AWWA M11-2004 Steel Pipe - A Guide for Design and Installation (Fourth Edition Includes Errata 12 2013)《钢管设计和安装 第4版》.pdf

1、 Errata toAWWA Manual M11 Steel PipeA Guide for Design and Installation, 4th ed.(December 2013)Chapter 11. On page 1, paragraph 2, line 6 under History, the metric conversion should read 15,000 psi (103.42 MPa).2. On page 7, paragraph 2, lines 6 and 7 under Stress and Strain, “min” should read “in.”

2、3. On page 8, paragraph 2, lines 2 and 4, respectively, the metric conversions should read 30,000,000 psi (207 TPa) and 30 psi (207 kPa). 4. On page 10, paragraph 1, line 2, the metric conversion should read 30 psi (207 kPa). 5. On page 10, paragraph 1, line 4, “5,000 min/in.” should read “5,000 in.

3、/in.” 6. On page 10, paragraph 2, line 6, “5,000 min/in.” should read “5,000 in./in.” 7. On page 10, paragraph 2, line 8, “300,000 min/in.” should read “300,000 in./in.” 8. On page 11, paragraph 5, lines 6 and 10, under Analysis Based on Strain, “1,750 min/in.” should read “1,750 in./in.”9. On page

4、11, paragraph 7, line 2, under Analysis Based on Strain, “5,000 min/in.” should read “5,000 in./in.”10. On page 18, Eq 1-1 should read n= 2(cos2) + 1(sin2) (1-1)Chapter 611. On page 62, Table 6-1, column 1, Type of Soil, replace “Coarse-grained soils with little or no fines (SP, SM, GP, GW)” with “C

5、oarse-grained soils with little or no fines (SP, SW, GP, GW).”12. On page 67, line 5, replace (P = 0.7(4)(28,152) = 7,883 kg/m2) with (P = 0.07(4)(28,152) = 7,883 kg/m2).Chapter 6 (continued)13. On page 67, line 12, replace Wc= (1,922 (2) + 13,180) 2r/1,000 = 34r with Wc= (1,922 (0.61) + 13,180) 2r/

6、1,000 = 28.7r.14. On page 67, line 18, replace “3 ft (0.914 mm) cover” with “3 ft (0.914 m) cover.”Chapter 715. On page 73, the example problem should read k = 0.02 0.00012(120 90) = 0.0164 Scs= 0.0164 40,000log e( 21) = 28,300 psi (0.3125)2 0.3125 Sls = 3,000 psi (7-5) Se= 1,000 28.32+ (3.02) (3.0

7、28.3)null= 29,900 psi 29,900 30,00016. On page 85, Table 7-2, for x = 0.05L, replace 0.0715(wL2/12) with 0.715(wL2/12).Chapter 917. On page 122, last line of paragraph 3 under Elbows and Miter End Cuts should read “the deflection per miter weld shall be limited to 30. The radius of the elbow shall b

8、e.”18. On page 133, first sentence of paragraph 3 should read “Usually the blowoff will be below ground.” Chapter 1319. On page 194, Calculation of Size, under Eq 13-5 the definition of should read = safe bearing capacity of the soil, lbf/ft2(N/m2)20. On page 200, Table 13-4, for 24-in. Pipe OD, 250

9、 psi, Tie Bolt Diameter, in., should read “1 .”21. On page 200, Table 13-4, line 2 of NOTE, replace “undo” with “undue.”22. On page 203, Table 13-5, for 1 -in. dia., replace “A“ metric with (222.25).23. On page 203, Table 13-5, for 1 -in. dia., replace “A“ metric with (273.05). 24. On page 205, Figu

10、re 13-20, Note 4, replace “The minimum wall thickness.” with “The minimum weld thickness.” Science and TechnologyAWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technologicalknowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for prod

11、ucts and processes that advance publichealth and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.Steel PipeA Guide for Design and InstallationAWWA MANUAL M11Fourth EditionCopyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.MANUAL OF WATER S

12、UPPLY PRACTICESM11, Fourth EditionSteel PipeA Guide for Design and InstallationCopyright 1964, 1985, 1989, 2004 American Water Works AssociationAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,

13、 recording, or any information or retrieval system,except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permissionof the publisher.Project Manager and Technical Editor: Melissa ChristensenCopy Editor: Mart KelleProduction Editor: Carol StearnsLibrary of Congres

14、s Cataloging-in-Publication DataSteel Pipe : A Guide for Design and Installation.- 4th ed.p. cm. - (AWWA manual ; M11)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 1-58321-274-41. Water pipes-Design and construction-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Pipe,Steel-Design and construction-Handbooks, manua

15、ls etc. I. American Water WorksAssociation. II. Series.TD491.A49 S74628.15-dc222004043748Printed in the United States of AmericaAmerican Water Works Association6666 West Quincy AvenueDenver, CO 80235-3098ISBN 1-58321-274-4Printed on recycled paperCopyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All

16、Rights Reserved.iiiContentsList of Figures, viiList of Tables, xiForeword, xiiiAcknowledgments, xvChapter 1 History, Uses, and Physical Characteristics of Steel Pipe . 1History, 1Uses, 2Chemistry, Casting, and Heat Treatment, 3Physical Characteristics, 6Ductility and Yield Strength, 6Stress and Stra

17、in, 7Strain in Design, 9Analysis Based on Strain, 11Ductility in Design, 12Effects of Cold Working on Strength and Ductility, 13Brittle Fracture Considerations in Structural Design, 13Good Practice, 17Evaluation of Stresses in Spiral-Welded Pipe, 18References, 18Chapter 2 Manufacture and Testing 21M

18、anufacture, 21Testing, 24References, 25Chapter 3 Hydraulics of Pipelines . 27Formulas, 27Calculations, 31Economical Diameter of Pipe, 42Distribution Systems, 43Air Entrainment and Release, 43Good Practice, 43References, 43Chapter 4 Determination of Pipe Wall Thickness . 45Internal Pressure, 45Allowa

19、ble Tension Stress in Steel, 46Corrosion Allowance, 48External Fluid PressureUniform and Radial, 48Minimum Wall Thickness, 50Good Practice, 50References, 50Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.ivChapter 5 Water Hammer and Pressure Surge . 51Basic Relationships, 51Chec

20、klist for Pumping Mains, 54General Studies for Water Hammer Control, 55Allowance for Water Hammer, 56Pressure Rise Calculations, 56References, 56Chapter 6 External Loads . 59Load Determination, 59Deflection Determination, 60Buckling, 63Extreme External Loading Conditions, 65Computer Programs, 68Refe

21、rences, 68Chapter 7 Supports for Pipe 69Saddle Supports, 69Pipe Deflection as Beam, 73Methods of Calculation, 75Gradient of Supported Pipelines to Prevent Pocketing, 76Span Lengths and Stresses, 76Ring Girders, 79Ring-Girder Construction for Low-Pressure Pipe, 100Installation of Ring Girder Spans, 1

22、01References, 109Chapter 8 Pipe Joints . 111Bell-and-Spigot Joint With Rubber Gasket, 111Welded Joints, 112Bolted Sleeve-Type Couplings, 113Flanges, 113Grooved-and-Shouldered Couplings, 115Expansion and ContractionGeneral, 116Ground Friction and Line Tension, 117Good Practice, 118References, 119Chap

23、ter 9 Fittings and Appurtenances 121Designation of Fittings, 121Elbows and Miter End Cuts, 122Reducers, 130Bolt Hole Position, 130Design of Wye Branches, Laterals, Tees, and Crosses, 130Testing of Fittings, 131Unbalanced Thrust Forces, 131Frictional Resistance Between Soil and Pipe, 131Anchor Rings,

24、 131Nozzle Outlets, 131Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.vConnection to Other Pipe Material, 132Flanged Connections, 132Valve Connections, 132Blowoff Connections, 132Manholes, 133Insulating Joints, 133Air-Release Valves and Air/Vacuum Valves, 133Casing Spacers, 134

25、Good Practice, 135References, 136Chapter 10 Principles of Corrosion and Corrosion Control . 137General Theory, 137Internal Corrosion of Steel Pipe, 146Atmospheric Corrosion, 147Methods of Corrosion Control, 147Cathodic Protection, 147References, 149Chapter 11 Protective Coatings and Linings . 151Req

26、uirements for Good Pipeline Coatings and Linings, 151Selection of the Proper Coating and Lining, 151Recommended Coatings and Linings, 153Epoxy-Based Polymer Concrete Coatings, 156Coating Application, 156Good Practice, 156References, 157Chapter 12 Transportation, Installation, and Testing . 159Transp

27、ortation and Handling of Coated Steel Pipe, 159Trenching, 160Installation of Pipe, 163Anchors and Thrust Blocks, 168Field Coating of Joints, 171Pipe-Zone Bedding and Backfill, 171Hydrostatic Field Test, 171References, 173Chapter 13 Supplementary Design Data and Details 175Layout of Pipelines, 175Cal

28、culation of Angle of Fabricated Pipe Bend, 176Reinforcement of Fittings, 176Collar Plate Design, 180Wrapper-Plate Design, 182Crotch-Plate (Wye-Branch) Design, 183Nomograph Use in Wye-Branch Design, 185Thrust Restraint, 191Anchor Rings, 1997Joint Harnesses, 197Special and Valve Connections and Other

29、Appurtenances, 202Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.viFreezing in Pipelines, 202Design of Circumferential Fillet Welds, 218Submarine Pipelines, 220References, 222Appendix A Table of Working Pressures for Allowable Unit Stresses, 223Index, 233List of AWWA Manuals, 2

30、39Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.viiFigures1-1 Steel pipe in filtration plant gallery, 21-2 Stressstrain curve for steel, 81-3 True stressstrain for steel, 81-4 Stressstrain curves for carbon steel, 91-5 Plastic and elastic strains, 91-6 Actual and apparent stre

31、sses, 101-7 Determination of actual stress, 101-8 Experimental determination of strain characteristics, 121-9 Effects of strain hardening, 141-10 Effects of strain aging, 141-11 Transition curves obtained from Charpy V-notch impact tests, 171-12 Spiral pipe weld seams, 182-1 Schematic representation

32、 of the sequence of operations performed by a typical machine for making electric-resistance-welded tubes from steel strip, 222-2 Cross section through weld point, 222-3 Electric resistance welding using high-frequency welding current, 222-4 Electric resistance welding by induction using high-freque

33、ncy welding current, 222-5 Sequence of operations in a typical double submerged arc weld process, 232-6 Schematic diagram of process for making spiral-seam pipe, 242-7 Schematic diagram for making plate pipe, 243-1 Solution of the Hazen-Williams formula, 283-2 Solution of Scobey flow formula for Ks=

34、 0.36, 303-3 Solution of Manning flow formula for n = 0.011, 323-4 Moody diagram for friction in pipe, 403-5 Resistance coefficients of valves and fittings for fluid flows, 414-1 Relation of various heads or pressures for selection of design pressure (gravity flow), 464-2 Relation of various heads o

35、r pressures for selection of design pressure (pumped flow), 465-1 Surge wave velocity chart for water, 536-1 Position of area, 677-1 Details of concrete saddle, 707-2 Saddle supports for 78-in. pipe, 70Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.viii7-3 Ring girders provide

36、support for 54-in. diameter pipe, 717-4 Expansion joints between stiffener rings, 717-5 Anchor block, 717-6 Stiffener ring coefficients, 787-7 Equivalent stress diagramHenckyMises theory, 807-8 Bending stress in pipe shell with ring restraint, 817-9 Stiffener ring coefficients, equal and opposite co

37、uples, 817-10 Stiffener ring stresses for partially filled pipe, 817-11 Stiffener ring coefficients, radial load supported by two reactions, 817-12 Stiffener ring coefficientstransverse earthquake, 817-13 Combination of solutions, 827-14 Stresses, moments, and plate thickness, 847-15 Detail of assum

38、ed ring section, 947-16 Long-span steel pipe for low pressures, 1017-17 111-in. pipe on ring girders, 1028-1 Welded and rubber-gasketed field joints, 1128-2 Bolted sleeve-type couplings, 1148-3 Grooved coupling, 1168-4 Shouldered coupling, 1168-5 Typical expansion joint with limit rods, 1178-6 Typic

39、al expansion joint configurations, 1189-1 Recommended dimensions for water pipe fittings (except elbows), 1229-2 Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows, 1239-3 Tangent-type outlet (AWWA C208), 1259-4 Computation method and formulas for compound pipe elbows, 1279-5 Sample pipeline profile illus

40、trating air valve locations, 13510-1 Galvanic celldissimilar metals, 13810-2 Galvanic celldissimilar electrolytes, 14010-3 Galvanic cell on embedded pipe without protective coating, 14010-4 Galvanic cellpitting action, 14010-5 Corrosion caused by dissimilar metals in contact on buried pipe, 14010-6

41、Corrosion caused by dissimilar metals, 14110-7 Corrosion caused by cinders, 14110-8 Corrosion caused by dissimilarity of surface conditions, 14110-9 Corrosion caused by dissimilar soils, 14210-10 Corrosion caused by mixture of different soils, 142Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All

42、Rights Reserved.ix10-11 Corrosion caused by differential aeration of soil, 14210-12 Stray-current corrosion caused by electrified railway systems, 14310-13 Control of stray-current corrosion, 14410-14 Corrosion rate in various soils, 14510-15 Cathodic protectiongalvanic anode type, 14810-16 Cathodic

43、 protectionrectifier type, 14810-17 Bonding jumpers installed on sleeve-type coupling, 14910-18 Bonding wire for bell-and-spigot rubber-gasketed joint, 14912-1 Densified pipe zone bedding and backfill, 16212-2 Special subgrade densification, 16212-3 Bolt torque sequence, 16613-1 Example of adequatel

44、y detailed pipe special, 17713-2 Plan and profile of bend in pipe on centerline of pipe, 17713-3 Reinforcement of openings in welded steel pipe, 17913-4 One-plate wye, 18413-5 Three-plate wye, 18413-6 Two-plate wye, 18413-7 Nomograph for selecting reinforcement plate depths of equal-diameter pipes,

45、18613-8 N factor curves, 18713-9 Q factor curves, 18713-10 Selection of top depth, 18813-11 Wye branch plan and layout, 18913-12 Thrust at branch or tee, thrust at bulkhead or dead end, 19213-13 Resultant thrust at pipe elbow, 19213-14 Typical thrust blocking of a horizontal bend, 19213-15 Thrust bl

46、ocking of vertical bends, 19313-16 Force diagram, 19513-17 Lap welded joint, single-butt weld joint, 19613-18 Harnessed joint detail, 19613-19 Anchor ring, 19713-20 Harness lug detail, 20513-21 Reinforcing pad for tapped opening, 20613-22 Nipple with cap, 20613-23 Flanged connection for screw-joint

47、pipe, 20613-24 Wall connection using coupling, 206Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.x13-25 Extra-heavy half coupling welded to pipe as threaded outlet, 20613-26 Thredolets, 20613-27 Casing and removable two-piece roof, 20913-28 Section of casing giving access to ga

48、te valve gearing, 21013-29 Access manhole, 21013-30 Blowoff with riser for attaching pump section, 21113-31 Blowoff connection, 21113-32 Manifold layout of relief valves and pressure regulators, 21113-33 Tapping main under pressure, 21213-34 Maximum frost penetration and maximum freezing index, 2121

49、3-35 Heat balance in exposed pipelines, 21413-36 Fillet nomenclature, 21813-37 Submarine pipelineassembly and launching, 22113-38 Submarine pipelinepositioning by barge, 22113-39 Submarine pipelinefloating string positioning, 222Copyright 2004 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.xiTables1-1 Effects of alloying elements, 31-2 Maximum strain in pipe wall developed in practice, 123-1 M