AWS D14 3 D14 3M-2010 Specification for Welding Earthmoving Construction and Agricultural Equipment (Sixth Edition)《运土、施工和农业设备的焊接规范 第6版》.pdf

1、Specification forWeldingEarthmoving,Construction, andAgriculturalEquipmentAWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010An American National StandardAWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteMay 26, 2010Specification for Welding Earthmoving,Construction, and Agricu

2、ltural Equipment6thEditionSupersedes AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2005Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) D14 Committee on Machinery and EquipmentUnder the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by the AWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides standards for produc

3、ing structural welds used in the manufacture and repair of earthmoving,construction, and agricultural equipment. Such equipment is defined as self-propelled, on- and off-highway machineryand associated implements. Manufacturers responsibilities are presented as they relate to the welding practices t

4、hat havebeen proven successful within the industry in the production of weldments on this equipment. Basic dimensional welddetails are defined and interpreted for application throughout the document. Provisions are made to identify base metalsused in these weldments. Procedures to ensure that they a

5、re welded with compatible, identifiable welding processes andconsumables are included with consideration given to factors that affect weldability.International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-776-4American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2010 by American Welding SocietyAll ri

6、ghts reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Author

7、ization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or edu-cational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood D

8、rive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010iiAWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010iiiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are

9、 voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regul

10、ations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, th

11、ese standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokesthe AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards

12、are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings togethervolunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers the process andestablishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently

13、test, evaluate, or verify theaccuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or in

14、directly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other servi

15、ces for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exerc

16、ise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Pub

17、lication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept anyand all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of th

18、is standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official

19、interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. Le

20、Jeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex E).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions repres

21、ent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for

22、 an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent d

23、ata that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D14 Committee onMachinery and Equipment and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments.Gu

24、ests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment to express their com-ments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules ofOperation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rule

25、s can be obtained from the American WeldingSociety, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010ivThis page is intentionally blank.AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010vPersonnelAWS D14 Committee on Machinery and EquipmentJ. L. Warren, Chair CNH America LLCL. L. Schweinegruber, Vice-Chair Robinson F

26、ans, IncorporatedM. Rubin, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. B. Ashley Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance CompanyB. K. Banzhaf CNH America LLCT. J. Bruno Link-Belt Construction Equipment CompanyJ. E. Campbell WeldTech Solutions CorporationD. J. Landon Vermeer Manufacturing CompanyT. J

27、. Landon Chicago Bridge and Iron CompanyR. Larsen Vermeer Manufacturing CompanyM. R. Malito Girard Machine Company, IncorporatedA. P. Mortale Deere 2. Updated Clauses 7 and 8 to reference AWS B2.1 as the primary source of requirements for procedure and performancequalifications and removed redundant

28、 information from this standard;3. Clarified the qualification of individuals responsible for performance test evaluations as described in Clause 8;4. Added some general statements to the Workmanship and Welding Quality Requirements in Clause 9.Underlined areas in text, tables, or figures indicate c

29、hanges from the previous edition. A vertical line in the margin nextto a figure, equation, or other item indicates a revision of that item from the previous edition.AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010viiiThis page is intentionally blank.AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010ixTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . viiList of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi1. Scope and General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Units of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Safety. . . . . . . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . 22. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24. Basic Weld Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Weld Size Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Combinations of Groove and Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 Intermittent Welds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55. Base Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 Structural Steels an

40、d Nonferrous Metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 Welda

41、bility and Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76. Welding Processes and Consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 Proces

42、ses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 Consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . . . . 77. Welding Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 Method IPrototype Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.4 Method IIProcedure Qualification Tests for Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.5 Method IIIPrequalified Welding Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . . 138. Welding Personnel Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.3 Welder Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.4 Welding Operator Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228.5 Operators of Automatic Welding Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.6 Qualification of Tack Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010xPage No.9. Workmanship and Welding Quality Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.2 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .