AWWA B407-2012 Liquid Ferric Chloride.pdf

1、 ANSI/AWWA B407-12 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B407-05) AWWA Standard Effective date: March 1, 2012. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 23, 1991. This edition approved Jan. 22, 2012. Approved by American National Standards Institute Nov. 30, 2011. 6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy Denv

2、er, CO 80235-3098 Communications T 800.926.7337 Conferences www.awwa.org Education and TrainingScience and TechnologySections The Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterLiquid Ferric Chloride SM Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an A

3、merican Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi- cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated

4、by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standard

5、s is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory

6、 service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed in the official notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Associati

7、on publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The

8、existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. Ameri- can National Standards are subject t

9、o periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformi

10、ty with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI proce

11、dures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West

12、 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or e-mailing infoansi.org. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system,

13、except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2012 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards

14、Committee on Iron Salts, Aluminum Salts, and Related Coagulant Aids, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: John P. Corless, Chair General Interest Members M.B. Alvarez, CH2M HILL Inc., Orlando, Fla. (AWWA) K.K. Au, Greeley & Hansen, Chicago,

15、Ill. (AWWA) S.C. Clark,* HDR Engineering, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) J.D. Edwards, Burgess & Niple Inc., Columbus, Ohio (AWWA) J.J. Gemin, AECOM, Kitchener, Ont. (AWWA) P.H. Hargette, Black & Veatch, Greenville, S.C. (AWWA) C.B. Lind, Mauser Corporation, East Brunswick, N.J. (AWWA) J.W. Patterson, J.W. Pa

16、tterson Environmental Consultants, Silverthorne, Colo. (AWWA) S.J. Posavec,* Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) L.W. VandeVenter, AECOM, Wakefield, Mass. (AWWA) B.H. Wilder, Daytona Beach, Fla. (AWWA) Producer Members J.P. Crass, Ventura, Calif. (AWWA) J.M. Gonzalez, PVS Technologie

17、s Inc., South New Berlin, N.Y. (AWWA) D.E. Gordon, QC Corporation, Baltimore, Md. (AWWA) L.N. Hjersted, Agro-Iron, Lakeland, Fla. (AWWA) B. Keogh, B.I.K. Water Technologies, Dundas, Ont. (AWWA) J.J. Pavlicek, Kemira Water Solutions, Detroit, Mich. (AWWA) K.E. Ruehl, General Chemical Corporation, Bal

18、lwin, Mo. (AWWA) G. Shull, Kemira Water Solutions, Yantis, Texas (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting Alternate Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iv Users Members T.A. Barber Jr., Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA) J.P. Corless, Rockville, Md. (AWWA) L.V. Landry, City

19、of Shreveport, Shreveport, La. (AWWA) C.A. Owen, Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, Fla. (AWWA) J.S. Trotter, City of Bloomington Utilities, Bloomington, Ind. (AWWA) Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subs

20、equently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii I.C Acceptance vii II Special Issues viii II.A Storage and Handling Precautions . viii II.B Basis for Payment . ix III Use of This Standard ix III.A Purc

21、haser Options and Alternatives ix III.B Modification to Standard x IV Major Revisions . x V Comments x Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 1 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Physical Requirements . 3 4.2 Chemical Requirements 3 4.3 Impurities 3 5 Verific

22、ation 5.1 Sampling . 4 5.2 Test ProceduresGeneral . 4 5.3 Specific Gravity . 5 5.4 Total Insoluble Matter . 5 5.5 Iron . 6 5.6 Ferrous Iron 7 5.7 Percent Ferric Chloride 8 5.8 Acidity 8 5.9 Iron Alternative Method 9 5.10 Ferrous Iron Alternative Method . 9 5.11 Ferric Iron Alternative Method 10 5.12

23、 Notice of Nonconformance . 10 6 Delivery 6.1 Marking 11 6.2 Packaging and Shipping 11 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance 12 SEC. PAGESEC. PAGE Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Re

24、served. vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA B407. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. Ferric chloride is commercially available in two solid forms, hexahydrate and anhydrous, and in liquid form. This standard describes ferric chloride in aqueous (liquid)

25、form for use in the treatment of municipal and industrial water supplies. Ferric chloride can be produced as a coproduct with titanium dioxide from natural ores containing iron and titanium oxides or by the controlled reaction of spent steel pickling solutions, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, and scrap

26、 iron. A high- purity product can be manufactured by reacting chlorine gas with iron, ferrous sulfate, or ferrous chloride. Recognizing that the purity of ferric chloride can vary with the manufacturing process, the purchaser may request that the supplier describe the manufacturing process used. The

27、 purchaser also may want to ask the supplier about potential impurities relative to the manufacturing process used. This standard provides methods for the analysis of specific gravity, insoluble matter, total iron, ferrous iron, ferric chloride, and acidity. I.B. History. In 1977, the AWWA Water Qua

28、lity Division recommended to the AWWA Standards Council that a standard for ferric chloride be prepared. The Standards Council authorized the development of a ferric chloride standard on May 12, 1977. The first edition of ANSI/AWWA B407 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 5, 1983. Su

29、bsequent revisions were approved in 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2005. This edition of ANSI/AWWA B407 was approved on Jan. 22, 2012. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop

30、voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF, now Water Research Foundation) and the Conference of State Healt

31、h and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright 2012 American Water Works Asso

32、ciation. All Rights Reserved. viii In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of pr

33、oducts and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF /ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects.

34、Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary from ju

35、risdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contam

36、inants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B407 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3 of the standard. The transfer of conta

37、minants from chemicals to processed water or the residual solids is becoming a problem of great concern. The language in Sec. 4.3.2 is a recommenda- tion only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NS

38、F/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects. However, users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard should also consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requir

39、ements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. II.A. Storage and Handling Precautions. Liquid f

40、erric chloride is an orange- brown aqueous solution that is acidic and corrosive to common metals. Suitable materials for construction of storage and handling facilities include titanium, tantalum, * Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF

41、International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix synthetic-rubber-lined steel, corrosion-resistant fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP), ceramics, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and poly

42、vinyl chloride (PVC). Steel, aluminum, copper, and polyamides, such as nylon, are not suitable. Ferric chloride solution may cause burns to the eyes, and acid-resistant goggles should be worn during handling. Contact with skin may cause irritation. This can be avoided by wearing rubber gloves, boots

43、, jacket, and pants. For additional safety aspects, refer to material safety data sheets (MSDS) available from the chemical supplier or manufacturer. II.B. Basis for Payment. The b asis for payment shall be the dry weight equivalent of ferric chloride supplied. III. Use of This Standard. It is the r

44、esponsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Thi s standard for liquid ferric chloride permits a wide range of ferric chloride co

45、ncentration. The purchaser should be aware of the wide range of water weight relative to the shipping cost. The following information should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA B407, Liquid Ferric Chloride, of lat- est revision. 2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Dr

46、inking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required. 3. Net weight to be supplied (Sec. II.B). 4. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Section 4). 5. Whether specific gravity of the solution is stipulated (Sec. 4.1). 6. Percentage of ferrous iron permitted.

47、If ferrous iron in excess of 2.5 percent is permitted, the purchaser should state the maximum allowable ferrous iron concen- tration (Sec. 4.2). 7. Whether the purchaser will reject product from containers or packaging with missing or damaged seals. The purchaser may reject product from bulk contain

48、ers or packages with missing or damaged seals unless the purchasers tests of representative samples, conducted in accordance with Sec. 5.25.11, demonstrate that the product meets the standard. Failure to meet the standard or the absence of, or irregularities in, seals may be sufficient cause to reje

49、ct a shipment. 8. Size and type of container to be used (Sec. 6.2.1). 9. If weight certificates are required (Sec. 6.2.2). Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. x 10. Whether alternative security measures have been adopted to replace or aug- ment the security measures set out in Sec. 6.2.3 and 6.2.4. 11. Whether an affidavit of compliance, certified analysis, or both, is required (Sec. 6.3). III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be p