AWWA C653-2013 Disinfection of Water Treatment Plants.pdf

1、 AWWA Standard SM Disinfection of Water Treatment Plants Effective date: Dec. 1, 2013. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 25, 1987. This edition approved June 9, 2013. Approved by American National Standards Institute Sept. 17, 2013. ANSI/AWWA C653-13 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C653-

2、03) Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative inform

3、ation normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not constitute endorseme

4、nt of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are int

5、ended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Assoc

6、iation. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and pr

7、ovisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap - proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing

8、, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encour - aged to s

9、tate on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard

10、indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American Nati

11、onal Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or emailing infoansi.org. ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-974-4 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-251-3

12、All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written

13、 permission of the publisher. Copyright 2013 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Disinfection of Facilities, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the

14、 following personnel at the time of approval: Betsy Reilley, Chair General Interest Members K.C. Choquette, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA) C.B. Hagar, Carollo Engineers, Phoenix, Ariz. (AWWA) D.J. Hartman,* Standards Council Liaison, CH2M HILL, Cincinnati, Ohio (AWWA) J.M. Henderson, CHA Companies, Albany,

15、 N.Y. (AWWA) P.J. Olson,* Standards Staff Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) S. Vidika, Dixon Engineering Inc., Medina, Ohio (AWWA) J.S. Wailes, Brown and Caldwell, Black Hawk, Colo. (AWWA) T.W. Walker, New York State Department of Health, Victor, N.Y. (AWWA) M.L. Wentink, Nebraska DHHS Division of

16、 Public Health, North Platte, Neb. (AWWA) Producer Members R.J. Gordhamer, Measurement Technologies Inc., Redmond, Wash. (AWWA) D.T. Hanson, Design Water Technologies, Shorewood, Minn. (AWWA) P.L. Smith, Smith LasSalle Inc., Western Springs, Ill. (AWWA) User Members G.A. Burlingame, Philadelphia Wat

17、er Department, Philadelphia, Pa. (AWWA) R.C. Lorenz, Westerville Water Plant, Westerville, Ohio (AWWA) P.M. Marchand, Bristol County Water Authority, Warren, R.I. (AWWA) B. Reilley, MWRA, Southborough, Mass. (AWWA) E.D. Schwartz, New Jersey American Water Company, Plainfield, N.J. (AWWA) B.L. Whitte

18、berry, Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Cincinnati, Ohio (AWWA) * Liaison, nonvoting Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. v Contents All AWWA standards follow the gene

19、ral format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction. . vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii II Special Issues. vii II.A Alternative Disinfection Procedures . vii III Use of This Standard viii III.A

20、 Purchaser Options and Alternatives viii III.B Modification to Standard . ix IV Major Revisions ix V Comments . ix Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 2 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Cleaning . 3 4.2 Units Requiring Disinfection 4 4.3 Materials for Di

21、sinfectant Chlorine Solutions . 5 4.4 Plant Disinfection Procedures . 5 5 Verification 5.1 Bacteriological Sampling . 7 5.2 Record of Compliance . 8 6 Delivery . 8 Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2013 American Water Works

22、 Association. All Rights Reserved. vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C653. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. This standard describes methods of disinfecting new treatment facilities before they are placed in service; existing treatment facilities befo

23、re they are returned to service after construction, inspection, or other event causing potential contamination; and existing treatment facilities that, under normal operation, continue to demonstrate the presence of total coliform bacteria in the plant effluent. Because of the complexity and diversi

24、ty of treatment plants, the formulation of firm rules for application of this standard is not practicable. Nevertheless, principles described in this standard do apply generally and must be followed to enable proper disinfection of treatment plant facilities. Several alternative disinfection procedu

25、res are provided for those parts of the treatment plant generally referred to as conveyance facilities (such as pipes) and storage facilities (such as basins, tanks, or clearwells). Disinfection is required for all portions of the facility that are downstream from the filter influent or that are dow

26、nstream from the first point of disinfectant application in the treatment process when the water is disinfected prior to filtration, as described in Sec. 4.2. That part of the treatment facility handling raw water need not be disinfected but should be thoroughly cleaned as described in Sec. 4.1. I.B

27、. History. The first edition of ANSI/AWWA C653 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 25, 1987. The second edition of ANSI/AWWA C653 was approved on Feb. 2, 1997. The third edition was approved Jan. 19, 2003. This edition was approved on June 9, 2013. II. Special Issues. II.A. Alternati

28、ve Disinfection Procedures. The utility should decide which of the alternative disinfection procedures is most suitable for a given situation. Choice of the procedure used should include consideration of the availability of materials and equipment for the disinfection operation, the training of pers

29、onnel to perform the disinfection, and safety considerations. For example, gas chlorination should be used only where properly designed and constructed equipment is available; makeshift equipment is not acceptable when liquid chlorine gas cylinders are used. Spray equipment should be used inside tan

30、ks or enclosures only when thorough ventilation * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viii is assured or when appropriate protection for personnel is provided. If a procedu

31、re is selected that requires the disposal of highly chlorinated water, thorough consideration should be given to the impact on the environment. If there is any question that the discharge of chlorinated waste may cause damage to aquatic life, wildlife, human health, physical installations, or other

32、downstream water uses of any type, a reducing agent should be applied to water being disposed of to thoroughly neutralize the chlorine residual remaining in the water. Refer to ANSI/AWWA C655 Field Dechlorination for appropriate dechlorination requirements. Disinfection of treatment plants requires

33、high levels of disinfectant to be applied to ensure bacteria and other potential pathogens are inactivated. It should be noted that pH and temperature are two important factors affecting the disinfectant process. Above pH 9, chlorine is in the form of hypochlorite, which is not as effective a disin-

34、 fectant as hypochlorous acid, which is more prevalent at pH less than 9. Water tem- perature also affects the disinfection process; disinfection at low temperatures is not as effective as at high temperatures. Disinfectants other than chlorine may be appropriate to use. While this standard describe

35、s only the use of liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite solutions, and calcium hypochlorite, the applicability of other disinfectants should be evaluated. Ozone and chemical cleaners have been used, and these warrant further investigation. Whichever disinfectant or method is selected, approval from t

36、he local regulatory agency may be required. III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Th

37、e following information should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA C653, Standard for Disinfection of Water Treatment Plants, of latest revision. 2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required. 3. Details of other fe

38、deral, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.1). 4. Form of chlorine to be used (Sec. 4.3). 5. Method of chlorination of piping (Sec. 4.4.1). 6. Precautions for disposal of chlorinated water (Sec. 4.4.4.4). 7. Bacteriological testing method to be used (Sec. 5.1). Copyright 2013 America

39、n Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix 8. Redisinfection, if required (Sec. 5.1). 9. Method of dechlorination, if required. III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. I V. Major Revi

40、sions. Major changes made to the standard in this revision include the following: 1. The Spe cial Issues section of the foreword has been updated to include a note to the user on the effect of pH and temperature on the disinfection process, as well as a note on consideration of alternative disinfect

41、ants (Foreword Section II). 2. Definitions for available chlorine, free chlorine, chlorine residual, contrac- tor, liquid chlorine, and purchaser have been added (Section 3). 3. A requirement for compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act has been added (Section 4). 4. Additional clarification and

42、guidance on water treatment plant components requiring disinfection has been added (Sec. 4.2). 5. Reference to ANSI/AWWA B301 for Liquid Chlorine and ANSI/AWWA B300 for Hypochlorites has been added (Sec. 4.3). 6. An advisory note on using appropriate personal protective equipment when handling chlor

43、ine products has been added (Sec. 4.3). 7. An advisory note on perchlorate formation in hypochlorites has been added (Sec. 4.3.2). 8. Reference to ANSI/AWWA C655 for field dechlorination practices has been added (Sec. 4.4.4.4). 9. An advisory note on testing a disinfected facility not immediately re

44、turned to service has been added (Sec. 5.1). 10. Appendix A on Disposal of Heavily Chlorinated Water has been removed. This information is now covered in more detail in ANSI/AWWA C655, Field Dechlorination. V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call AWWA Engi

45、neering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or email at standardsawwa.org. Copyright 2013 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2013 American

46、Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. 1 AWWA Standard Disinfection of Water Treatment Plants SECTION 1: GENERAL Sec. 1.1 Scope This standard describes chlorination materials, procedures, and requirements for disinfection of new treatment facilities and existing water treatment facilities tem

47、porarily taken out of service for cleaning, inspection, maintenance, painting, repair, or any other activity or event that might lead to contamination of water. Typically, this standard applies to treatment components, including filter basins, filter media, clearwells, pump suction wells, and associ

48、ated piping and appurte- nances located downstream from the filter influent or from the first point of appli- cation of disinfectant in the treatment process. The disinfection method employed is surface contact with a high-strength chlorine solution for a specific time period. The absence of total c

49、oliform bacteria in addition to the use of proper disinfection practices is confirmation that the disinfection process has been accomplished in compliance with the standard. Sec. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to define the minimum requirements for the disinfection of water treatment plants, including facility preparation, application of chlorine to the interior surfaces of water treatment units, and sampling and testing for the presence of total coliform bacteria. ANSI/AWWA C653-13 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C653-03) Copyright 2013 American Wate