fax (305) 443-5951; e-mail infoaws.org; or via the AWS web site.ixAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014Table of ContentsPage No.Dedication

32、.ivPersonnel vForeword.viiList of Tables.xiiList of Figures. xiii1. General Requirements 11.1 Scope11.2 Definitions .11.3 Responsibilities11.4 Approval 21.5 Welding Symbols.21.6 Safety .21.7 Units of Measurement21.8 Normative References22. Design .52.1 Scope52.2 Structural Design .52.3 Drawings52.4

33、Groove Welds.52.5 Fillet Welds62.6 Plug and Slot Welds.62.7 Filler Plates 73. Qualification.11Part AGeneral Requirements.113.1 General.113.2 Qualification of WPSs .113.3 Qualification of Welders, Welding Operators, and Tack Welders .123.4 Position of Test Welds .12Part BTypes of Tests, Test Methods,

34、 and Acceptance Criteria133.5 Types and Purposes of Tests 133.6 Visual Examination133.7 Tension TestsGroove Welds.143.8 Bend TestsGroove WeldsPlate and Pipe 153.9 Soundness TestsGroove Welds in Castings .163.10 Soundness TestsFillet Welds163.11 Radiographic Examination 17Part CWPS Qualification.173.

35、12 General.173.13 Limits of Qualified Positions for WPSs 173.14 Limitation of Essential VariablesWPS Qualification 173.15 TestsWPS Qualification.173.16 Retests18Part DPerformance Qualification 193.17 General.19xPage No.AWS D1.2/D1.2M:20143.18 Limits of Qualified Positions for Performance193.19 Prepa

36、ration of Test WeldmentsPerformance Qualification193.20 Essential Variables.203.21 TestsPerformance Qualification.203.22 Retests213.23 Period of Effectiveness 214. Fabrication.674.1 Scope674.2 Processes674.3 Base Metal .674.4 Filler Metal 674.5 Tungsten Electrodes.674.6 Shielding Gas.674.7 Welding a

37、nd Cutting Equipment .674.8 Backing674.9 Preheat and Interpass Temperatures 684.10 Welding Environment 684.11 Compliance with Design684.12 Preparation of Base Metal .684.13 Re-entrant Corners.694.14 Weld Access Holes 694.15 Allowance for Camber.694.16 Assembly .694.17 Technique.704.18 Tack and Tempo

38、rary Welds .704.19 Dimensional Tolerances for Welded Members704.20 Arc Strikes .704.21 Weld Termination 704.22 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage714.23 Weld Profiles724.24 Repairs .724.25 Copper Inclusions 724.26 Cleaning of Completed Welds .724.27 Anti-Spatter Compound.724.28 Postweld Heat Treatme

39、nt.725. Inspection .79Part AGeneral Requirements.795.1 General.795.2 Inspection of Materials 805.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment805.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications.805.5 Inspection of Work and Records805.6 Obligations of the Contractor 805.7 N

40、ondestructive Testing 815.8 Extent of Testing81Part BRadiographic Testing of Groove Welds in Butt Joints 825.9 General.825.10 RT Procedures825.11 Acceptability of Welds 845.12 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs .84xiPage No.AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014Part CUltrasonic Testing of Groove Welds

41、 .845.13 General.84Part DAcceptance Criteria.855.14 Visual Inspection .855.15 RT 855.16 UT865.17 PT.866. Stud Welding99Part AGeneral Requirements.996.1 General.996.2 Material Requirements.996.3 Workmanship.996.4 Qualification Requirements .996.5 Operator and Preproduction Qualification.1016.6 Accept

42、ance CriteriaProduction Welds.1016.7 Mislocated Studs1016.8 Repair of Misapplied Studs .101Part BArc Stud Welding 1016.9 General Requirements .1016.10 Material Requirements.1016.11 Workmanship.1016.12 Technique.101Part CCapacitor Discharge Stud Welding .1026.13 General Requirements .1026.14 Material

43、 Requirements.1026.15 Technique.1027. Friction Stir Welding 1057.1 General Requirements .1057.2 Design1067.3 Qualification 1067.4 Fabrication .1067.5 Inspection.1068. Strengthening and Repair of Existing Structures 1138.1 General.1138.2 Base Metal .1138.3 Design1138.4 Repair Procedure .1138.5 Inspec

44、tion.113Annex A (Informative)Informative References115Annex B (Informative)Recommended Groove Welded Joints .117Annex D (Informative)Examples of Tubular Connections.153Annex E (Informative)Sample Welding Forms 157Annex F (Informative)Sample NDT Forms .165Annex G (Informative)Solutions for Macroetchi

45、ng Aluminum Weldments169Annex H (Informative)Guide for Specification Writers.171Annex I (Informative)Tungsten Electrodes 173Annex J (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries for the StructuralAnnex J (Informative)Welding Committee 175Commentary177Foreword.179Index .207List o

46、f AWS Documents on Structural Welding.215xiiAWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014List of TablesTable Page No.2.1 Minimum Diameter of Hole for Plug Welds or Width of Slot for Slot Welds83.1 Limitations of Essential Variables of a WPS 223.2 Tensile Strength of Welded Aluminum Alloys (GTAW or GMAW with No Postweld HeatT

47、reatment).243.3 WPS Qualification-Type of Weld and Position Limitations.263.4 Number and Type of Test Specimens and Range of Thickness QualifiedWPS QualificationCJP Groove Welds 273.5 Number and Type of Test Specimens and Range of Thickness QualifiedWPS QualificationPJP Groove Welds.303.6 Number and

48、 Type of Test Specimens and Range of Thickness QualifiedWPS QualificationFillet Welds .313.7 Welder Performance QualificationType of Weld and Position Limitations323.8 Number and Type of Test Specimens and Range of Thickness QualifiedWelder andWelding Operator Qualification333.9 Welding Personnel Pe

49、rformance Essential Variable Changes Requiring Requalification374.1 Wrought Metal and Casting Material Specifications734.2 Recommended Aluminum Alloy Filler Metals for Structural Welding of Various BaseAluminum Alloys744.3 Limit of Acceptability and Repair of Cut Edge Discontinuities in Plate754.4 Technique754.5 Maximum Cumulative Holding Times at Elevated Temperatures765.1 Hole-Type IQI Requirements875.2 Wire IQI Requirements.875.3 Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria885.4 Maximum Acceptable Discontinuity in Radiographs for Any 3 in 75 mm